Nthunzi boilers: mfundo ya ntchito ndi chipangizo

Nthunzi kukatentha ndi chipangizo kwa akatembenuka madzi mu nthunzi kuti ntchito zonse kunyumba ndi makampani. Nthunzi ntchito kutenthetsa malo a magalimoto ndi mapaipi, komanso onsewo turbomachinery. Tiyeni tipeze kwambiri chimene chimapanga boilers nthunzi. Mfundo ntchito, gulu chipangizo, kukula ndi zambiri - zonsezi ayankhidwa pansipa.

tanthauzo

Monga inu mukudziwa, nthunzi kukatentha wagawo akutulutsa nthunzi. Choncho boilers wa mtundu uwu zingabweretse awiriawiri mitundu iwiri: zimalimbikitsa ndi koopsa. Mbali yoyamba, kutentha pafupifupi 100 madigiri, ndi kuthamanga - 100 kPa. Koopsa nthunzi kutentha limatuluka digiri 500 ndi kuthamanga - mpaka 26 MPa. Zimalimbikitsa nthunzi ntchito zolinga za m'banja, makamaka kwa Kutentha m'nyumba. Koopsa nthunzi wapeza ntchito ku makampani ndi mphamvu. Sangalekerere kutentha, kotero zake ntchito kumawonjezera kwambiri ndi dzuwa la chomera.

Mbali

Pali zinthu zitatu zikuluzikulu za ntchito boilers nthunzi:

1. Kutentha kachitidwe. nthunzi The amachita ngati gwero la mphamvu.
2. Mphamvu. injini Industrial nthunzi, kapena ngati iwo amatchedwa nthunzi magudumu ntchito kutulutsa mphamvu zamagetsi.
3. Makampani. The nthunzi makampani ntchito osati kwa Kutentha, "malaya" apparatuses ndi mapaipi, komanso kutembenuka mphamvu matenthedwe mu galimoto makina zokwawa.

boilers banja nthunzi ntchito Kutentha zoweta. Mu mawu osavuta, ntchito yawo ndi mkangano ndi madzi nthunzi kayendedwe kudzera payipi ya. Chotero dongosolo zambiri kukhwimitsani ndi ng'anjo n'kupuma kapena kukatentha. Childs, zipangizo kunyumba dzabala zimalimbikitsa koopsa nthunzi, amene yokwanira kuchita ntchito zawo.

Makampani, nthunzi ndi koopsa - kupitiriza kutenthetsa pambuyo evaporation ndi cholinga kuonjezera zina kutentha. maofesi awa ndi zofunika khalidwe yapadera, kuyambira ukagwira thanki nthunzi kuopsa kwa amaphulika. The nthunzi koopsa kuwapeza kukatentha, mulole kupita ku m'badwo magetsi kapena makina apaulendo.

magetsi ndi nthunzi anapanga m'njira zotsatirazi. Zimapita, nthunzi ya akulowa chopangira mphamvu kumene chifukwa otaya wandiweyani imazungulira kutsinde. Choncho, mphamvu matenthedwe ndi n'kukhala makina, ndipo iye, nayenso ali n'kukhala mphamvu zamagetsi. Ndi mmene mphamvu ya chopangira mphamvu ya.

Kasinthasintha wa kutsinde, amene Zimachitika evaporation ndalama zambiri koopsa nthunzi, imafalikiranso mwachindunji kwa galimoto ndi mawilo. Choncho gululi ndi zoyendera nthunzi. Monga chitsanzo anthu ambiri nthunzi injini nthunzi kungachititse sitima kapena m'madzi kukatentha. ntchito otsiriza mfundo ndi losavuta: khala kuyaka amapanga kutentha zomwe likamatenthetsa madzi ndi amapanga nthunzi. Chabwino awiriawiri, nayenso, imazungulira gudumu, kapena nkhani ya zomangira sitimayo.

