Ndi ultrafiltration madzi chiyani?

An njira ya chiyeretso madzi ndi kukhomerera ake kudzera nembanemba semipermeable. zosefera njira ali m'magulu malinga ndi tinthu kukula nawo:

• kudzera nembanemba microfiltration ndi makulidwe pore wa microns kuchokera 0,05 mpaka 10;
• Ultrafiltration - pores kuchokera 0,001 microns kuti 0,05 microns;
• chigamulocho osmosis ndi nanofiltration - pores 1 nm kapena m'munsimu.

Ultrafiltration cholinga kuchotsa madzi therefrom tizilombo ndi inclusions macroscopic zomwe sizidzipezera kudutsa pores Kakhungu.

Traditional kanthu fyuluta limagwirira kuti backfill zochokera yokoka kuyeretsa. Ultrafiltration imagwiridwa chimodzimodzi ndisanabadwe kupyolera mauna porous, mmene particles onse awiri wamkulu anasiyanitsidwa.

mitundu ya nembanemba

Zinthu fyuluta ndi mapepala lathyathyathya kapena CHIKWANGWANI capillaries. Kudzera ultrafiltration woyamba kwenikweni amapangidwa ndi madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi yamasika ukunenedwa kwa madzi mankhwala.

ulusi ali makamaka anachita osakwatiwa-njira, ndi awiri mkati za 0,8 mm. Iwo pansi katundu kawirikawiri ndipo mwina unagwa pa backwashing. Multichannel ulusi muli capillaries angapo ndipo ali ndi mphamvu kuposa pamenepa.

nembanemba anapangidwa kwa ma polima, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera poliestersulfona. magawo ake akhoza kusinthidwa ndi Kuwonjezera zipangizo kupanga. A lonse pH osiyanasiyana umathandiza madzi kukonzedwa kwa bwino kuyeretsa zinthu fyuluta.

nembanemba Polymeric ayenera nthawi kupopera mankhwala chifukwa bakiteriya mukufuna kudya kanthu organic ndi kupanga m'manja mwake.

ndi wautali bwanji Kakhungu ceramic, amene bwino osambitsidwa ndi detergents. mtengo wake apamwamba, koma moyo utumiki ndi zaka 10.

njira kusefera

madzi ultrafiltration dongosolo tichipeza zigawo wodzazidwa ndi ulusi porous dzenje. madzi koyamba akulowa capillaries, kenako kusefera kumachitika mwa makoma lateral. N'zothekanso mu n'zosiyana chakudya malangizo.

Ankatenthetsa imagwiridwa ndi filtrate ndi akudyetsedwa kuti otaya kauntala. Yunifolomu kufalitsidwa kwa kunja madzimadzi ulusi amapereka kwa kuchotsa madipoziti kuchokera capillaries lapansi. Nkofunika kusankha olondola kutsuka boma kuti n'zosavuta kuchotsa zodetsa wosanjikiza.

Zosefera ntchito modes awiri, mmodzi amene kuthamanga: madzi zimalowa chipangizo casing opanikizika. The njira kumiza imagwiridwa ntchito zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana anabadwira mu chidebe lotseguka. Kumbali linanena bungwe wosatsogoleredwa, ndi madzi mawere mwa zinthu fyuluta.

zigawo The imakonzedwa vertically. madzi kudyetsedwa kuchokera kumalekezero, ndi kuchotsedwa - pa ena. chiwerengero cha zigawo mu fyuluta imodzi ndi amangoona mayunitsi osachepera awiri. Chifukwa, pamafunika kupatula gasket kuti amachepetsa imabwera kuchucha. zigawo ofukula conveniently kukhala ndi mayeso. Iwo zovuta kukhazikitsa ndi kuchotsa.

zosefera modes

Pamene madzi opangidwa Zosefera ultrafiltration akhoza opareshoni mu mode akufa mapeto ndi tangential. Mbali yoyamba ndi kutsukidwa kwa madzi onse aperekedwe. M'dambo ku Kakhungu anati amene nthawi kuchotsedwa pa osamba kapena kukhetsa mtsinje. Kakhungu amakhala wauve msanga, ndipo pa izo kuthamanga masiyanidwe ayenera anakhalabe laling'ono, limene amachepetsa ntchito chipangizo. njira umagwiritsidwa kwa madzi, pa suspensions otsika ndende.

