Okongola kwambiri okwerera sitima siteshoni, Moscow. List of malo okongola kwambiri wa Moscow Metro

Mu 1935 iye anatsegula nthambi yoyamba ya Moscow Metro siteshoni "Sokolniki" - "Park Kultury". yomanga zake zoyenera anthu Soviet anakonda kanema "odzipereka". Metrostroevtsy ntchito pa nthawi anali mmodzi wa wolemekezeka kwambiri, ndi zapamwamba, nayenso.

The zambiri wokongola kwambiri

Ngakhale likulu akufuna kumanga yapansi, ndi funso la kuoneka wokongola siteshoni si pa ankafuna kukambirana. Wokongola kwambiri okwerera sitima (Moscow) inamangidwa nthawi imene dziko-wopambana waonetsa kuti dziko osati ndi ubwino lankhondo lamphamvu, komanso njira ya moyo, ngakhale pang'ono maofesi chisanadze nkhondo ndi pakati pa khumi wokongola kwambiri.
Nthawi zambiri, lonse yapansi mu Moscow, okwerera 44 zomwe 190 alipo anazindikira monga zinthu cholowa chikhalidwe, tinganene kuti zinthu zochititsa chidwi kwambiri padziko lonse. Wapamwamba kutsogolera zinthu sizimayenda bwino nthawi zonse mwamalunji. Mwachitsanzo, mndandanda wa "Yosangalatsa okwerera sitima (Moscow)" mitu "Kiev", wina - "Komsomolskaya", ndipo penapake woyamba ndi "Arbat". Nthawi zambiri, mu mavoti onse amasonkhana siteji "Komsomolskaya", "Kiev", "utasintha Square", "Mayakovskaya" ndi "Novoslobodskaya". Ngakhale inu mosavuta amaganiza kuti ngati okwerera 44 ndi zinthu ya cholowa chikhalidwe, iwo anganene pa mutu wa okongola kwambiri. Zingakhale zofunika kuti amatchula umboni m'mabokosi likulu - zambiri okwerera ofanana kumeneko ndi ku mizinda ina Russian ndi maiko ngakhale wapafupi.

Ungwiro wa thupi ndi wokhutira

"Mobisa yachifumu" imene kusangalatsa ndi kusangalala mwamtheradi aliyense ndipo adzakhala anthu kwa zaka, zinamangidwa makamaka kwa m'ma 50s, mpaka imfa ya Stalin. Nthawi zambiri akadali amatchedwa siteshoni wokongola kwambiri "Mayakovskaya", ndipo ntchito kwa World Chiwonetsero ku New York mu 1939, iye anali kupereka Grand Prix.
mphatso mayiko amaitcha ndi "Kropotkinskaya" (Grand Prix pa chionetserocho ku Brussels mu 1951) ndi "Red Chipata" (Grand Prix mu 1938 ku Paris), ndipo zaka zimenezo, pamene dziko la udani Soviet Union kutali lonse. Motero, ntchito imeneyi ndi ungwiro wa mawonekedwe, ndipo mpake analowa mabuku dziko pa zomangamanga.

anataya kukongola

"Stalin Sabuweyi" - otchedwa wokongola siteshoni zozungulira mzere ndi Antiokeya, ziboliboli, ziboliboli, Zithunzi ndi nambala yaikulu chandeliers yachifumu, dzina ndi buku, lofalitsidwa mu 2011, odzipatulira kwa yapansi panthaka. Buku n'kofunika, chifukwa kwambiri za ulemerero choyambirira cha mafano atayika chifukwa cha kukhazikitsanso, kusintha ndi kulamulira ndi Stalin umunthu mpatuko, zomwe zinachititsa kuwononga zonse zimene analenga ndi chikondi ofanana ndi servility.

"The zachifumu proletarian"

Popeza ambiri a malo pamwamba pa mndandanda wa "Ambiri siteshoni wokongola yapansi" (Moscow) akutenga "Komsomolskaya" - mphete - kuti ndi kukayankhula zokhudza tchimolo pali mu malo oyamba. Kwenikweni zikuwoneka ngati yachifumu, nanga ndi chifukwa cha ichi samadziwika: ". Kachisi otsiriza Shchusev" ndi "apotheosis wa ufumu wa Stalin" ndipo
Kuchokera afafanizidwe zikuonekeratu kuti pa mutu wa gulu la mapulani kuzochitikachitika, anaima A. V. Schusev - wolemba wa Kazan nyumba pasiteshoni ya sitima, Lenin a Mausoleum ndi nyumba zina zosiyanasiyana wotchuka. Anatsegula mu 1952, iyo inali pakati pa malo a "Kursk" ndi "Chiyembekezo Mira". A okwerera sitima "Komsomolskaya" kwa anatsegula mu 1935 Sokolniki mzere. Iye anatchuka chifukwa kukhala sitima ija inafika kuno, ndiponso kuti pali awiri wapadera majolica mapanelo anapanga malinga ndi zina zachidule Lansere. Mu 1952 zinali zogwirizanitsidwa ndi kulanda "Komsomolskaya" -ring. iwowa ali chokongoletsedwa ndi 8 mapanelo lowoneka ogwirizana ndi mutu umodzi - ndi chigonjetso cha Mzimu Russian ndi zida. Iwo kulengedwa kuchokera miyala yamtengo wapatali ndi glazes pa zina zachidule ndi P. D. Korina.

