Microsomal makutidwe ndi okosijeni: akonzedwa mosiyanasiyana

Udindo wa microsomal makutidwe ndi okosijeni mu moyo wa chamoyo ndi zovuta Musaone kapena kuphonya. Inactivation wa xenobiotic (poizoni), kugwa ndi mapangidwe mahomoni adrenal nawo kagayidwe mapulotini ndi kuteteza mfundo majini - chabe kagawo kakang'ono ka mavuto odziwika ndi kuthetsedwa kuyamika microsomal makutidwe ndi okosijeni. Ndi ndondomeko yoyenda yokha mu thupi, amene umayendetsedwa pambuyo kunagwa choyambitsa chinthu ndi kutsiriza ndi elliminatsiey wake.

tanthauzo

Microsomal makutidwe ndi okosijeni - ndi kugwa mosiyanasiyana m'gulu loyamba gawo kutembenuka kwa xenobiotics. Akamanena za ndondomeko lake lili hydroxylation zinthu ndi maatomu mpweya ndi madzi mawonekedwe. Chifukwa cha kusintha kapangidwe ka zinthu pachiyambi, ndi katundu zikhonza kuletsedwa kapena nakweza.

Microsomal makutidwe ndi okosijeni wakulanda inu kwa conjugation anachita. Izi yachiwiri gawo masinthidwe a xenobiotics, mapeto a omwe alipo zinchito gulu Ufumuyo mamolekyulu opangidwa mwa thupi. Nthawi zina mapangidwe zinthu wapakatikati amene amayambitsa chiwindi selo kuwonongeka, necrosis ndi minofu alibe wa Oncology.

Makutidwe ndi okosijeni oxidase mtundu

zochita Microsomal makutidwe ndi okosijeni wochitika kunja kwa mitochondria ndipo popeza ankadya pafupifupi khumi peresenti ya mpweya okwana kulowa m'thupi. michere zikuluzikulu mnjira - oxidase. Mu dongosolo lawo, maatomu zitsulo alipo ndi valence variable, monga chitsulo, molybdenum, mkuwa, etc., ndipo kotero iwo kulandira ma elekitironi. Mu oxidase selo ili mu vesicles yeniyeni (peroxisomes) ili pa akunja nembanemba kwa mayitirokondiriyoni ndi EPR (akhakula endoplasmic reticulum). Gawo lapansi kugwa pa peroxisome wotaya mamolekyulu wa hydrogen, omwe amagwira kuti molekyulu wa madzi kupanga peroxide.

Pali oxidases asanu okha:

- monoaminooksigenaza (Mao) - amathandiza kuti oxidize zikuwonjezereka masiku ano ndi zina amines biogenic opangidwa ndi zopangitsa kwa adrenal;

- diaminooksigenaza (DAO) - nawo makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa histamine (nkhoswe ya kutupa ndi chifuwa), polyamines ndi diamines;

- L-kwa amino asidi oxidase (ie, levorotatory mamolekyulu);

- D-kwa amino asidi oxidase (dextrorotatory mamolekyulu);

- xanthine - oxidize adenine ndi guanine (asafe zapansi m'gulu la DNA).

Mtengo wa oxidase mtundu microsomal makutidwe ndi okosijeni tichipeza mu Kupha xenobiotics ndi inactivate zinthu biologically yogwira. Education peroxide ali ndi kanthu bactericidal ndi kuyeretsa makina a vuto ndi mbali zotsatira zomwe ukutchulidwa kwambiri mwa zotsatira zina.

Makutidwe ndi okosijeni oxygenase mtundu

Oxygenase mtundu anachita mu selo komanso zimene zikuchitika akhakula endoplasmic reticulum ndi mitochondria nembanemba vneschnih. Izi zimafuna michere yeniyeni - oxygenase kuti kuukitsa mpweya molekyulu ku gawo lapansi, ndi kuyambitsa mu chikhazikitso oxidizable. Ngati akuyendera limodzi mpweya atomu, ndi monooxygenase puloteni ina yotchedwa kapena hydroxylase. Pankhani ya kuyambitsa maatomu awiri (i.e., ndi molekyulu lonse la mpweya), enzyme imatchedwa diaksigenaza.