Mu mode tangential osasankhidwa sing'anga ndi akufalitsa pamodzi pamwamba Kakhungu ndi madipoziti adalira aumbike pang'ono. Kugwedezekagwedezeka akulowera mu kotunga ritsa limalola ayeretsedwe madzi ndi slurries yapamwamba ndende. The kuipa njira ndi kuchuluka kwa mowa mphamvu kwa chilengedwe cha mtengo waukulu otaya ndi kufunika unsembe wa mapaipi zina.

magawo ultrafiltration

Ultrafiltration magawo chachikulu ndi:

1. Selectivity - chiŵerengero cha woipa zonyansa madzi oipa _{(Rin C.)} Ndipo filtrate (C _O.): R = _(.. 1 - C _O / C _Rin) ∙ 100%. Ultrafiltration ndondomeko lalikulu kuti amalola kuti akuchedwa particles kakang'ono, monga mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo tina.
2. Otaya filtrate - kuchuluka kwa madzi mwayeretsa pa nthawi unit.
3. Mlingo yeniyeni filtrate otaya - kuchuluka kwa mankhwala kudutsa 1 mita ^{2 m'deralo} Kakhungu. Izo zimatengera maonekedwe a chinthu fyuluta ndi chiyero cha kasupe.
4. Dontho kuthamanga kudutsa nembanemba wa - kusiyana kuthamanga pa mbali okwanira ndi kwa filtrate lapansi.
5. Permeability - chiŵerengero pakati pa mlingo yeniyeni otaya filtrate, ndi kuthamanga masiyanidwe kudutsa nembanemba lapansi.
6. Hayidiroliki Mwachangu - chiŵerengero pakati pa ndalama ndi filtrate aziwapatsa madzi.

Ultrafiltration kwa disinfection madzi

njira Traditional kuti kuchotsa tizilombo monga ntchito reagents luso. Ultrafiltration madzi thupi alibe therefrom tizilombo ndi colloids chifukwa kukula yaing'ono ya pores Kakhungu. Ubwino wa njira ndi kuchotsa tizilombo akufa, algae, organic ndi tinthu makina. Choncho palibe kufunika kwa maphunziro apadera a madzi, nthawi zina zofunikira. Pamafunika yekha Pre kupatsira kudzera 30 micron fyuluta mawotchi kuyeretsa.

Pogula fyuluta chofunika kudziwa kukula kwa pores Kakhungu. Kuchotsa kwathunthu mavairasi diameters mipata akhale pa 0,005 microns. Pakuti zamitundu lalikulu kuyambira disinfection ntchito sati anachita.

Komanso, luso ultrafiltration ikupereka madzi powunikira. suspensions onse kwathunthu kuchotsedwa.

Unsembe ultrafiltration madzi limapangidwa kufanana zipangizo zikugwirizana kuti kupereka ntchito zinafunika za ndondomeko ndi kuthekera m'malo iwo mu ndondomekoyi.

Kuyeretsedwa mwa kuwombola ion zosefera madzi

utomoni ndi mogwira akuchedwa ndi colloidal tinthu kukula 0.1-1.0 microns, koma iwo mwamsanga kuononga granules. Rinsing ndi kusinthika sakuthandiza kwenikweni. Kovuta kuchotsa particles cha SiO _2, lomwe makamaka lalikulu mu zitsime ndi madzi mtsinje. Pambuyo wosindikiza utomoni akuyamba kukula mu yaying'ono-zamoyo mu malo amene sanasambitsidwe ndi detergents.

Ion kuzizira amagwiritsidwa mwachangu kukhomerera mafuta emulsified, amene sakhoza kuchotsedwa. Clogging zambiri zimene n'kosavuta m'malo fyuluta kuposa kupatutsa mafuta kuchokera kumeneko.

