Mitundu maganizo. Kuganizira zowoneka-ogwira - ziri ...

Kuganiza, monga ndondomeko zovuta za kulingalira ndi chidziwitso cha chowonadi ndi gwero la zinthu zatsopano, munthu wotero sikungalowe zinachitikira mwachindunji. maganizo ano, luso kuthetsa zinthu zovuta ndi kusamalira mfundo umboni, zapita kutali mapangidwe. Kuganizira zowoneka-ogwira - ndi woyamba chibadwa, gawo loyambirira la chitukuko.

kaganizidwe

Ubongo wa munthu zonse amalandira dziko lakunja ndi amangomvera ndalama yaikulu zambiri. processing Izi zimachitika ngati m'magawo awiri: pa mlingo wa cognition mwachindunji chipangizo (kumverera ndi maganizo) ndi pa mlingo wa kaganizidwe.

Kuyambira losavuta kwenikweni kuzindikira maganizo chimasiyanitsa zina. "Mkhalapakati" mu ndondomeko maganizo angathe kutumikira mafano (zithunzi, Makutu, chogwirika, etc ...) Ndipo zizindikiro - mawu limaphunzitsa.

Zithunzi-yogwira maganizo - ndi mtundu wachilendo wa ndondomeko chidziwitso, m'menemo "intermediaries" ntchito zinthu za dziko zakuthupi. Ichi ndi kusiyana kwake Mkhalidwe mitundu ina maganizo. Maganizo amenewa amatchedwanso sensorimotor posonyeza Choncho ubwenzi wake ndi malo imalandira ndi galimoto.

Mlingo wokweretsa maganizo imatengedwa mu mfundo umboni, mwa cilamulo, amene ndi umboni mu chirengedwe. Koma palibe ngakhale munthu kwambiri nzeru otukuka sakuganiza yekha mu mawu limaphunzitsa. The ndondomeko ya cognition zenizeni ayenera ndi zithunzi Komanso ndondomeko kulenga likugwirizana ndi luso okhudza malo zowonera.

Choncho, mu chikumbumtima munthu zamakono zonse zimavuta mitundu iwiri ya kaganizidwe: umboni ndi okhudza malo zowonera luso. Zithunzi-ogwira Zingaoneke, ikhala sidelined. Kapena zilibe udindo mu moyo maganizo a munthu wamkulu?

NKHANI sensorimotor maganizo

Choyamba, umakhudza ntchito ndi m'gulu ntchito mwachindunji ndi zinthu, chifukwa cha zomwe munthu otembenuka, Chili kulenga zinthu zatsopano.

Chachiwiri, zithunzi-yogwira maganizo - njira yeniyeni maganizo, icho kumachitika pamene mpheto zinthu ndi limakupatsani zomveka yekha zochita konkire. Mosiyana ndi umboni, ndi bwino-mphako ndi umboni mu chirengedwe. Kulola kuti munthu kusiya maganizo ake pa zimene zinachitikira ndi kudzapereka zinthu, panopa sanali sakupezeka maloto ndipo muzikonza zosangalatsa.

Chachitatu, zithunzi-yogwira maganizo - ndi situational chidziwitso ndondomeko. Kubweretsa anthu kupitirira zinthu makamaka sindingakhoze. Maganizo amenewa "pano". Zili ngati okha, adamuwumiriza ndi mikhalidwe imene palibe munthu.

The wakale mawonekedwe ambiri kumvetsa dziko

Sensorimotor maganizo MUNALI makolo athu lakutali kwambiri. Paleopsihologi amakhulupirira kuti ziwanda anthu wosazindikira, ndipo makamaka anatsimikiza ntchito maganizo a anthu m'mbuyo, ngakhale m'zaka za m'ma XIX, ndi pa siteji ya anthu akale. Mwachitsanzo, ethnographers (M. Wertheimer, R. Thurnwald), ponena za maganizo a mbuli, ananena kuti sanatha umboni nkhaniyi. Kwa iwo kunali kofunika kudziwa zimene tiyenera kuziganizira. Zimbalangondo mukhoza kuziwerenga zidutswa 6 zokha, monga munthu aliyense amene sangathe kuona nyama zonse nthawi yomweyo. Koma ng'ombe tinganene kuti 60.

N'chifukwa chake chilankhulo cha anthu ambiri chachikale chinkawavuta palibe mfundo ambiri, koma panali kwambiri mawu kutanthauza konkire zinthu, zochita limati. K. Levy-Bruhl amene ankaphunzira maganizo wosazindikira, akuwerengedwanso m'chilankhulo cha mmodzi wa 33 mawu mafuko African koyenda. Kasewenzetsedwe ka mau tisandulika malingana, kumene, amene ndi zimene zikuchitika.

