The ASCII, m'nkhaniyi: kufotokoza, tebulo ya zizindikiro ndi mitundu

Monga amadziwika, kompyuta zimasunga zambiri mu mawonekedwe bayinare, kupereka monga ndondomeko ya anthu ndi maziro. Kumasulira nkhani mu mawonekedwe abwino anthu mowa, aliyense ndondomeko yapadera manambala pamene anali kusonyeza m'malo ndi khalidwe lolinganiza.

Mmodzi wa malumikizanidwe machitidwe bayinare zizindikiro kusindikiza ndi zilembo kupewa ASCII.

Pa mlingo panopa chitukuko makompyuta wosuta sayenera kudziwa malamulo lililonse chizindikiro makamaka. Komabe, kumvetsetsa anthu za mmene 'kala' ikusonyeza imachitidwa, ndi zothandiza kwambiri, ndipo ena Magulu a akatswiri ndi zonse zofunikira.

Pangani ASCII

Mu mawonekedwe yoyambirira ya 'kala' ikusonyeza izo anayamba kupanga mu 1963 ndi zaka ndiye kuti 25 kawiri kusinthidwa.

Mu buku loyambirira la tebulo khalidwe ASCII zikuphatikizapo zilembo 128, kenako anaonekera anawonjezera Baibulo, kumene woyamba zilembo 128 adzapulumutsidwa zizindikiro zogwirira zizindikiro chitatu pang'ono Anakaligawa kale kwina.

Kwa zaka zambiri, kabisidwe ichi ndi wotchuka kwambiri mu dziko. Mu 2006 malo kutsogolera anatenga Latin mu 1252, ndipo kumapeto kwa 2007 ndipo panopa ali ndi udindo kutsogolera mwamphamvu Unicode.

chifaniziro Computer ASCII

Aliyense ASCII-khalidwe ali kachidindo yake ongokhala otchulidwa 8, woimira ziro kapena wina. The mlingo wa mavoti amenewa ndi ziro (eyiti ziro mu dongosolo bayinare), ndilo gwero la chinthu choyamba tebulo.

Zolemba malire bayinare malamulo ndi Baibulo ASCII la apachiyambi ndi null + mayunitsi zisanu ndi ziwiri, ndipo mu Baibulo yaitali - mayunitsi eyiti, chikugwirizana monga pokha chitatu.

otchulidwa ulamuliro

otchulidwa Control amatchedwa zizindikiro amene alibe chizindikiro mawonekedwe ndi ntchito gulu la lemba, kasamalidwe chipangizo, etc. Iwo zingasonyeze chiyambi kapena mapeto a malemba, totsegulira, kupoletsa phokoso chizindikiro ntchito zosiyanasiyana TTY (teletype - .. Machine kwa HIV deta magetsi njira) Maganizo a deta chipangizo linanena bungwe, etc. Kulipira kanthu.

Mu tebulo khalidwe ASCII udindo 0 mpaka 31, ndi 127 zigwire kwa zilembo kulamulira. Total 33 zizindikiro.

Makhalidwe otsala

Otsala 95 maudindo akusungidwira zizindikiro zopumira ndi ntchito masamu, manambala decimal, zilembo, osiyana m'kaundula: "A" ndi likulu "A" yopingasa zizigwirizana zizindikiro zosiyana mu tebulo khalidwe ASCII.

manambala khalidwe tebulo

Ngati munthu chinkhoswe mu mapulogalamu chitukuko, kapena kuchita zina ntchito zina ku munda wa sayansi zambiri, m'pofunika kudziwa chiwerengero cha nambala ya zilembo ASCII.

Monga tanena udindo wa 0-31 ndi 127 kutenga otchulidwa kulamulira. Number 32 amagwira ntchito danga, chiwerengero 33-47, ndipo 58-64 akusungidwira zopumira ndi masamu zofunika ntchito.

Latin likulu makalata anakonza kuti afabeti ndipo anawerengedwa kuyambira TH 65 TH 90. zilembo Lowercase ali analinganiza kuti afabeti, maudindo awo - kuchokera TH 97 mpaka TH 122. Manambala otsala (91-96 ndi 123-126) anatumizidwa ku m'mabokosi ndi braces, oblique ndi molunjika mbali, komanso ena mudapholiwa diacritical.

Full tebulo zizindikiro mu chifaniziro yabwino mawonekedwe Tingaone mu chifanizo pamwamba. chithunzi m'munsimu limasonyeza chiwerengero cha zizindikiro Russian tebulo khalidwe ASCII.

