"Mawonekedwe a makhalidwe abwino" - amagwira ku sewero lanthabwala ndi "Code wa Ethics wa kum'manga chikominisi"

Zinali ku Turkey, yeniyeni ku Istanbul, umene 1969 unaperekedwa kwa nzika wathu zamatsenga ndi zosowa.

Umuna Semenovich ...

Soviet wamasiku zilizonse Umuna Semenovich, amene analibe zinachitikira iliyonse ndi akazi a ntchito yoyambilira ankachitira chifundo anthu. Iye anayesera kumvetsa zomwe akufuna kutembenukira kwa iye dona pokhulupirira kuti amawaganizira vuto zofuna alowererepo ake ndi thandizo. bwenzi lake latsopano Nighthawks, zambiri anakumana pankhani zimenezi, anakana zonena za "kugulitsa chikondi ansembe" pogwiritsa ntchito chinenero psevdoinostrannym. Iye anafotokoza kuti bwenzi lake "tione makhalidwe", ndipo palibe "tsigel" kumbali yake si chidwi. Chinthu ichi ndi kuzindikira ndi aliyense amene anaonera sewero lanthabwala zodabwitsa "daimondi mkono" motsogoleredwa ndi Gaidai. Ndi laughable lero.

Goltepa, studing ndi ena "akunja" mawu

mwambo Russian kupereka mawu achilendo paluso si chatsopano. Wokwanira kukumbukira Leskov "studingom" (pudding), kapena kufotokozera za mawu French "kumsika" (kuyenda), ndi "goltepa" (chisokonezo) mamma Sitidzaiwala Bal'zaminova. Nkhondo itatha, chinenero dziko linatukuka ndi ngale zina, nthawi iyi ya chiyambi German (mwachitsanzo, "Guten Morgen saccharine" kapena "Hyundai hoch nsapato osalala"), mawu oseketsa kutsanzira otsutsa kale. Nthabwala ali phokoso la mawu amene kuphatikiza mawu ena ndi Russian. Komanso ndi "ntchito" ndi chifanizo cha "kuwala bulauni turisto chifanizo cha makhalidwe abwino", kuti ya limbitse mmene lowonjezera funso German: "Fershteyn" Mwa njira, mu sewero lanthabwala lodabwitsa pali zinthu zina, kusewera mpaka anati "aha Lyu Lyu" molumikizana ndi kusewera untranslatable pa mawu, tanthauzo lake ndi zovuta ndikuganiza manja ndi articulation a m'nkhaniyi yachilendo.

Nthabwala la sewero lanthabwala ndi pulogalamu chipani

Mu zaka zao za sikisite, dongosolo mu dziko akhala kwambiri olekerera kwambiri kuposa mu 30s kapena 50s, koma kuwatonza "kuyang'ana makhalidwe" anali akadali, ngati sanachite yoposa adzaloledwa ndi m'Chibama kwa akuluakulu a, ndithu kumene pa icho. chakuti chiphunzitso cha "makhalidwe abwino a chomanga chikominisi" anali gawo la dongosolo la phwando, chikalatacho sasamalira kunyozedwa iliyonse. Funso lina kuti chikalata ichi anavomerezedwa mu ulamuliro wa Mlembi General yapita, NS Khrushchev, amene zikayenda kale poyera kuti sewerolo zoseketsa pa Komabe, wosakhwima (ngati "mfumukazi minda" mu 1964 filimu "Welcome, kapena No Trespassing"). Moral yadziko ya kum'manga chikominisi (choncho "chifaniziro cha makhalidwe abwino") wakhala anaphunzira ku sukulu zonse ndi mayunivesite, silinafike sinyamuka, chotero onse anali oyera kwambiri kenaka, monga kuyenera m'badwo pano, mchere wa nthabwala ndi.

Nthabwala ndi kukaniza

ziletso aliyense ndi taboo woonda nthabwala, monga tsamba akuwululidwa whetstone. Kulekerera ndi ufulu kunena chirichonse chimene inu mukufuna zivute zitani kuyambitsa zotsatira zosiyana. Mu 1969 kapena 1970 kuti bwinobwino kumenya taboo nkhani ndipo sanali kulipira (ndi kanema mosavuta "akhoza kuvala shelufu"), ankafunika zingabweretse mphamvu maganizo a kotekisi oziziritsa ndi screenwriter, ndi wotsogolera.

Chifukwa cha kutchuka kwa neorealism Italy mu zaka zao za sikisite mawu a ambiri achilendo akhala kudziwika kwa anthu anzathu. Italy "Rousseau", "chifaniziro cha makhalidwe abwino", chomwe wathu "tione" ndi mayiko "makhalidwe" ntchito yomasulira ndi osafunika.

Lero, mankhwala ntchito imeneyi inali chabe mawu wamba kuti zikumveka kusangalala ndi akuru, koma china. Iwo akadali otchuka, makamaka m'mayiko nzika athu ulendo zambiri kuposa makumi asanu ndi awiri a kuchiyambi. Mu wopepuka gulu "Akuda Fungo lansomba zowola Scoundrels" ngakhale anaonekera nyimbo yotchedwa "Chojambula ya makhalidwe abwino", za apaulendo gay oyamba kupuma "pa kusiteshoni."