Anazindikira ndi anthu padziko lonse

Choncho, tipitirize kumbukirani malo okongola kwambiri wa Moscow Metro. mndandanda upitirize, "Mayakovskaya" titsegulireni September 11, 1938. Malowa ali pamtunda pakati oyima "Belarus '(ili kumpoto) ndi" Tverskaya "(kum'mwera) pa mzere Zamoskvoretskaya. Malowa ali pamtunda pansi likulu la likulu, m'chigawo Tver. Mlembi wa mbewu ntchito dzina la V. V. Mayakovskogo - membala wa Academy of Zomangamanga wa USSR, wopambana katatu wa ku Stalin Prize Aleksey Nikolaevich Dushkin. Iye - woyambitsa wa ntchito maofesi mobisa ngati "utasintha Square", "Novoslobodskaya" (unawonongedwa ntchito), "Avtozavodskaya" ndi "Kropotkinskaya".

Station mpainiya

thumbnail Utsogoleri wolemba Zithunzi siteshoni "Mayakovskaya" kunalibe zochepa wotchuka Soviet wojambula Alexander Deineka. "Mayakovskaya" choyamba siteshoni kwambiri mlingo dziko lapansi (mamita 34) a mtundu ndime. Iye trehsvodnaya.
Kodi zikutanthauza chiyani? Ndipo chakuti wokongola kwambiri okwerera sitima (Moscow monyadira ambiri chidwi ndi aesthetically zokondweretsa tione mapulani zinthu za mtundu uwu, koma ichi - kwenikweni wapadera) Amakhala ndi zipinda zitatu - chapakati ndi awiri lateral. Lililonse zipinda ziwiri ili pafupi ndi mphete lotseguka kumalumikiza anawasema awo kudalira mizati yawo wamba. Choncho dzina la kamangidwe - madera trehsvodchataya. Kotenga Arcade akaganizira ukulu chinthu.

Mbali yapadera chokongoletsera

azikongoletsa 35 Zithunzi zokongola anakonza mu domes imene ili mu denga la holo chapakati, pakati pa arches ndi. Komabe, kuwaona, m'pofunika mosamala kukweza mutu. Amenewa amanena za kuipa siteshoni lotchedwa "Mayakovskaya". Mwina zidzawonjezedwa kuti ntchitoyi anali poyamba dzina la amasiya anali osiyana - "m'chigonjetso Square", ndi kuziyika izo ankaganiza mu Italy Kubadwa Kwatsopano kalembedwe. Koma "kupambana Square" umene yomanga a malo zinakonzedwa, anadzatchedwa "Mayakovsky Square", siteshoni analandira dzina chomwecho.

Zimatchulidwa kawirikawiri kuposa ena

Kodi chinthu nthawi zambiri ili pa mzere woyamba wa mndandanda wa "siteshoni ambiri okongola yapansi mu Moscow?" "Kiev"! Tsegulani zinali March 14, 1954. Poyamba izo pathupi okongola kwambiri. N. S. Hruschevu, kale mu mphamvu, motero ankafuna zimalimbikitsa Republic kwawo. Iwo analengeza mpikisano, ndi za ntchito 73 anasankhidwa ntchito Chiyukireniya olemba.
malowo anapima kuti patha zaka 300th wa reunification wa Ukraine ndi Russia. siteshoni anatseka mzere bwalo. Iyenso, chakuya maziko, koma pylon (akuthandiza kapangidwe ndi pylons). 18 mapanelo wa glazes kukongoletsa wake umenewu luso mapulani.

Kukongola ndi choyambirira

Pitirizani mndandanda wa "wokongola kwambiri Moscow siteshoni okwerera sitima," ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale kuti atsogolere pa ufulu mungathe "utasintha Square" - asiye ili pa Arbat - mzere Pokrovskaya, anatsegula mu 1938, pa March 13. Limodzi naye "Kursk" ndi "Arbat". Kumasiyana ku khama zina za mzere woyamba mu masanjidwe ngakhale kuti ndi wotchuka Zithunzi ndiponso ziboliboli. 76 kanjedza mkuwa ndi 18 arches pa ndime kwa ankafika nsanja. Arches amapereka mwa pylons (akuthandiza mizati) cha siteshoni holo. Onse ziboliboli amaimira nzika za USSR mu nyengo zosiyana mapangidwe ake (kuchokera October 1917 mpaka tsiku wokhazikitsa awo mu 1937) ndipo anapangidwa msonkhano wa gulu Leningrad wa Osema kutsogoleredwa ndi Matvey Manizer. Ngati izi si yokongola kwambiri yapansi siteshoni mu Moscow, ndiye kwambiri choyambirira ndi wosaiwalika.