Nthunzi boilers: opareshoni

Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane mmene ntchito boilers izi. Gwero la kutentha koyenera Kutentha madzi, akhoza kukhala a mtundu uliwonse wa mphamvu: magetsi, dzuwa, geothermal, kutentha kwa kuyaka kwa mafuta kapena mafuta olimba. Nthunzi kwaiye pa Kutentha kwa madzi ndi kutentha kutengerapo madzimadzi, i.e. anasamutsidwa matenthedwe mphamvu kuchokera Kutentha danga malo a ntchito.

Ngakhale zosiyanasiyana ziwembu, chipangizo wamkulu ndiponso mfundo za machitidwe a boilers nthunzi musati amasiyana. Total madzi Kutentha dera ndi kutembenuka ake wotsatira mu nthunzi chiri motere:

1. Kuyeretsa madzi Zosefera ndi kupereka ake ku thanki Kutentha ndi mpope. thanki ambiri ankakhala mu kumtunda kwa zida za.
2. Kuchokera thanki madzi wolowera machubu mu zobwezedwa ndi, inali ankalemekeza pansipa.
3. Madzi adzawuka kachiwiri, kokha nthawi imeneyi osati mwa chitoliro ndi kupyolera mu zone magetsi.
4. Mu zone Kutentha anapanga awiriawiri. Mu zochita za kusiyana kuthamanga pakati pa madzi ndi mankhwala gaseous, imatuluka oposa.
5. Pamwamba nthunzi mkangano ndi anadutsa olekanitsa, kumene izo potsiriza wosiyana madzi. Zatsalira madzimadzi anabwerera posungira, ndi nthunzi ayenera kukhala mu mzere nthunzi.
6. Ngati izi si kukatentha wamba, jenereta nthunzi, izo zina usavutike ndi mapaipi. Pa njira zawo Kutentha pansipa.

chipangizo

Nthunzi boilers kuimira thanki imene madzi usavutike kupanga nthunzi. Nthawi zambiri iwo akutsatiridwa mu mawonekedwe a mipope zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Komanso chitoliro ndi kukatentha madzi nthawi zonse ali m'chipinda kuyaka (ng'anjo). akuphatikizapo zingasiyane malingana ndi mtundu wa mafuta ntchito. Ngati ndi nkhuni, kapena khala zovuta, ndi pansi pa ng'anjo waikidwa kabati limene mafuta okwana. Kuchokera pansi pa kabati, ndi mpweya akulowa m'chipinda kuyaka. A pamwamba pa ng'anjo amathandiza pa m'chumunicho, zomwe zimafunika kuti samatha ogwira - kufalitsidwa mpweya ndi kuyaka mafuta.

Mfundo boilers nthunzi chifukwa utsi olimba ndi yosiyana ndi zipangizo zimene coolant ntchito monga chuma madzi kapena gaseous. Ngati chachiwiri, burner kumafuna kuyaka chipinda amene amagwira ntchito ngati woyatsa wa masitovu mpweya banja. Pakuti makope mpweya komanso ntchito kabati ndi flue, chifukwa kaya mtundu wa mafuta, kuyaka mpweya ndi wofunika kwambiri.

Kuyaka mpweya kuwapeza mafuta kuyaka, limatuluka ku thanki madzi. Iye amapereka madzi kutentha kwake ndi lotulukira kudzera m'chumunicho m'mlengalenga. Pamene madzi usavutike otentha kutentha, iwo amayamba asanduke nthunzi. Dziwani kuti madzi ukuphwera, koma osati ndalama ngati ndi pa anthu kutentha nthunzi. Chamunthuyo nthunzi yekha akulowa chitoliro. Choncho, kufalitsa nthunzi ndi kusintha kwa loitanirana madera a madzi amapezeka mwachibadwa. Mfundo ntchito ya kukatentha nthunzi ya makope zachilengedwe amafuna kochepa alowererepo anthu. Zonse muyenera kuchita woyendetsa ndi kuonetsetsa khola madzi otentha ndi kulamulira ndondomeko ndi njira ya zipangizo zapadera.

Pa nkhani ya magetsi madzi Kutentha kukatentha ndi kosavuta. Iwo usavutike ndi zinthu Kutentha kapena heaters mtundu ntchito ngati kalozera ndi usavutike ndi Joule-Lenz.