Oxygenase mtundu makutidwe ndi okosijeni anachita chikuphatikizapo ternary multienzyme zovuta kuti mtsikanayu kulanda ma elekitironi ndi mapulotoni ku gawo lapansi akutsatiridwa ndi kutsegula wa oxygen. Izi ndondomeko lonse amapezeka ndi nawo cytochrome P450, amene azidzaoneka anafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane.

Zitsanzo oxygenase zosiyanasiyana mtundu

Monga tanena monooxygenase ntchito makutidwe ndi okosijeni chimodzi chokha mpweya atomu ya zilipo ziwiri. Chachiwiri, iwo amagwira kuti zamoyo awiri a haidrojini kupanga madzi. Chitsanzo chimodzi cha zimenezi zingachitike ndi mapangidwe kolajeni. mpweya mwiniwake Pankhaniyi amachita monga vitamini C. Prolingidroksilaza sizithandiza kuti mpweya molekyulu ndi akuupereka kwa proline, womwe ndi mbali ya procollagen molekyulu. Zimenezi amapereka mphamvu ndi elasticity minofu connective. Pamene pali akusowa vitamini C, osauka gout. Kumaonetsa kufooka kwa minofu connective, magazi, kufinya, mano, ndiko kuti, khalidwe la kolajeni mu thupi pansipa.

Chitsanzo china ndi hydroxylase kuti atembenuke mafuta molekyulu. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa magawo a mapangidwe mahomoni steroid, kuphatikizapo kugonana.

si hydroxylase yeniyeni

hydrolase Izi koyenera kuti makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa zinthu zachilendo, monga xenobiotics. Tanthauzo la zosiyanasiyana ndi kupanga zinthu zambiri amenable kuti kuchotsa, zambiri sungunuka. Zimenezi amatchedwa detoxification, ndipo zimachitikadi makamaka chiwindi.

Pogwiritsa ntchito molekyulu lonse la mpweya kamapangikira kusiyana xenobiotics zochita mkombero ndi kuwonongeka kwa chinthu chovuta mu angapo chosavuta ndi kupezeka kwa njira kagayidwe kachakudya.

mitundu zotakasika mpweya

Mpweya ndi mankhwala oopsa popeza Ndipotu makutidwe ndi okosijeni - njira kuyaka. Mu mawonekedwe a O mamolekyulu ₂ kapena madzi ndi wolimba ndi mankhwala inert, chifukwa mphamvu yake mlingo ndizodzazidwa ndi ma elekitironi latsopano simungakhoze kujowina. Komabe, mankhwala imene mpweya si konse pali awiri ma elekitironi ndi mkulu reactivity. Choncho iwo otchedwa yogwira.

mankhwala mpweya chonchi:

1. Mu zochita monooksidnyh opangidwa superoxide amene anasiyanitsidwa cytochrome P450.
2. zochita oxidase ndi mapangidwe peroxide anion (hydrogen peroxide).
3. Pa kukonzanso oxygenation wa matishu, amene anakumana ischemia.

The oxidizer wamphamvu kwambiri ndi hydroxyl kwakukulu, lilili mu ufulu mawonekedwe chabe miliyoni a lachiwirilo, koma nthawi ndi nthawi kuti ndidutse mu chiwerengero cha zochita makutidwe ndi okosijeni. Maonekedwe ake ndi kuti hydroxyl kwakukulu zimakhudza chinthu chokha pa pamalo amene apangidwa, monga iwo sangalowerere nsalu.

Superoxide anion ndi wa hydrogen peroxide

zinthu zimenezi mwakhama osati m'dera la maphunziro, komanso pa kamtunda ndithu kuchokera iwo amatha kulowa mwa selo nembanemba.

Hydroxyl gulu amachititsa makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa zatsalira kwa amino asidi: histidine, cysteine ndi tryptophan. Apa tikutengegeredwa ku inactivation wa a enzyme, komanso kusokonezeka kwa mapulotini zoyendera. Komanso, microsomal makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa amino zidulo kuchiwonongeko ya kapangidwe ka mkati nitrogenous m'munsi ndipo, chotero, kuvutika zida majini a khungu. Ndipo oxidized zidulo mafuta amene amapanga selo nembanemba bilipidnogo wosanjikiza. Amakhudza permeability, ntchito electrolyte Kakhungu mpope ndi malo cholandilira lapansi.