atazunguliridwa ndi zikhulupiriro

Iye amakondedwa ndi Muscovites. Pali zikhulupiriro zambiri zokhudza kanjedza mkuwa. Ngati inu opaka iwo mu malo ena, "halts" chimwemwe - zina ziboliboli zambiri ndi yowala, opukutidwa kukhudza m'badwo oposa mmodzi wa anthu malo likulu. Mwachitsanzo, ophunzira pakani mphuno watchdog, nayamba opaka iwo pafupifupi kuyambira kukhazikitsidwa. agalu onse anayi, ndipo aliyense Lobe ndi kupukutidwa kuti kudzawala a. Pali zithunzi za roosters - iwo acimbadzoza kuti kuwonjezera pa malipiro.
Mwachidule, kwa Muscovites eni siteshoni, ndipo iwo ali kwambiri amakonda ake. A chithunzi mkuwa panthawi ya nkhondo anatumizidwa kuti asachoke ku Kazakhstan. Kamangidwe "utasintha Square" ndi pylon trehsvodchatoy wakuya maziko. Ndi kusintha kwa siteshoni "Theatre" ndipo ali ndi modutsa wamba.

The ntchito lotsiriza la alitcha mbuye

Otsiriza ntchito A. N. Dushkina - siteshoni "Novoslobodskaya", anatsegula mu 1952 - pafupifupi nthawi zonse m'gulu mndandanda wa asanu otchedwa "The wokongola kwambiri Moscow okwerera sitima okwerera". Photo, pansipa, kwathunthu akutsimikiza ufulu wake ku malo pa mndandanda. Komanso, modutsa yake yapadera, yomwe ili pa msewu womwewo, akufanana kachisi wakale, Kukhonde kutsogolo kwa wapakamwa amene ali 6 yosema (ndi ofukula grooves) mizati. No zochepa lalikulu ndi wokongola ndi avant escalator alendi. Kamangidwe ka malopa - pylons kwambiri maziko. Ake "Chip" kapena yowala mchitidwe kapangidwe ndi ofotokozedwa aunika vitrage 32. Iwo amapangidwa kuchokera galasi Chilativiya ojambula zithunzi, ukaponye mipingo papezeka galasi. Choyambirira ndi kupachikidwa chandeliers. Ine ayenera kuwonjezera pa aliyense wa malo wa Moscow Metro, makamaka zinthu cholowa chikhalidwe, mu mwayi womwalira ali zofunikila, ndi kuwerengetsera zomangamanga, mumve.

Wina "Russian Ulemu"

Mu likulu la zomera zambiri zodabwitsa kuti chowala ndi zowoneka wa Moscow, ndi pa yomweyo zinthu nthawi ya Haji alendo. Choncho, malinga ndi ambiri, siteshoni wokongola kwambiri wa Moscow okwerera sitima - "Arbat", anatsegula mu 1953. Adzaupereka kwa waukulu mzinda kutonthozana mfundo. Omangika pa ntchito yapadera:-gawo mtanda wa pylon siteshoni kwambiri mlingo, ali mawonekedwe elliptical, kalembedwe wa ulemerero mkati wa Moscow Baroque. "Arbatskaja" - yaitali kwambiri, yachiwiri itatha "Mpheta Hills" ndipo alibe maganizo chatsekedwa. Chifukwa kusankha mitundu, izo zikuwoneka chikondwerero kwambiri.

Manda chidwi kwambiri wa Stalin nyengo

Mutu wa "siteshoni wokongola kwambiri yapansi mu Moscow" angayenerere kukhala "Belarus" ndi "Novokuznetskaya", "Taganskaya" ndi "Theatre", "Kropotkin" ndi "Chiyembekezo Mira", "Smolensk" ndi ena. Monga taonera, aliyense wa 44 anazindikira cholowa chikhalidwe, akhoza m'gulu pamwamba asanu kapena zisanu ndi ziwiri za oyima bwino wa Moscow Metro. Nanga bwanji malo anamanga pambuyo pa imfa ya Stalin? Nthawi ya "zachifumu proletarian" unatha ndi imfa ya mtsogoleri wa ...

zinthu zatsopano

Malo okongola kwambiri okwerera sitima, chinamangidwa m'zaka za m'ma XXI - "Asilavo Boulevard". Iwo chinamasulidwa mu 2008. Ndithudi mu dziko la katundu chachiwiri (yokha ya Tokyo) yapansi, mwina, osati kukongola. Koma tsopano ikumangidwa ku dziko okongola kwambiri siteshoni Mwachitsanzo ku Dubai.
Tikukhulupirira, ndi Moscow Metro, amene posachedwapa chikondwerero chikumbutso ake 80th ndipo tsopano akukumana ndi kumanga Boom, "adzakhala tikhale" ano, omasuka, kupezeka zofunikira za lero, koma pa malo nthawi yomweyo wokongola.