Metro Berlin - dera, kuphimba m'gawo lalikulu

Metro Berlin, umatchedwanso U-Bahn (kutanthauza "mobisa njanji" mawu Untergrundbahn) - mmodzi wa yakale kwambiri ku Ulaya. Iwo anatsegula mu 1902 ndipo panopa akutumikira okwerera 170, zomwe anawagawa nthambi khumi ndi utali wonse wa makilomita 151,7. Pafupifupi 80% ya njanji mobisa Berlin wabisika pansi wosanjikiza wa lapansi.

Pa chaka, ali anthu okwana 400 miliyoni mu 2012, miliyoni 507,3 okwera ntchito U-Bahn. Daily zonyamula yapansi ndi pafupifupi mamiliyoni 1.4 anthu. kasamalidwe ake, kukonza ndi kukonza wakhala yaikulu oyang'anira tauni zoyendera kampani Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe, imadziwika ndi acronym BVG.

dongosolo mayiko

Pafupipafupi sitima ali ndi imeneyi ya mphindi 2.5 pa mlungu pachimake ndi mphindi zisanu kuti yowerukira. Madzulo, sitima kufika pa mphindi 10. Palinso ndandanda nyengo usiku wa tsiku.

Timanyamula waukulu likulu ndi Berlin yapansi. chiwembu ndi zogwirizana ndi sitima zovuta m'tawuni - S-Bahn. Choncho, m'tauni ndi alendo angathe msanga ndi wabwino kufika kulikonse ankafuna.

nkhani

Berlin unali mzinda woyamba ku Germany kumanga yapansi, ndi chachisanu mu Europe pambuyo London, Budapest, Glasgow ndi Paris. A udindo waukulu mu kulengedwa kwa zoyendera zovuta ankaimba Werner Von Siemens - wotchuka German injiniya ndi zatsopano. Kuti uli ndi maganizo kumanga mobisa maukonde sitima kukakomana ndi kukula mavuto magalimoto ku likulu la Germany m'zaka za m'ma 19 mochedwa.

The malangizo yoyamba yapansi panthaka inamangidwa anapezerapo mu 1902 patapita nthawi yaitali kukonzekera ndi kukambirana za polojekiti. Mzere anawoloka pansi ndipo kumakhala mobwerezabwereza njira luso la New York wa okwera njanji mayendedwe. Mu zaka wotsatira, kuchuluka chiwerengero cha nthambi za okwerera sitima ku Berlin. Galimoto pamwamba wa First World nkhondo anali mayendedwe anayi.

Komanso akukonzekera kumanga zomangamanga mobisa anali umalimbana kulumikiza likulu ndi zigawo zake: Ukwati, yomwe inali kumpoto, ndi Tempelhof ndi Neukölln unali kum'mwera. Ntchito izi anayambitsa December 1912 ndipo kwambiri anachedwa mpaka 1930 chifukwa cha nkhondo ndi Kubwera kwa mavuto misa ndalama.

State pamene Nazi

Pamene mphamvu anali Nazi Party mu 1933, Germany zasintha kwambiri. kusintha komanso bwanji Berlin yapansi. okwelera onse anali anapachika mbendera Nazi, zinthu ziwiri akhala anadzatchedwa polemekeza ngwazi za boma latsopano. Wazomangamanga Speer zachitika ndi ntchito wofuna kukuza Berlin yapansi. dera ankafuna kuti alenge mzere annular lomwe kuti kulumikiza ulusi wina ndi mzake.

Pa World nkhondo II okwerera Vtorov ankachitiramo m'misasa mpweya kunkhondo. Zomangamanga kawirikawiri poyera kuwonongedwa ena amene angathe mofulumira kuwasiya. Koma kubwezeretsa kwathunthu kuwonongeka kupewedwa kumenyana zonse. Ngakhale zili chomwechi, kayendedwe ka sitima anali anakhalabe mpaka mapeto a nkhondoyi.

Only kumapeto kwa April 1945 inaimitsidwa kwa kanthawi ntchito ya Berlin yapansi. Ngalande chiwembu anasonyeza kuti anali anasefukira anasiya ya magetsi. Komabe, mkati mwa mwezi wa mundawo kachiwiri kuperekedwa kwa boma ntchito. Zambiri za kuyamikira a mzinda commandant N. E. Berzarinu.

nyengo Soviet

Mwambo wofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa mzinda magawano ake m'magulu awiri. malire unayamba pa kayendedwe ka anthu kuchokera kummawa mpaka kumadzulo ndi mosemphanitsa. Pakhala odziwika bwino ntchito yomanga ndi Wall Berlin - mpanda umene umawalekanitsa danga pawiri. Izi anabweretsa mabvuto yapansi panthaka.

modernity

Masiku ano, Berlin mobisa ali mizere 10 - 9 chachikulu ndi wothandiza mmodzi. maukonde ali kutalika chachikulu ndi chimakwirira kudera la mzinda osati, komanso mabusa pafupi. Alendo mu kugulitsa ndi Berlin yapansi map odziwika. Chifukwa ichi, alendo a likulu amatha kuyenda popanda poopa kuti anataya, ndi kufufuza zinthu zonse zosangalatsa.