Gawo

Nthunzi boilers, mfundo zimene ife tiganizire lero, akhoza wachinsinsi mu njira zingapo.

Ndi mtundu mafuta:

1. Malasha.
2. Gasi.
3. Lolemera mafuta.
4. Magetsi.

Mwa maikidwe:

1. Banja.
2. Mphamvu.
3. Industrial.
4. Yobwezeretsanso.

Ndi mamangidwe:

1. -Tube.
2. Madzi chubu.

ndi kusiyana kwa mpweya ndi chubu madzi boilers nthunzi Kodi

Mfundo ntchito zachokera boilers Kutentha ndi thanki madzi. Mphamvu imene madzi zipita boma nthunzi zambiri ndi chubu kapena machubu angapo. Zipangizo zimene likamatenthetsa chitoliro mafuta, kukwera mmwamba, boilers otulutsidwa chubu.

Koma pali njira ina - pamene kuyaka mpweya akamayendetsa chitoliro, ndipo lili mkati mwa thanki madzi. Pankhaniyi, muli madzi wotchedwa ng'oma ndi kukatentha palokha - madzi chubu. Mu parlance wamba limatchedwanso moto chubu kukatentha. Malinga ndi malo boilers ng'oma madzi a mtundu lagawidwa: yopingasa, ofukula ndi zozungulira. Komanso, pali zitsanzo zomwe zagwiridwa madera osiyana machubu.

Kutsogolera ndi ntchito mfundo moto chubu kukatentha-chubu osiyana pang'ono. Choyamba, izo nkhawa chitoliro kukula ndi madzi ndi nthunzi. Mu madzi chubu kukatentha machubu zochepa chonse, kuposa-chubu. Chachiwiri, pali kusiyana mu malo mphamvu. -Tube kukatentha amapereka mavuto osapitirira 1 MPa ndipo ali ndi kutentha ikuyambitsa mphamvu mpaka 360 kW. Chifukwa cha ichi ndi chitoliro lalikulu. Umene unayamba mu timachubu yokwanira nthunzi kuthamanga, malinga awo ayenera kukhala wandiweyani. Chifukwa cha - mtengo wa boilers otere anakokomeza. Wamphamvu madzi chubu kukatentha. Chifukwa machubu woonda khoma, nthunzi likamatenthetsa bwino. Ndipo chachitatu, madzi chubu boilers otetezeka. Iwo amapanga kutentha si amaopa zimamuchulukira kwambiri.

zinthu zina boilers

Mfundo ntchito kukatentha ndi nthunzi ndi wosavuta Koma mapulani ake imakhala nambala mwachilungamo lalikulu la zinthu. Komanso zipinda kuyaka ndi mapaipi kufalitsa boilers madzi / nthunzi zili ndi zipangizo kusintha Mwachangu awo (kuonjezera nthunzi kutentha, kukakamiza ndi kuchuluka). zipangizozi monga:

1. Superheater. Ali kuonjezera kutentha nthunzi kuposa madigiri 100. Kutenthedwa nthunzi kumawonjezera Mwachangu chipangizo ndi dzuwa ake. Koopsa nthunzi akhoza kufika kutentha madigiri 500 Celsius. Chotero kutentha zimachitika zomera nthunzi ya okwerera mphamvu za nyukiliya. Akamanena za superheat ndi kuti pambuyo evaporation kubwera kudzera chitoliro ndi pansi nthunzi reheated. Chifukwa chaichi, zida mwina zida ndi mfuti zapadera kapena piping umodzi kale awiriawiri linanena bungwe pa ntchito ankafuna, akudutsa kangapo mwa ng'anjo yaikulu. Reheaters ndi cheza ndi convection. The ntchito woyamba 2-3 zosavuta.
2. Olekanitsa. Ntchito "ngalande" nthunzi - kulekanitsa izo m'madzi. Zimenezi ndi dzuwa la chomera.
3. Nthunzi accumulator. chipangizo lakonzedwa kuti akhalebe mlingo zonse chomera nthunzi. Pamene angapo sikokwanira limanenanso kuti dongosolo ndi M'malo mwake, ngati amasankha ndi overabundance.
4. Kukonzekera chipangizo cha madzi. Chifukwa makina kuntchito madzi imene imagwera pa izo, amafunika yeniyeni. chipangizo Izi amachepetsa chiwerengero cha mpweya mu madzi ndi mchere. zonsezi yosavuta chingalepheretse dzimbiri a mipope ndi mapangidwe lonse pa nyumba yawo. Dzimbiri ndi onga osati kuchepetsa mphamvu ya chipangizo, koma mwamsanga kupita naye ku ziyambe kukonzedwa, makamaka pa nkhani ya ntchito yogwira.