Ena ASCII

Popeza Baibulo yoyambirira ya 'kala' ikusonyeza anali otukuka, zochokera membala American, kumeneko chaperekedwa kwa mitundu osati osiyanasiyana kulemba ndi alifabeti dziko, koma ngakhale ntchito yabwino ya diacritics, Mwakhama ntchito mu zilankhulo za ku Ulaya.

8 pang'ono wachita mapangidwe a kabisidwe yaitali. Baibulo Izi zikuphatikizapo zizindikiro za alifabeti dziko European ndi phonetic galamafoniyo, zinthu fanizo ntchito matebulo zojambula, nambala ya zizindikiro masamu.

Ena ASCII-otchulidwa kawirikawiri ntchito lero. Makamaka zimenezi zikugwira ntchito kwa anthu otchulidwa kuti ntchito kudzatunga matebulo, monga m'zaka citukuko ca kabisidwe yaitali, kwambiri njira yabwino wa mavoti mawonekedwe a matebulo akhala anayambitsa.

National mitundu kabisidwe

Pamaso pa Kubwera kwa ASCII anawonjezera Baibulo kusonyeza otchulidwa mayiko ntchito remanufactured Baibulo 'kala' ikusonyeza, komwe ikani makalata Latin anaikidwa Russian, Greek, anthu Arabic.

zizindikiro ziwiri tebulo akusungidwira kusintha pakati pa muyezo US-ASCII ndipo cholinga chake cha dziko.

Pambuyo ASCII zinafika zikuphatikizapo 128 ndi 256, kufalikira kwa Yankho 'kala' ikusonyeza, imene Baibulo choyambirira pa tebulo wapulumutsidwa mu zizindikiro 128 choyamba ndi ziro 8 pang'ono. Zizindikiro mabuku dziko kusungidwa mu theka kumtunda kwa tebulo (128-255-TH udindo).

Kudziwa zizindikiro khalidwe mwachindunji ASCII wosuta si chofunika. Mapulogalamu mapulogalamu imakhala yokwanira kudziwa chiwerengero cha amafotokozera mu tebulo kuwerengera code, ngati n'koyenera, pogwiritsa ntchito dongosolo bayinare.

Chirasha

Potsatira chitukuko oyambirira 70 ntchentche wa encodings kwa zilankhulo Scandinavia, Chinese, Korea, Greek, etc., Kupanga Baibulo awo pachibwenzi ndi la Soviet Union. Posakhalitsa ndinayamba Baibulo la 8-bit kabisidwe otchedwa KOI8, kupulumutsa woyamba 128 zizindikiro khalidwe ASCII ndi allocates pa nambalayi udindo pansi zilembo za alifabeti dziko ndi zilembo zina.

Pamaso kumayambiriro Unicode KOI8 chogwidwa mu Russian gawo pa Intaneti. Panali mitundu kabisidwe kwa Russian, ndi zilembo Chiyukireniya.

mavuto ASCII

Popeza chiwerengero cha zinthu ngakhale tebulo yaitali si upambana 256, n'zotheka nyumba ndi kabisidwe umodzi angapo zolembedwa osiyana kwina. Mu 90s panali vuto RuNet "Pepa, zinyalala" pamene lemba ankayimira otchulidwa Russian ASCII anasonyeza molondola.

vuto panali kulakwika kwa zizindikiro za kusankha zinthu ASCII mzake. Kumbukirani kuti udindo 128-255 akhoza adzaikidwa zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana, ndipo pamene inu kusintha limodzi Chisililiki khalidwe anapereka kwa mzake, makalata onse a m'lemba anali m'malo ndi anthu ena kukhala ndi zofanana chiwerengero mu zizindikiro wina Baibulo.

zikuchitika

Mkubwela kwa Unicode ASCII kutchuka chazirala.

Chifukwa cha ichi kwagona watsopano waika khalidwe analola kuti muli zizindikiro za m'zinenero pafupifupi onse olembedwa. Pankhaniyi, woyamba 128 otchulidwa ASCII zogwirizana ndi chikhalidwe chomwecho Unicode.

Mu 2000, anali wotchuka kwambiri ASCII-yosiyanasiyana pa Internet ndi ntchito ndi 60% wa osanjidwa "Google" intaneti. Pofika 2012 chiwerengero cha masamba amenewa ali amagwa 17%, ndi malo a kabisidwe wotchuka anatenga Unicode (UTF-8).

Choncho, ASCII ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri ya mbiri ya sayansi zambiri, koma ntchito zake m'tsogolo zikuwoneka unpromising.