Ndege "Airbus A350": mkati chiwembu, mbali ndi ndemanga

Chimodzi mwa zitsanzo atsopano a ndege masiku ano ndege, "Airbus A350". Iye ndiye chimake cha mfundo zapamwamba za ukachenjede. Koma, ndithudi, yonyamula, ngakhale ubwino bwino pa mpikisano, ali ndi zovuta zake. Tiyeni tikambirane za mbiri ya chitukuko cha ndege, "Airbus A350", fotokozani makhalidwe waukulu luso, komanso kuphunzira ndemanga loyamba Apaulendo ndi akatswiri.

mzere ndege "Airbus"

Koma poyamba tiyeni tikambirane za masanjidwe wa zonyamula zoyendera mpweya ndege yapachiweniweni singaimitse ntchitoyi "Airbus" kampani, chitsanzo komaliza kwa gulu ili la ndege ali basi "Airbus A350".

The French kampani "Airbus" anakhazikitsidwa mu 1970 ndi merging opanga angapo aviamashin. Kuchokera pa chiyambi wake, ndi limodzi mwa osewera waukulu mu msika. Iwo ukugwira kupanga zida zonse zaboma ndi asilikali.

Kuchokera pa chiyambi chake, "Airbus" analowa kulimbana kupanikizidwa ndi wamphamvu pa nthawi ya olimba American "Boeing" mu boma msika ndege. Ndipo, ndiyenera kunena, mikangano imeneyi sanali sizinatheke. Kale ndege yoyamba, anamasulidwa nkhawa European mu 1972 (A300), anthu otchuka pakati ndege. The yonyamula latsopano anali yoyamba amapasa-injini lonse thupi ndege, ndiko, ndi amathamanga awiri pakati pa mipando galimotolo. Mu 1974 iye anavomereza kuti ntchito yaikulu French mpweya chonyamulira Air France ndi ntchito lero.

Pambuyo amasulidwe zitsanzo zotsatirazi ndege: A310, A320, A330, A340, A380. Komanso, A320 mzere, pamodzi ndi banja la "737", panopa ndi wotchuka kwambiri mu dziko.

Otsiriza mmodzi watsopano linatulutsidwa mu 2013, "Airbus A350". Za iye, ndipo tikambirana zina.

Mbiri

Creation latsopano ndege chonyamulira "Airbus" zinakonzedwa monga kuyankha kutulutsidwa kwa bungweli "Boeing" ndege 777 (1994) ndi kulengeza ntchito ya Boeing-787 (woyambirira - 2004). Otsiriza anali pabwino monga ndege kwambiri ndalama m'dziko kalasi ake.

Poyankha, "Airbus anakonza kumasula bwino ndi zambiri yosafuna buku la A330, ukuitanira izo A330-200 Lite. Kuti ndalama chapatsogolo mu chitukuko cha chitsanzo ichi, chimene nayamba kulankhula ndi ofanana mu 2004 pamene polojekiti "787" wakhala ukulengezedwa.

Koma kunapezeka mu ndondomeko kapangidwe ndi cholinga chofunika kusintha ofunika. Kotero izo zinali mu 2006, analengeza za kukhazikitsidwa kwa ntchito watsopano, amatchedwa "Airbus A350 XWB". Kalata otsiriza waima Kuwonjezera Lonse Lolamulira limene linamasuliridwa mu njira Russian "kopitilira muyeso lonse fuselage." Nthawi yomweyo, ananeneratu kuti ndege latsopano adzakhala ndalama zambiri kwa mafuta kuposa "787" ndi ndalama yokonza yake idzakhala poyerekeza 8%.

The ndondomeko ya kulenga

Choncho, mu 2006 anakhala poyambira polenga zonyamula wautali kwambiri kuposa ndege lonse thupi ndi injini awiri, "Airbus A350".

Kwenikweni, chitukuko sanatenge nthawi kwambiri, mochuluka bwanji nthawi anafunika kupanga ndege mu kalasi ake. Zinatha zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti mu ndondomeko ya ntchito akubweretsa osachepera kusintha kandalama ndondomeko ija, ndi chilakolako kampani kumasula, pomaliza, mpikisano woyenera kuyamba ndi 2009 mafunde malo mpweya "787".

Kumapeto kwa 2012 pansi nambala siriyo wa MSN1 ndege kuti anali kuwatumiza kwa shopu msonkhano. Mu zaka za m'ma 2013 zinandipangitsa mayeso ake choyamba ndege, ndipo kuyambira chiyambi cha 2015, woyamba zonse zonyamula yonyamula A350 anayamba.

zosintha

Tikumbukenso kuti chitsanzo ichi chinali kamodzi atatu Mabaibulo: ndi A350 - 800, A350 - 900 ndipo A350 - 1000.

"The Airbus A350 - 800" inayambanso mu 2014. Mkati ake lakonzedwa kunyamula m'basimo 270, ndipo ndege osiyanasiyana makilomita 15.700. Ichi ndi kusinthidwa ndi fuselage adzafupikitsidwa.

"The Airbus A350 - 900" anaikidwa kugwira ntchito mu chaka chomwecho. Landirani anthu okwana 314 icho chinali, koma mtunda kuti iye akanakhoza kuwuluka, anali pang'ono pokha - 15 000 Km. Izo kusinthidwa imeneyi akuti ndi m'munsi.