zida polojekiti

Komanso kukatentha ndi zida ndi zipangizo wothandiza ulamuliro ndi kuzisamalira. Mwachitsanzo, malire lophimba oyang'anira madzi mlingo kukhalabe zonse mlingo madzi ng'oma ndi. Mfundo ntchito chizindikiro pamakomo kukatentha nthunzi yochokera kusintha kulemera kwa katundu wapadera panthawi imene kwawo ku gawo zamadzimadzi nthunzi ndipo mosemphanitsa. Mu nkhani ya kupatuka mwakale izo beep kuchenjeza anthu ogwira ntchito kumalo a ntchito.

Pamalo ulamuliro madzi ndi ntchito standpipe kukatentha. Mfundo ntchito chipangizo zochokera madutsidwe magetsi a madzi. mzati ndi chubu okonzeka ndi maelekitirodi anayi kulamulira madzi. Ngati ndime madzi umalandira chizindikiro m'munsi, chakudya mpope chikugwirizana, ndipo ngati pamwamba - zoyendetsedwa madzi kukatentha mabasi.

chipangizo ina yosavuta kuyeza mu mlingo kukatentha madzi ndi madzi galasi, Integrated mu wagawo ndi. Mfundo zikugwira ntchito ya madzi n'zotsimikizira galasi nthunzi kukatentha ndi losavuta - chinali cholinga ulamuliro zithunzi madzi.

Komanso mlingo madzi mu dongosolo kudzera gauges kuthamanga ndi thermometers kuyeza kutentha ndi kuthamanga motero. Zonse zofunika kugwira ntchito za masiku onse kukatentha ndi kuteteza kuthekera ngozi.

nthunzi magudumu

Takambirana kale mfundo kukatentha ndi nthunzi, tsopano mwachidule bwino peculiarities wa magudumu a nthunzi - ndi boilers amphamvu kwambiri zida ndi zipangizo zina. Monga mukuonera, kusiyana waukulu pakati pa nthunzi kuchokera kukatentha ndi kuti dongosolo zimapezekanso reheaters chimodzi kapena zingapo, zimene zimathandiza kuti kutentha apamwamba nthunzi. Zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya, chifukwa banjali otentha kwambiri, kutembenuza mphamvu ya atomu azingokhala mu mphamvu ya magetsi.

Pali m'zimene madzi Kutentha, ndi kumasulira boma gaseous mu riyakitala ndi:

1. Madzi amatsuka thupi la riyakitala lapansi. Pamene riyakitala ndi utakhazikika ndi madzi usavutike. Choncho, nthunzi ndi kwaiye mu dera osiyana. Pankhaniyi, jenereta nthunzi akutumikira monga kutentha exchanger.
2. Mipope anayesedwa ndi madzi mkati riyakitala lapansi. Mu chimake izi, riyakitala ndi chipinda kuyaka imene nthunzi ya umaperekedwa mwachindunji jenereta lapansi. Mapulani amatchedwa otentha madzi riyakitala. Apa zonse ntchito popanda nthunzi.

Pomaliza

Today takumana ndi chipangizo ngati zothandiza monga kukatentha ndi nthunzi. Kapangidwe ndi mfundo ntchito chipangizo ichi ndi wosavuta ndi zochokera banal thupi katundu wa madzi. Komabe boilers facilitates kwambiri moyo wa munthu. Kumalimbikitsa nyumbayi ndi kuthandiza kupanga magetsi.