Sefani yatsekera granules resins yogwira mkulu-maselo mankhwala. Bwino kuchotsa mpweya adamulowetsa, koma ali ndi lalifupi moyo.

Ion kuwombola resins ogwira ndi ultrafiltration kuchotsa 95% ya colloids.

Water mankhwala - chigamulocho osmosis pamaso ultrafiltration

ndalama opaleshoni ndi kuchepetsedwa pamene liwiro kolowera Zosefera ndi kuchepetsa Chifukwa cha kukula kwa particles ndi Kutsekeledwa. Ngati pamaso pa ultrafiltration gawo wayikidwa chithandizo rougher, izo kumawonjezera dzuwa la machitidwe n'zosiyana osmosis. Recent atengeke anionic ndi flocculants sanali amaayoni ngati coagulation Mankhwala oipitsa opangidwa pa siteji waukuluwo.

organics Krupnomolekulyarnyh msanga amaononga pores wa nembanemba n'zosiyana osmosis. Iwo mwamsanga inamera tizilombo. Pre-ultrafiltration madzi zochimwazo kumathetsa mavuto onse ndi kuthekera chuma pogwiritsa ntchito n'zosiyana osmosis.

Chithandizo zinyalala

Madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito mankhwala ndi ultrafiltration limachititsa kuti adzathe ntchito mafakitale. Ntchito luso ndi abwino, ndi opangidwa ndi katundu pa madzi lotseguka abwino yafupika.

Kakhungu luso ntchito mankhwala effluent ndi electroplating kupanga nsalu, mu adzasowa chakudya, chitsulo kuchotsa dongosolo, pamene akuchotsa njira urea, electrolytes, mankhwala heavy, mankhwala mafuta ndi ena. Zimenezi Mwachangu ndi zimatithandiza kuyeretsedwa luso.

Pamene otsika maselo kulemera zosafunika ndi limafotokoza ultrafiltration akhale okonzeka zosakaniza.

Makamaka kwambiri ndi vuto la kulekana kwa mafuta madzi emulsified. The ntchito luso Kakhungu ndi njira yosavuta, ndalama otsika mphamvu ndiponso kusapezeka kwa zosowa mankhwala.

Chithandizo cha madzi ku magwero pamwamba

Mvumbi ndi kusefera poyamba ogwira ayeretsedwa ndi madzi njira. Zosafunika chiyambi zachilengedwe ali bwino kuchotsedwa, koma tsopano pali opangidwa Mankhwala oipitsa, kuchotsa amene amafuna njira zina kuyeretsedwa. Makamaka mavuto ambiri amalenga chlorination koyamba kupanga organochlorines. Ntchito magawo zina a kuyeretsedwa ndi mpweya adamulowetsa ndi ozonation kumawonjezera mtengo madzi.

Ultrafiltration umabala kumwa madzi mwachindunji ku magwero pamwamba amachotsedwa therefrom algae, tizilombo, nkhani particulate ndi mankhwala ena .. Njira zothandiza ndi chisanadze coagulation. Izo sikutanthauza nthawi yaitali sedimentation, chifukwa sikuti mapangidwe flakes lalikulu.

Unsembe ultrafiltration madzi (onani chithunzi m'munsimu) amakwaniritsa khalidwe zonse wabwino wa madzi popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo komanso reagents.

Ntchito coagulation njira amakhala inefficient chifukwa mankhwala ambiri organic madzi si wapezeka ndi ochiritsira potaziyamu permanganate makutidwe ndi okosijeni. Komanso, zili organic zimasiyana, chifukwa chimene n'kovuta kupeza zofunika reagents ndende.

Pomaliza

The ultrafiltration Kakhungu amalola madzi kuti tikwaniritse chiyero chofunika ndi osachepera reactants. Zinyalala madzi angagwiritsidwe ntchito mankhwala zolinga mafakitale.

Ultrafiltration si nthawi zonse zothandiza. njira salola kuchotsa zinthu zina Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala organochlorine ndi ena chidulo humic. Zikatero, ndi Mipikisano gawo kukonza.