Zoletsa wa microsomal makutidwe ndi okosijeni - ndi antioxidants. Zikupezeka mu zakudya ndi amapangidwa mwa thupi. The antioxidant odziwika bwino kwambiri ndi vitamini E. zinthu izi akhoza ziletsa microsomal makutidwe ndi okosijeni. Sayansi limafotokoza zimene zimachitika pakati pa maziko a maganizo. Ndiko kuti, oxidases zambiri, m'pamenenso iwo kuletsedwa, ndi mosemphanitsa. Izi zimathandiza kuti kaonedwe pakati pa machitidwe ndi mosalekeza chilengedwe mkati.

magetsi unyolo zoyendera

dongosolo Microsomal makutidwe ndi okosijeni si sungunuka mu cytoplasm a zigawo zikuluzikulu kuti onse michere ake anasonkhana pa pamwamba pa reticulum endoplasmic. dongosolo Izi zikuphatikizapo mapuloteni angapo, zomwe ndi electrotransport dera la:

- NADPH-P450 reductase ndi cytochrome P450;

- PA-tsitohromV5 reductase ndi cytochrome B5;

- steatorrhea-CoA desaturase.

The elekitironi mwiniwake mu ambiri a milandu zochita NADP (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide mankwala). Iwo oxidizes NADPH-P450 reductase, amene limapangidwa awiri coenzyme (potengera anzawo ndi FMN), potenga ma elekitironi. Kumapeto kwa unyolo FMN oxidized ntchito P450.

cytochrome P450

Izi enzyme wa microsomal makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa heme munali mapuloteni. Izo zikuwamanga mpweya ndi gawo lapansi (kawirikawiri xenobiotic). Dzinali amagwirizana ndi mayamwidwe wa kuunika ndi timaganiza za 450 nm. Akatswiri anapeza mu zamoyo zonse. Pa nthawi, anafotokoza oposa khumi zikwi mapuloteni a dongosolo cytochrome P450. Akanika, chinthu uli kusungunuka mu cytoplasm, ndipo amakhulupirira kuti mtundu uwu ndi wopambana evolutionarily wakale kuposa anthu. Ife cytochrome P450 - ndi mural mapuloteni kupenyetsetsa Kakhungu cytoplasmic.

The michere ya gulu zimakhudzidwa kagayidwe wa mankhwala ndi zidulo ya ndulu mafuta, phenols, neutralizing mankhwala, ziphe kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

The katundu wa microsomal makutidwe ndi okosijeni

The njira ya microsomal makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndi yotakata gawo lapansi kulunjika, ndi ichi, nayenso, zimathandiza kudziwa zosiyanasiyana zinthu. Khumi zikwi mapuloteni cytochrome P450 apangidwe mu isoforms oposa zana ndi makumi asanu enzyme ndi. Aliyense ali ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha magawo. Zimenezi zimathandiza thupi kuchotsa pafupifupi onse zinthu zoipa zimene anapanga mkati kapena kugwa kunja. Akutulutsa chiwindi microsomal michere makutidwe ndi okosijeni akhoza kuchita kwawoko ndi pa mtunda wautali ndi thupi.

Lamulo za ntchito ya microsomal makutidwe ndi okosijeni

Microsomal makutidwe ndi okosijeni mu chiwindi ndi Lamulo pa mlingo mRNA, koma ntchito yake - galamafoniyo. mitundu yonse ya cytochrome P450 Mwachitsanzo, olembedwa pa DNA, ndi kuti anaonekera pa ESR kofunika 'kulilembanso "mfundo DNA Mtumiki RNA. Ndiye mRNA walangizidwa ribosome kumene zedi anapanga. chiwerengero cha mamolekyulu awa ndi Lamulo kuchokera kunja ndipo amadalira kuchuluka kwa zinthu zimene ziyenera deactivated, ndi kupezeka kwa kwa amino zidulo n'kofunika.

Panopa oposa mazana awiri mphambu makumi asanu ananena kuti mankhwala amene yambitsa thupi microsomal makutidwe ndi okosijeni. Zikuphatikizapo barbiturates, chimasanduka onunkhira alcohols, ketones timadzi. Ngakhale zosiyanasiyana anzake, zinthu zonsezi lipophilic (sungunuka mafuta), choncho atengeke cytochrome P450.