Lero tikambirana za momwe tingakhalire makina a Ubuntu. Ndondomekoyi ili ndi zipangizo zingapo zofanana. Makamaka ayenera kupatsidwanso poyang'anira makanema pogwiritsa ntchito mzere wa lamulo.
Ethernet Interfaces
Choyamba, kukhazikitsa makina a Ubuntu ndikumagwira ntchito ndi lusoli. Ethernet interfaces mu dongosolo amatchulidwa ethX. Pankhaniyi, X ndi nambala yeniyeni. Kawirikawiri, yoyamba Ethernet mawonekedwe amatchulidwa eth0. Chiwerengero cha zonse zomwe zikutsatira chikuwonjezeka ndi chimodzi. Kuti mudziwe mwamsanga zonse zomwe zilipo pa intaneti, mungagwiritse ntchito lamulo la ifconfig.
Palinso njira ina. Ntchito ina yomwe ingathandize kuzindikira malo omwe alipo ndi intaneti ndi lamulo lachidule. Mu Ubuntu, kukonza makanema kuchokera ku console ndi njirayi ikukuthandizani kuti mupeze nambala yolumikizira, uthenga wa basi, chidziwitso cha dalaivala, ndi mndandanda wa zinthu zothandizira. Maina olondola a zofunikira interfaces akhoza kufotokozedwa mu file.rules file.
Pitani ku gawo lotsatira. Ngati kuli kofunikira kupeza kuti mapulogalamu amalandira dzina loyenera, timapeza chingwe chomwe chimagwirizana ndi maadiresi a MAC a chinthu ichi. Sinthani mtengo wa NAME = ethX. Tchulani dzina lofunika logwirizana. Timadula katunduyo kuti tigwiritse ntchito kusintha. Pali pulogalamu yapadera Ethtool, yomwe imasintha ndi kuwonetsera makonzedwe a khadi la makanema, pakati pa ntchito Yake-on-LAN, maulendo obwereza maulendo, maulendo oyendetsa galimoto komanso kukambirana. Chida ichi sichiyikidwa poyamba, koma chikupezeka mu zolembera. Zosintha zopangidwa ndi lamulo la Ethtool ndizanthawi. Iwo adzathetsedwa pamene dongosolo likubwezeretsedwanso. Ngati mukufuna kusunga makonzedwe awa, yonjezerani lamulo lofanana la Ethtool, kuwonjezera pa fayilo yoyamba ya fayilo ya interfaces. Yankho lofotokozedwa limagwira ntchito osati zowonjezera, koma ndi zina zomwe mungachite, mwachitsanzo, DHCP.
Kutumiza kwa IP
Pachigawo chotsatira, makonzedwe a mawonekedwe a Ubuntu akugwirizana kwambiri ndi mapulogalamu a IP, komanso chipatala. Khwerero ili ndi lofunika pokonzekera mgwirizano wamba, komanso kupeza intaneti. Kuti tithe kukhazikitsa kanthawi kochepa, timagwiritsa ntchito malamulo amodzi: njira, ifconfig ndi ip. Zotsatirazi zidzasintha magawo ndi ntchito yawo yomweyo. Komabe, makonzedwe apachifukwachi adzathetsedwa pambuyo poyambiranso. Ngati mukufuna DNS zoyenera pa kukonza kwa kanthawi, onjezerani ma intaneti pa seva ya resolv.conf. Kawirikawiri, kukonza nkhaniyi sikunakonzedwe, koma izi ndizovomerezeka ngati mwasintha kanthawi. Ngati magawowa sakufunikiranso, pezani zonse zosungira mawonekedwe pogwiritsira ntchito ip ipangizo ndizowonjezereka. Kukonzanso kasinthidwe pogwiritsa ntchito njira yofotokozedwa sikuyeretsa zomwe zili mu resolv.conf. Kuti tikwaniritse izi, timachotsa kapena kusinthasintha malemba ofanana. Mungathe kubwezeretsanso, motero resolv.conf idzalembedweratu.
DHCP Wogula
Kenako, tikuyenera kukonza makina a Ubuntu Server. Kuti mukonzeke seva kuti mugwire ntchito ndi DHCP ndikupatseni maadiresi othandizira, tikuwonjezera njira yoyenera ku gawo la adiresi ya inet yomwe imayenera kuyankhulidwa mu chipangizo cha interfaces. Kenako, gwiritsani ntchito lamulo la ifup. Idzawathandiza mawonekedwewo ndikuyambitsa DHCP kudzera pa dhclient. Pitani ku gawo lotsatira. Ngati panthawi ina Ubuntu Server Network Configuration ikufuna kuti mulepheretse kulemba mawonekedwe, gwiritsani ntchito lamulo loperewera. Icho chidzayambitsa ndondomeko yakuletsa chinthucho ndi kumasula DHCP.
Kusankhidwa kwamuyaya
Tsopano tizakambirana momwe tingakhalire makanema a Ubuntu ngati ali ndi adilesi ya IP. Timaonjezera njira yowonjezera ku gawo la inet la mawonekedwe enieni mu chipangizo cha interfaces. Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo la ifup. Ikuthandizani kuti mutsegule mawonekedwewo. Kuti musiyetse, gwiritsani ntchito lamulo loperewera. Chinthu chodziwika bwino cha loopback chimatanthauzidwa ndi dongosolo monga lo. Mwachikhazikitso, imayika phindu la aderesi 127.0.0.1. Ikhoza kuwonetsedwa ndi lamulo la ifconfig. Poyamba, pali mizere iwiri mu chipangizo cha interfaces chomwe chimayambitsa kukhazikitsa loopback muzowonongeka. Timasiya magawowa mu mawonekedwe oyambirira, mpaka pali zifukwa zomveka zoyenera kuwongolera. Chinthu chotsatira ndicho kudziwa adilesi ya IP yochokera ku dzina la alendo. Choncho, mungathe kuchepetsa kudziwika kwazinthu.
Kotero ife tinalingalira momwe tingakhalire maukonde mu Ubuntu 14. 04. Bukuli likuyeneranso kumasulira kwina kwadongosolo la ntchito.