Kuganizira zowoneka-ogwira - izi ndi mtundu wa "predmyshlenie" zimene zimabwera mu mawonekedwe achikalekale nyama. Mu zaka za m'ma XX, kuphunzira khalidwe la anyani, ochitidwa ndi German zamaganizo W. Koehler analembamo kuti, iwo anasonyeza kuti anyani angathe m'kati mpheto zinthu kuthetsa zing'onozing'ono maganizo.

Baby maganizo

Ambiri bwino ndi momveka kusonyeza izi mtundu wa chidziwitso cha chowonadi Tingaone ana kwa zaka 3. nyenyeswa Kuganiza bwino-ogwira - izi ndi masewera. Ntchito zonse za maganizo zimenezi pa mpheto zinthu. Kuweta nchito za ganizo kupezeka kwa mwana, koma ngati kanthu mwamsanga.

Apa ndi mwana ndi kumulakalaka amasanthula nyumba, monga anamanga ku cubes mayi. Sikuti kukhumudwa izo, chifukwa ndi mwana kusanthula - ndi dismemberment chonsecho mu zinthu zosiyana.

Ndiye mwana udzadutsa midadada - akuyerekeza iwo, amasankha masiku, akuponyera mfundo zake view, zosafunika. Kufanizira kumeneku, ndipo pambuyo nawonso akubwera ndi zovuta zambiri ntchito maganizo - kaphatikizidwe. The mwana ukuyamba, kulera mwakuwoneka kanthu pa chithunzi ofanana.

Kamangidwe ikukula, ndi wina kyubu akupeza apamwamba. Mwana ndi chidwi ayang'ana pa izo, ndipo nthawi zina anafuula mosangalala: "Uyu ndi nsanja! Mayi, penyani, ine namanga nsanja! ". Poyerekeza dongosolo lawo ndi alipo mu malingaliro ake, mwana anapanga generalization ntchito ndi anamaliza.

Izi ndi woganiza kakang'ono, koma ndikuganiza iye akadali zimaonekera-ogwira, limodzi ku chinthu, ndi "Buku" zochitika. Choncho, m'pofunika mwana deconstructed ndi ankamangidwanso zidole, chifukwa mu masewera nawo chitukuko cha zithunzi-galimoto maganizo.

Mapangidwe kuganiza ana

Zikugwira zinthu zosiyanasiyana, mwanayo amaphunzira kukhazikitsa limasonyeza pakati pawo kuonetsetsa awo khalidwe zazikulu kapena zazing'ono. Koma ambiri Chofunika - izo zimasunga mafano kamodzi zochita anachita kenako amawagwiritsira kukumana ndi mavuto atsopano. Akatero amayamba mapangidwe zovuta kuposa maganizo, kulenga.

Sensorimotor maganizo si mwachikulu, komanso maganizo. N'zosadabwitsa watsopano, amene analengedwa amangomvera ake, kuyabwa kuchokera kanthu analephera ndi chisangalalo, pamene n'zotheka kukwaniritsa chimene mukufuna - zonse kumalimbitsa ndipo akufotokozera dziko lamkati la mwanayo.

Ntchito ya sensorimotor maganizo mu psyche wa wamkulu zamakono

The psyche anthu ndi chimodzi, komanso njira imodzi maganizo, ndi kudzipatula kwa ndondomekoyi zogwirizana ndi mtundu uliwonse wa zosatheka. Aliyense wa iwo ndi ofunika ndipo akuchita ntchito ya.

Koma nthawi zambiri izi kapena munthu kuti chimakhala chogwidwa ndi mtundu wina wa maganizo. Pakuti anthu kulenga, amasomphenya yodziwika ndi maganizo kwambiri za kulenga. Ndi masamu ndi chuma yodziwika ndi mkulu mlingo wa kaganizidwe cilamulo.

Anthu ndi predominance a kwenikweni-galimoto maganizo kudzali. Iwo ali amenewo za iwo akunena kuti iwo ali ndi manja golide. Mfiti "Mulungu" angathe, asakudziwa kanthu za mfundo za machitidwe a limagwirira kutenga kuwasiyanitsa, anakonza, reassembled, ndipo ngakhale bwino mu ndondomeko msonkhano.

Tinganene kuti umboni ndi kulenga mitundu zofunika kwambiri amaganizira? Zithunzi-ndi zofunika munthu aliyense, izo zimathera kanthu onse substantive. Popanda, kapena kukonza zinthu mu nyumba, palibe Kupalira duwa bedi m'munda, kapena yolumikizana ndi kapu. Ngakhale msuzi popanda kuganiza sikutheka china chotulutsa.

Wochokera ngati mwana, sensorimotor maganizo akadali pa mlingo wosazindikira, ndi kukhala mu njira yomweyo monga mitundu ina ya ntchito chidziwitso.