Mphamvu "747", mkati chiwembu, malo abwino

Pamaso pa Kubwera kwa msika European chimphona "A-380", ndege lalikulu dziko anali "747" mphamvu kuti okonzera, kukhala enieni, 2-zonyamula adzikometsa, anakwana anthu oposa 500. Monga makampani ena ndege chombo anakumana zosintha angapo, koma kusiyana kwenikweni ndi sanasinthe. Ndege lili adzikometsa 2, mphuno pachiyambi, 4 injini, ndi mphamvu yaikulu ya anthu.

The ndege anali woyamba widebody yonyamula, amene anakonzera okha katundu. Iye anayamba chaka chiyambi cha ulimi Baibulo la 737, chifukwa mu ndege wachibadidwe latsopano analephera. Komabe, si chofunika. Dziko lonse Woyang'ana chitukuko cha ndege supersonic, kotero "747" anali ndi mwayi otsala katundu ndege. Makamaka ikakhala buku la cockpit pa nsanja yachiwiri. Izo poyamba zinakonzedwa kusiya sitimayo wachiwiri kwa anthu, pamene pansi woyamba anapatsidwa kwathunthu pansi katundu chipinda. Anayi injini ndege analinso mphamvu kwambiri.

flights loyamba

Ngakhale mavuto a zachuma, woyamba lonse thupi yonyamula anavula mu 1970. Monga ndege anali kuimitsa, sitimayo chapamwamba anali utumiki, ndi okwera onse anaikidwa pa mfundo wamba ndege zina. Mphamvu "747" wa woyamba chitsanzo anali kokha 200 anthu, koma ngati ife Yerekezerani ndi 737-TH chitsanzo, linatuluka m'chaka chomwecho chaka ndi zatengedwa pa bolodi 100 anthu, likukhalira kawiri kusiyana.

Yogwira chidwi mu zapamadzi yatsopano kwambiri wolumala udindo "Concord" - ndege supersonic European: onyamula ambiri ndikusinthidwa anawalamulira ndi kampeni "747" anayamba kukula mofulumira. Pamaziko a ndege yoyamba anayamba kusindikiza ndi kuwasintha pang'ono. Woyamba anali zithandize chonyamulira Japanese, kuti anali ndi ndege yochepa osiyanasiyana. Anayankha dongosolo la Japanese zitsulo Baibulo 747-100SR. Baibulo limeneli lili ndi fuselage bwino, akasinja ang'onoang'ono, umene ndi mphamvu ndege chawonjezeka kwambiri. "Boeing 747-100SR» anatha kutenga pa bolodi 500, kenako 550 anthu. Kenako, yemweyo kusinthidwa - ndege zouluka pa osiyanasiyana pafupi, adzalandira ndi chitukuko 747-300.

zosintha zina

Ngakhale kukula malamulo a Baibulo galimotolo "Boeing" sanadzisiyira zolinga pachiyambi kwa kupanga ndege malonda. Choncho anaonekera zosintha zotsatirazi: F - chimake malonda, M - Combi ndi mwayi wakuti okwera ochepa, koma katundu B - bwino galimotoyo (kwa buku loyamba) ndi akasinja (pambuyo pake). Komanso, awiri tingachipeze powerenga "board №1» kwa ophimba pulezidenti wa US wakhala anasonkhana pa maziko a 747-200.

Kusinthidwa 200 anatumikira monga zinachitika kwa m'badwo wotsatira - 300 a, kusiyana kokha amene anali kukhala pamaso pa injini atatu mmalo mwa muyezo anayi. Koma ganizo limeneli sanapitirize - "Boeing 747-300" wakhala yatsopano zapamadzi.

"Boeing 747-300"

Imodzi mwa mbali ya ndege watsopano wakhala staircase mwachindunji ku phaka lachiwiri (m'mbuyomo mwauzimu), yaitali chapamwamba sitimayo, anaikira chuma kapena bizinesi kalasi, ndi luso zosiyanasiyana chiwerengero cha mipando. Mphamvu "Boeing 747-300" ranges kuchokera 400 (machitidwe a magulu atatu) kwa anthu 600 pamene kalasi imodzi yokha ya utumiki ntchito.

Woyamba 300 TH "Boeing" anaulukira mu 1980 ndipo mofulumira anakhala mmodzi wa kaŵirikaŵiri ntchito. Isanafike 2005 (oyambirira-kutali "A-380"), kusinthidwa izi ankaona chitsanzo zabwino zazikulu kuleza zapamadzi, koma anasonyeza zovuta kwambiri.

mavuto opaleshoni

Pamodzi ndi kuchuluka m'basimo ankavutika ntchito. Yaikulu "747" imene ikukula mofulumira mphamvu, adaleka mogwirizana ndi magawo a ndege ya. Komanso anayi galimoto ndi mpikisano atatu ndege mtundu DC-10 anatanthauza mkulu mafuta. Ndi isanayambike mavuto mu 1970, makampani ambiri anakana ntchito ndi chitsanzo 747-TH, chifukwa chosapindulitsa ake. Ngati ife kukumbukira kuti pa nthawi yomweyo analowa msika, "767" ndi "Airbus 300" (onse ndi injini awiri), pasanapite nthawi analanda msika ndege lonse amphamvu, ndi TH 747 anakhala m'malo awo. Ngakhale mphamvu ya ndege "Boeing 747" anali mmodzi wa ndege lalikulu loyamba anayamba kubwereza Baibulo ili mu Baibulo katundu, ndipo kenako chabe kugulitsa.