"Airbus A350 - 1000" anapanga yokonzedweratu wosapitirira ndege mu 2015 chokha. Mphamvu okwera ake 350 ndipo ndege osiyanasiyana - 14 800 Km. chitsanzo ichi ali fuselage elongated (poyerekeza ndi m'mene ziriri pano).

Kuti titumikire maina onse zosintha chofunika kwa oyendetsa awiri.

makhalidwe luso

Tsopano, tiyeni tiphunzire zambiri za kapangidwe ndi makhalidwe luso la ndege, "Airbus A350".

Lachitsanzo zofunika ali ndi kutalika kwa 66,8 m, ndi kusinthidwa - 60,5 mamita ndi 73,8 m, motero. Wingspan -. 64 mamita Msinkhu wa zosintha ndege ndi 16,9 m, ndi ntchito mapiko m'dera - 443 mamita ^2.

Mbali yaikulu ya kapangidwe latsopano "Airbus" ndi tichipeza oposa 50% ya zipangizo gulu, amene alumphe chizindikiro chomwecho cha "Boeing 787". Komanso mu A350 ankagwiritsa ntchito saber nsonga za mapiko, zomwe sizinachitikepo ntchito pa zitsanzo zina za bungweli "Airbus".

zosintha zonse ndegeyo zili ndi injini awiri Trent XWB, amene angathe liwiro pamwamba 945 Km / h. Komanso, ndegeyo kitted wothandiza injini Honeywell HGT1700.

kanyumba ndi

Aliyense wa zosintha ndege kanyumba ali magulu atatu a chitonthozo: kalasi yoyamba, ntchito ndi chuma. Mwachibadwa, aliyense wa iwo pali kusiyana kwambiri mlingo wa utumiki ndi chitonthozo. Apaulendo, zoopseza awo ndalama ndi zosowa zina, akhoza kusankha magulu atatu akufuna mu "Airbus A350". Ndege kanyumba chiwembu zikusonyezedwa chithunzi m'munsimu.

Palibe ndege chokwanira popanda cockpit mu dziko. Izi ndi mfundo imene kulamulira ndege m'ndege. Zashuga "Airbus A350" ali okonzeka ndi yodzaza, analengedwa ndi luso lamakono, amene amalola kuyendetsa onse pamanja ndi thandizo la Autopilot lapansi.

Reviews m'basimo ndi akatswiri

Tsopano tiyeni mudziwe maganizo wakhala anapanga za ndege yatsopano pa okwera chake choyamba ndi akatswiri.

Ambiri mwa makasitomala a kampani pali kuchuluka kanyumba chitonthozo poyerekeza ndi zitsanzo zina "Airbus", komanso chapadera ndege softness, popanda matumba mpweya ndi mavuto ena ang'ono.

Akatswiri kutsindika kuti ndege yatsopano ndiyedi yonyamula kwambiri ndalama za kalasi ake. Pakati pa kuipa ofufuza kutsogolera taonera kukwera mtengo kwa kupanga makina, ndipo mogwirizana ndi kugulitsa mtengo wake. Choncho, zatsopano French ndege dziko msika, malingana ndi kusinthidwa, ndi ku madola 260,9 miliyoni 340,7. Yerekezerani ndi "787" Akuti kukhala pakati $ 218,3 miliyoni 297,5. Koma ndalama mafuta ndi kukonza kuvumbitsira kuposa recoup kusiyana ntchito nthawi yaitali. Pakati kuperewera kwa taonera msinkhu bwino automaticity anira, ngakhale zina zikhoza kuganiziridwa ndiponso ulemu.

Komabe, ambiri a akatswiri a dzikoli kupereka ziyenera zabwino za yonyamula "Airbus A350" ambiri.

ziyembekezo

Panopa "Airbus A350" chimatengedwa ngati kwambiri ndalama ndiponso ndilotsika mtengo kukhalabe yonyamula a kalasi ake. Malinga specifications izo amene anaposa mpikisano waukulu - "787". Tsopano ife kudikira kuti njira zimene kampani American ndi kuona chozizwitsa zipangizo zamakono kuti adzatha kutsutsa odana ake European.

makhalidwe mkulu zachuma kukwaniritsa wamkulu watsopano French kufunika ndege kuchokera ndege chitsogozo cha dziko. Choncho, pa nthawi alipo kale malamulo ntchito yobweretsa mayunitsi 764 a ndege kuchokera 39 ndege. Pakati pawo, monga kampani Qatari Qatar Airways, Vietnam Vietnam Airlines, Finnair Chifinishi, Chipwitikizi Dinani Portugal, ndi Spanish dera la Iberia. "Airbus A350", umene kanyumba chiwembu maximizes zonyamula kugawa chuma zosiyanasiyana chuma, ndi mphamvu - kupulumutsa pa ndege zina Ndithu kusangalala ndi zina wotchuka ndi makasitomala monga silidzachotsedwa zotsutsana ndi mpikisano woyenera.

Koma chitukuko cha luso alibe kuima, ndi zikamera a ndege yatsopano ndi khalidwe zambiri apamwamba ndi makhalidwe zachuma - si nkhani kwa nthawi.