Matenda tizilombo

Pachimake matenda kupuma tizilombo - gulu lalikulu la matenda amene onse morphologically ndi kukomoka ofanana ndi mzake. Iwo kuyambitsa yotupa matenda a dongosolo kupuma, monga pneumotropic mavairasi. Pafupipafupi chimene mtundu wa matenda tizilombo ukulimbana ndi mtundu wa anthu zimadalira nthawi ya chaka, kwambiri adakulabe mu nthawi yophukira-yozizira. Komabe, iwo zimafala zonse, ngakhale mu nyengo sanali kuderako mu alionse anthu.

mavairasi amenewa anawagawa m'magulu awiri; RNA munali (parainfluenza, fuluwenza, kupuma syncytial HIV) ndi DNA timene (adenoviruses). Mu thupi la munthu amene ndi ena kugwa kudzera airborne njira HIV. Mwa onse SARS Chofunika kwambiri kuti thanzi la munthu ndi mmene pa thupi ndi adenoviral matenda, ndi fuluwenza ndi parainfluenza.

Fuluwenza - ndi pachimake kupuma tizilombo matenda amene amayamba chifukwa cha mavairasi fuluwenza. Only munthu wodwala Amapatsirana ena. masiku awiri kapena anayi ndi nthawi makulitsidwe. Woyamba kuchipatala chizindikiro cha isanayambike matenda tracheitis, mwina agwirizane pambuyo matenda pachimake. HIV fuluwenza ali zotsatira izi pa thupi:

- immunosuppressive tingati

- chopinga wa ntchito neutrophil (imathetsa phagocytosis), monocytic phagocytes (kuchepa phagocytosis ndi chemotaxis) ya chitetezo ambiri (osauka ziwengo kuoneka maofesi m'thupi poizoni);

- cytopathic amasintha epithelium wa trachea ndi bronchi (kumachitika dystrophy, necrosis ndi desquamation);

- zotsatira vazopaticheskoe (plasma- ndi haemorrhages, stasis).

Zotsatira immunosuppressive a HIV ndi vazopaticheskoe bwanji inalowa matenda sekondale. Izi ndi m'deralo (chibayo, rhinitis, tracheitis, pharyngitis, chifuwa) ndi ambiri (dyscirculatory matenda, kutupa, alibe wa parenchymal maselo) kusintha amene amayambitsa matenda tizilombo.

Osati nthawi zonse kukhazikitsa kachilombo mu chitukuko cha ndondomeko pachimake matenda. N'zothekanso zobisika (asymptomatic) ndi aakulu mawonekedwe a matenda, imene ili ndi mavuto aakulu, makamaka kudwala perinatal.

Ngati inu kukhala mtundu wofatsa chimfine, zimatengera zabwino ndipo umatha pambuyo pa masiku asanu kapena asanu kuchira kwathunthu ndi kubwezeretsedwa kwa mucous.

Ngati fuluwenza ya kusalekerera zolimbitsa, mu ndondomeko pathological nawo osati chapamwamba kupuma thirakiti, koma bronchioles komanso ang'onoang'ono, bronchi ndi m'mapapo mwanga parenchyma. The bronchi ndi trachea kutupa akufotokozera serous-hemorrhagic, nthawi zina necrotic foci mu mucosa lapansi. Eksodo chimfine choopsa amtengo yabwino zambiri: kuchira amapezeka pafupifupi mwezi umodzi. Koma ngati akupezeka anthu debilitated, ana, achikulire ndi anthu ndi matenda a mtima, chibayo angayambe. Pa nthawi yomweyo zikhoza cardio-m'mapapo mwanga kulephera ngakhale imfa.

Mu fuluwenza kwambiri, pali njira ziwiri za chitukuko:

- chimfine m'mawa matenda,

- fuluwenza ndi mavuto m'mapapo mwanga.

Pamene matenda yakula fuluwenza toxicosis amapezeka kuledzera mofulumira ambiri. Pankhani ya fulminant Inde n'zotheka fuluwenza m'mapapo mwanga edema, ndiponso kukha magazi yaing'ono ku ubongo ndi ziwalo, zikopa mucous ndi khungu. Nthawi zambiri Zikatero, apo pakubwera imfa. Kawirikawiri izi zimachitika mu tsiku lachinayi kapena chachisanu cha matenda ndi magazi mu malo ofunika kapena pa maziko a kuwonjezeka mavuto kupuma.

Parainfluenza - ndi pachimake chimfine matenda obwera ndi parainfluenza HIV. Iwo amakhala ndi zotupa wa kapepalako chapamwamba kupuma, komanso kuledzera yaing'ono. Kudwala makamaka ana, koma pali nthawi zina pamene thupi akhudzidwa ndi wamkulu. Pamene parainfluenza uka laryngeal edema ndi pachimake laryngitis, amene ali ovuta asphyxia croup onyenga.

Adenovirus matenda - pachimake matenda kupuma tizilombo chifukwa cha adenoviruses. Modes wa HIV zofanana kwa iwo amene ali khalidwe la matenda ena pachimake kupuma tizilombo. Magwero a matenda ndi monga wodwala ndipo chotengera HIV. Infection amakhala ndi airborne njira HIV. Pa nthawi yomweyo amakhudza chapamwamba kupuma thirakiti, minofu lymphoid, conjunctiva diso. Pali mitundu iwiri ya matenda: kuwala ndi katundu. Pakuti mtundu wofatsa amakhala ndi chitukuko cha rinolaringotraheobronhita pachimake mu mawonekedwe catarrhal a conjunctivitis pachimake, pharyngitis, ndi lymphadenitis dera. Mu matenda aakulu yodziwika ndi kujowina nthenda yachiwiri, chimene uka suppuration, necrosis ndi kusintha morphological mu ziwalo.

Kupewa matenda tizilombo

Kodi kudya zakudya zambiri zomwe zili ndi mavitamini, makamaka vitamini C. Musaiwale anyezi ndi adyo, chifukwa mavairasi iwo kungoti "mantha". Kawirikawiri inali panja ndi ventilate chipinda zoona, anakakamizika makope mpweya kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha mavairasi mu chipinda.

Onetsetsani kuti amathera kamodzi pa sabata ambiri kuyeretsa. matenda tizilombo ndi "mantha" pamene titsatira ukhondo pamene kusamba m'manja ndi sopo ndi madzi. Kumathandiza ndi gargling zonse ndi rinsing kapena kukapanda kuleka njira mphuno saline. Kotero ife kuchepetsa ndende ya HIV nasopharynx lapansi.