Ndege ndege wautali kwambiri kuposa

Ndipo mwina ndege ina nafuna adatsikira ku mbiriyakale, koma kuti chiwerengero cha okwera analola kukula kukhalabe m'gulu la ndege kalasi "747". Kukhoza m'basimo zapamadzi zinakwaniritsa udzafunidwa UK ndi Japan, osanenapo chakuti ndege amenewa angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa wautali kwambiri kuposa ndege intercontinental kapena pa mizere mkulu katundu.

Tsogolo la 747-TH lachitsanzo

Ndi chitukuko cha ndege, onyamula ambiri pali kufunika mu mwayi wa flights yaitali popanda refueling, mogwirizana ndi zimene kutukula kamodzinso ananyamula "747". Mphamvu okwera Mabaibulo latsopano anafikira anthu 800. Osiyanasiyana ndege mogwirizana ndi mfundo kale anamasulidwa zitsanzo 747-400. Koma posachedwapa ndege 747-500 ndi ntchito 747-600 anapita Archive lapansi. Onyamula ngati ndege yatsopano m'malo kukulitsa ndi chimodzi. Komabe, pa kutukula 747th musaiwale: izo bwino anatsekula, anatseka, kachiwiri bwino anatsekula. Mpaka 2005. Pambuyo pake, "787", ndi Corporation analengeza "747" chitsanzo kubwerera. The makina atsopano alandira malamulo dzina "The Boeing 747-8" kapena mwaukadauloZida.

Onyamula, pokumbukira bwino n'ngwokayikitsa Mabaibulo loyamba la 747, poyamba analamula 109 magalimoto - magawo atatu a iwo mu kulembetsa anthu. Ena chofunika mu katundu chimake. Total 121 makina kuzindikira kuti tsiku. Mphamvu "Boeing 747-8" osati zidzasintha - anthu 581 ntchito makalasi 2 utumiki. Pamene ntchito makalasi utumiki atatu (ndi Kuwonjezera a kalasi loyamba) mipando kusanduka 400.

malo Top

Nkhaniyi ikusonyeza lililonse atatu kalasi Kamangidwe ndege ndege "Lufthansa" (Germany). The zapamadzi ali ndi malo ochepa kalasi yoyamba - pansi pake pansi cockpit, ndi mipando 80 mu kalasi malonda ndi pafupifupi 300 mipando mu chuma. The munkalowa a "Boeing 747-8" mu dongosolo limeneli 386 mipando.

Pa kalasi yoyamba ya madandaulo sizinali - zambiri danga, iwo angathe bwinobwino tizikhala okwera, aliyense mpando ndi chophimba chanu. Kenako inali kutsogolo lotulukira, mabafa ndi mipiringidzo akamwe zoziziritsa kukhosi. Mzere woyamba wa mipando m'kalasi malonda ndipo ngakhale lalikulu, koma kuthamangira ku kugawa chomwe ndi zimbudzi ndi khitchini kuti angalenge ena mavuto. Armchairs 9C ndi 9H ndi umakhala pafupi kanjira ndi zimbudzi. mavuto amenewa ayenera kuyembekezera ndi okwera 81 TH ndi 88 TH mndandanda (pansi chachiwiri, zakuti loyamba ndi lomaliza). Chakhumi mzere okwera adzakhala ndi ndege lonse kuyang'ana kugawa pamaso pake, zimene Inde, ndithu wovuta. Yakugulu ndi anthu 6 mu mzere, pamene gawo lawo mipita awiri.

Cheap akuyamba ndi chiwerengero cha mizere 16 ndi 18. pamanja mndandanda ali mipando 6 okha. Popeza kuti palibe wodutsa kutsogolo kwa iwo, anthu a zino ndi mipata yokwanira kupezeka, ndipo iwo satero chiopsezo kupeza nokha ku msampha analenga zinachitika mpando atakhala kutsogolo kwa munthu. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi gawo pakati pa mzere 18. chiwerengero cha makumi awiri ili pafupi ndi kuchoka mwadzidzidzi - ichi anafotokoza kupanda mawindo. Apaulendo mu gawo pakati ija sangathe kutenga malo yopingasa, monga kumbuyo khoma la chimbudzi cha. 21-22-TH mizere chobwereza dongosolo la mizere awerenge 16-18, kupatula mu mzere 21 TH mipando onse anayi, osati wokhala ndi mpanda wolimba kumbali ndi enawo. Palinso malo ambiri chifukwa miyendo, ndi drawback yekha: angapo lotulukira mwadzidzidzi. Chigawo pakati, ndicho 32 33th mzere ndi kumbuyo khoma, choncho sangathe kumasuka ndi pogona. mipando yonse ya 34 TH mndandanda ali kutsogolo kwa kugawa, chifukwa cha zimene zikhoza kukhala malo kakang'ono. mizere 45-47-TH ali mu mchira wa ndege, choncho pakhoza kukhala kupsinjidwa. Osauka kwambiri n'zotheka dzina mzere 49 TH, monga kuipa tamutchula uja, kwathunthu pano mu gawo lino.

Pomaliza

Mphamvu "747" Sinthani ku Baibulo kuti Baibulo, koma, malinga ndi onyamula ndi ogwiritsa mwachindunji la ndegeyo, ngakhale kuti kumafuna nkhuni, koma pa ndege transcontinental wolungama. Akuluakulu chitsimikiziro ikhale ndege British Airways, wagula pa mavuto American yaikulu kwambiri "747" ali ndi mphamvu anthu mpaka 500. chiwerengero cha kalasi ya makina mu zombo kampani panopa waima pa mayunitsi 57.