Ndi malipiro a chombo pa Dziko Lapansi ndipo mu kanjira chiyani?

Khalani wokayenda pamwezi loto la anyamata ambiri ndipo ngakhale atsikana. Koma ichi chikondi dziko kwa iwo sadzachitanso kuzikwaniritsa. Pa njira, akonzedwa okhwima ofuna ikuchitika mu kanjira, osati Russia komanso padziko lonse.

Ntchito mu kanjira ndi zovuta, muyenera kukhala labwino olimba ndiponso kupirira. Chimodzi mwa ukatswiri wolimba mtima kumatanthauza zinthu zosiyanasiyana. choipa ichi ndipo milandu kumene kuopseza mwachindunji thanzi ndi moyo, inu muyenera kukhala maganizo kwambiri ndi tcheru.

General zokhudza ntchito mu malo

Mu zikhalidwe ndiwachabe kwa kuthamanga dontho zonse overloading ndi zina si aliyense angathe kumva bwino ndipo nthawi yomweyo kugwira ntchito zofunika. Kutheka ndege danga zikuwoneka yosangalatsa kwambiri, koma zikwi ofuna akuphunzitsidwa pansi chokha ntchentche imodzi mu kanjira. Wokayenda pamwezi ntchito ndi chimodzi cha chidwi kwambiri ndi woopsa, ambiri kufunsa, "Kodi malipiro a chombo chiyani?", Chifukwa Ndithu ayenera kukhala wamakhalidwe.

Ambiri anyamata ndi pambuyo kukula sasiya loto za mmene kupeza malo nyenyezi, mosasamala kanthu za chiopsezo ndi kuvuta ntchito. Koma pa nthawi yomweyo, iwo kuganizira zimene mungayembekezere kulipira.

mabungwe danga la dziko

Kodi chombo ambiri amalandira zimadalira bungwe limene ntchito, zinachitikira ndi mkulu. Mabungwe ambiri otchuka m'dzikoli:

1. Russian Space Agency - "Roskosmos".
2. US - NASA.
3. Europe - ESA.
4. Canada - CSA.
5. Japan - JAXA.
6. China - CNSA.

Osati bungwe lirilonse adzakhala okonzeka kulankhula za mmene kulipira ogwira ntchito ake, monga Japanese ndi Chinese. Mfundozi wabisika kwa akunja. Komabe, ndi chodziwikiratu kuti munthu ali kukayikira kulikonse mu antchito olemera m'mayiko amenewa mwachilungamo anayamba ndi olemera. Ndi angati analipira akatswiri zouluka m'mlengalenga, mukhoza kuona chitsanzo cha mayiko ena otukuka.

The malipilo a opita yachilendo

ndi malipiro a chombo m'mayiko osiyanasiyana chiyani? Chombo ntchito mu bungwe US NASA, amalipidwa malinga ndi Choyenereza kwa GS-11 (m'mene ziriri pano) kuti GS 14 (mlingo wokweretsa). Chombo ndi gulu loyamba amalandira pachaka $ 66,000, ndi Choyenereza apamwamba - mpaka $ 155.000 pachaka. Komanso, mlingo wa ndalama chombo ntchito pa Dziko Lapansi, ndi osiyana kwambiri kwa malipiro alandira, kukhala mu kanjira. Ndi 170 000 $.

The European Space Agency ESA amapanga ndalama kwa wogwira ntchito molingana ndi malamulo. Kwa chaka cha chombo anaikidwa kuti gulu A2 ndipo analipira chaka malipiro € 59.000. Pambuyo danga ndege Choyenereza liukitsidwa kuti A4, ndi malipiro pachaka wa € 79.000. Izi kuchokera 6500 kuti $ 10 000 pamwezi.

Mu boma la Canada CSA bungwe ukugwira wokayenda pamwezi ziwiri zokha, ndipo simunayambe anawulukira. Revenue mu kampani wapatsidwa m'magawo atatu. Canada kulandira osachepera $ 80,000 pa chaka, pazipita - $ 160 000.

Malipiro Russian cosmonaut

A malipiro abwino kwa ntchito yoopsa Russian opita awo angayembekezere, kukhala mu kanjira. Flight nthawi ndi pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, imene ndalama nthawi anazindikira kuchuluka kwa $ ku 130 000 150 000. Kuwerengetsa zimene malipiro a chombo azipeza mu chaka, n'kosavuta. malipiro pachaka Pankhaniyi akuti $ 300 000, koma "danga" nthawi iri kutali wamba.

Ngati Tikayerekeza pafupifupi mwezi malipiro a Mabwana Oyang'anira pakati pa Moscow amene ali kunyumba ndi banja lake komanso nthawi zonse ntchito m'mikhalidwe bata (100 000), n'zotheka kujambula zinthu zina. Ndipo ngati ife tikufanizira mochuluka bwanji ndi chombo ndi zisudzo otchuka, mpikisanowo, amene malipilo si masamu zaka masauzande ambiri ndi mamilioni a madola, tiyenera kuganizira. Malipiro a akatswiri, ogwira ntchito mu dziko, kangapo zosakwana chombo cha kulowa kanjira, ndi nthawi ya maola womaliza 8.

Monga ntchito, pali zowonjezera, 13 malipiro, mabonasi, yowonjezera. Mwachikulu kuweruza khalidwe la moyo ndi index, kodi malipiro a chombo mwezi tanthauzo. Kusiyana apa anamva osati kapangidwe ka malipilo, ndalama zina ndi misonkho.

US nzika ali kulipira limanena kwambiri za inshuwalansi. Nyumba mu Cologne adzakhala kwambiri mtengo kuposa Mwachitsanzo, mu Texas. Chinachake mitengo Russian kangapo kuposa mu US, chinachake - ndi kwambiri m'munsi. Choncho, ambiri wokayenda pamwezi malipiro mu Russia akuti ndi yabwino kwambiri. ntchito wokayenda pamwezi lachindunji ndithu ndi zovuta, koma amapereka maloto, ndi pamaso poyesa kumasulira, muyenera kuganizira kawiri.