Nuthatch Common: kufotokoza, malo okhala, kubalana

Coachman, nuthatch kapena wamba - mbalame yaing'ono ya nuthatch banja, kofala mu Africa North, Asia ndi ku Ulaya. Angapezeke chapakati Russia ndi ku Siberia. Pali amayambitsa m'nkhalango wosanganiza, deciduous ndi coniferous, mu minda ndi m'mapaki midzi. Nuthatch wamba kukafunafuna chakudya see ndi akamayendetsa nthambi makungwa a mitengo, nthawi zambiri mozondoka.

mafotokozedwe

Izi ang'onoang'ono makina mbalame kufika masentimita 14.5 m'litali, ndi kulemera kwa 25 ga ndi wingspan wa masentimita 27; ndi mutu waukulu, wakuda ndi pafupifupi imperceptible, kanthawi khosi. The nthenga wandiweyani, fluffy. ❖ kuyanika imasiyana malingana malo, thupi chapamwamba Choncho nthawi zonse mithunzi osiyana a buluu imvi mtundu. Mu Asia kum'mwera, kumadzulo kwa Ulaya ndi Caucasus ali ginger wodula bwino mimba ndi woyera chibwano m'khosi. Kumpoto kwa woyera ake otsika ndi mbali wofiira Komanso mgoza podhvostem ndi milozo wa mtundu woyera.

Nuthatch wamba, zithunzi zimene zili m'nkhani ino tikukhala mu kum'mawa kwa China, ali pansi wofiira kwathunthu. Mu mitundu Far East woyera nthenga pachifuwa. Pa nthenga kwambiri chiwongolero nthawi zonse mawanga woyera. Kuyambira chiyambi cha mlomo kwa nape kwa khosi ndi mdima yopingasa lamizeremizere. Mlomo lakuthwa, molunjika ndi yaitali, imvi. Pa maziko ake wotumidwa patsogolo bristles ouma. mapiko anamaliza, aafupi, nthenga khumi chachikulu. Short, molunjika mchira. Miyendo amphamvu, imvi bulauni, ndi olimbikira chiombankhanga yaitali, mwangwiro ndinazolowera ndi mitengo yogwira kukwera. Akazi ndi amuna Chrixitu kunja wosiyana, akuluakulu okha pang'ono kuposa yaimuna.

m'dera

Mu nkhalango ya Palaearctic (ambiri a Asia, Europe ndi Africa North) ambiri nuthatch wamba. Mbalame zithunzi ali m'nkhani ino amapezeka kulikonse mu Europe. Pa gawo la dziko lathu ku dera la kumpoto gombe yochepa ku Nyanja White, malire m'munsi mwa ob Mtsinje ndi ku mudzi wa Ayenela-Tsilma; kuchokera kum'mwera - Saratov, Voronezh dera, Kokshetau, ndi Urals Southern, Barnaul ndi Omsk. Kunja kwa dziko lathu amakhala ku Korea, China, Taiwan ndi zilumba Japanese; Iye amakhala kumwera kwa Iran, Israel, Indochina ndi mapiri Himalaya. Mu Africa, angapezeke mu Morocco.

malo

miyoyo Nuthatch wamba mu nkhalango - coniferous, deciduous ndi kusakaniza, pamene amasankha malo ndi zambiri mitengo akale ndi nkhalango, amene akufunafuna chakudya. Komanso mosavuta zikukhazikitsa m'mapaki ndi minda ndi zomera zake. M'madera kum'mwera ndi kumadzulo kwa Ulaya wakonda nkhalango mitundu imene chimakhala chogwidwa ndi hornbeam, thundu, mumamera.

Nuthatch ntchito kukwaniritsa m'nkhalango Titafika pamalo kumpoto, kum'mwera - zone steppe, kumene zisa nkhalango ndi nkhalango riparian. Ku Asia ndipo Siberia kumene makamaka kukula nkhalango coniferous, moyo makamaka mu nkhalango ndi zambiri larch ndi mkungudza. Amadziwika kuti Kugawikana magulu nkhalango, zimayambitsa kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana, chonde si akhudzidwa nuthatch.

Nuthatch wamba (zithunzi Tingaone m'nkhani ino) amatsogolera moyo wongokhala, ndipo kawirikawiri, limayesetsa kumalo amodzi ngati inu musavutike. Mu nayonso pakati kumpoto kwa dera mbalame amasamukira kum'mwera m'nyengo yozizira. nthawi ino ya chaka akhoza kujowina mbalame zina (makamaka kwa akawelewele), koma osati kupanga mapaketi. Kupititsa mbalame amateteza malo anu chaka chonse.

kubalana

Kumayambiriro kwa kuswana nyengo ya mbalame zimadalira ufulu wa. Mwachitsanzo, chapakati Russia iwo anayamba kukaikira mazira mu April, pamene madera kumpoto - yekha mu May. Mbalame monogamous (wamkazi mmodzi yekha pa nkhani mwamuna wina); Mabanja moyo wake upulumutsidwe.

Nuthatches dzenje wake wokhala ndi mpanda dongo, motero kusiya kokha notches yaing'ono.

kuswa

vulgaris Nuthatch, limene pali zithunzi m'nkhani ino, ndi chiyambi cha kufungatira ikutha, kukhala unnoticeable. amawaumbatira Female, pamene masamba chisa Koma ngati ngozi kale popeza anaphimba zomangamanga zofunda. Makulitsidwe kumatenga pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Kenako aswa anapiye okutidwa ndi yaitali woonda pansi pa nsana wake, mapewa ndi mutu. Anatisamalira ndi makolo onse awiri, kuwapatsa zakudya nthawi 350 pa tsiku. Anapiye ndi pa phiko patapita masiku 25, ngakhale kuti milungu ngakhale 1-2 kudyetsa makolo ake ndipo kenako omwazika.

Kuchuluka zoyambirira za mbalame wamng'ono mpaka kumapeto kwa dzinja kukatenga malo wake, koma kusankha naye ndi malo kukaikira mazira kwathunthu anatsimikiza yekha ndi kasupe zotsatirazi. Mbalame zakutchire amakhala khumi zaka.

dzenje

Mbalame nuthatch zisa wamba akubisala m'dzenje, koma mosiyana ndi woodpeckers chomwecho, wosakhoza gouge ndi kudzikonda dzenje Choncho, ntchito zisa wachikulire kapena kutenga cavities chibadwidwe mitengo. Dzenje osankhidwa pa mtunda wa mamita 4-8 kuchoka pansi. Komanso zatenga chisa mabokosi kudzera yokumba. Nthawi zambiri, ngati kutsegula mokwanira lalikulu iwo zimalepheretsa dongo wake kuteteza zilombo zolusa zosiyanasiyana intermittently kuwasakaniza ndi manyowa, kusiya kokha yaing'ono tapholes awiri 35 mm. Nthawi dongo topaka monga dzenje yekha ndi madera ozungulira.

Mkati dzenje wodzaza ndi mamba yaing'ono woonda wosanjikiza chapamwamba kotekisi, nthawizina - Leaf magawo. Zobiriwira zofunda - mazira ake pafupifupi kwathunthu adalowetsedwa.