Masewerera a Biathlon: mbiriyakale ndi chitukuko

Mmodzi wa anthu otchuka yozizira masewera ndi Masewerera a Biathlon. Mbiri ya zikamera ake ndi chitukuko n'kovuta. Koma tsopano mpira pali zambiri mafani.

Nkhani ya

Mmodzi wa masewera chidwi kwambiri ndi nkhani za yozizira kuti zinali Masewerera a Biathlon, mbiri ya zosayembekezereka wa chimene chili moyo watsiku ndi tsiku wa anthu akale a North. Iwo ntchito zipangizo kwa kusaka m'nyengo yozizira. Tinganene, ndipo anali Masewerera a Biathlon choyamba.

Mbiri ya zosayembekezereka wa Masewerera a Biathlon chakale monga masewera ali pafupi zaka mazana awiri ndi makumi asanu. Yambani iye akupita mu Norway, pamene alonda malire m 1767 kumalire ndi Sweden anakonza mpikisano mu kuwombera pa mipherezero pa ski mbadwa m'phirimo.

Komabe, masewera chitukuko Masewerera a Biathlon ndi kugawa anali kokha m'zaka za m'ma makumi awiri. Koma nkhani ndi mavuto ena.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba mu makumi Mu zaka zapitazo mu zochitika zikuluzikulu unachitikira masewera, ofanana Masewerera a Biathlon. Mbiri ya Games Olympic amene anatenga France, nkhani za mpikisano wotchedwa "kulondera mpikisano." Koma posakhalitsa masewera analephera. Pa Games Olympic mu 1948 pulogalamu anawolokera ndi Masewerera a Biathlon, malamulo a mpikisano umene panthawi imeneyo kunali kusanafike yovomerezeka.

Koma makumi asanu ndi, komabe wovomerezeka monga masewera osiyana monga mbali ya pentathlon lapansi. Popeza 1992, Masewerera a Biathlon ndi wosiyana pentathlon lapansi. Mayiko Masewerera a Biathlon Union, lomwe masiku ano imakhala m'mayiko oposa makumi asanu, unakhazikitsidwa mu 1993.

Game malamulo ndi zipangizo

Mu Masewerera a Biathlon tingachipeze powerenga, zotsatirazi malamulo zida:

• M'lifupi zipangizo ayenera kukhala masentimita zinayi.
• Kutalika pazipita ski si zochepa.
• Zoletsedwa onse a patsogolo zida.
• Mukhoza ntchito mizati ski kuti zosiyanasiyana m'litali ndi mphamvu ya Kankhani.
• Pamene galimoto mfuti ili kumbuyo kwa player a.
• Musagwiritse ntchito chida basi.
• Likungosonyeza mfuti - 5.6 mm.
• Mfuti ntchito ochiritsira kumbuyo kuona.

Mu malamulo wogwila, kuwombera zachitika kuchokera pa mtunda wa mamita makumi asanu. chandamale ankayimiridwa ngati mbale woyera ndi mabwalo asanu wakuda ndi awiri a khumi ndi theka masentimita.

Pamene kuwomba chotsatira bwalo vavu pafupi limachititsa yomweyo amayang'anitsitsa chifukwa.

Malamulo mitundu iwiri ya kulasa mipherezero kuzindikiridwa:

• Ataima.
• Kunama.

Pamene kuwombera imatengedwa ogwira ubwenzi kulowa bwalo wakuda, ndipo chachiwiri yowotcha ndondomeko - kwa mundandanda kuti ali ndi awiri a anayi ndi theka masentimita.

M'njiramo kayendedwe ka othamanga ndi mizere angapo moto, aliyense amene wapatsidwa zipolopolo asanu.

Mitundu a mafuko mu Masewerera a Biathlon tingachipeze powerenga

Classic Masewerera a Biathlon lero zikuphatikizapo mitundu isanu a mafuko:

• Kulandirana mtundu - masewera gulu, wopangidwa mwa zigawo zitatu kapena zinayi. Opambana, anathamanga njira wake m'dziko, apatsira Baton ku player lotsatira. Utali wa njira - makilomita asanu ndi theka amuna ndi asanu - mu akazi. Nthaŵi iliyonse siteji pali maudindo awiri kuwombera. Kuwombera koyamba imagwiridwa mu malo supine, wachiwiri - ataima.
• Obwerawa kulandirana. Izo nawo othamanga ndi mwamuna ndi mkazi. Akazi kuthamanga pa woyamba ndi wachiwiri amathamanga gawo pa makilomita asanu a anthu pa wachitatu ndi wachinayi - makilomita asanu. Kulandirana amayamba kamodzi kuyamba mwa akatswiri a. Membala anamaliza siteji mtundu, akudutsa kuti wina wakeyo timu. Poyamba, msewu umadutsa mkazi, ndiye - amuna. The yowotcha woyamba ikuchitika mu malo supine, wachiwiri - ataima.
• Sprint - ndi mtundu mfundo ziwiri kuwombera, amene amagwiritsa ntchito imeneyi chiyambi anthu makilomita khumi, akazi - makilomita asanu ndi theka. Mtundu akuyamba ndi chiyambi pa intervals wa masekondi makumi atatu kwa miniti imodzi. Mtunda wa mtundu ndizo m'matumba atatu kutalika. Zikuthamanga kudutsa kuzungulira koyamba, othamanga ndi kugwira kuwombera pamene chigonere, akuthamanga wachiwiri wozungulira - mu kuimirira. Othamanga ndi mwayi kusankha ndi kuwombera udindo kuwombera. Pamene inu kuphonya mwachindunji ufulu bwalo wofanana mamita zana ndi makumi asanu.
• Munthu mtundu - tingachipeze powerenga mtundu umene amuna kuthamanga pa mtunda makumi awiri, ndi akazi - pa makilomita khumi ndi zisanu, ndi mfundo zinayi kuchokera mipherezero ndi. Othamanga kuyamba pa intervals wa masekondi makumi atatu kwa miniti imodzi. Pamene inu musaphonye limodzi chilango mphindi anawaonjezera okwana ulendo biathlete mpikisano.

• Kufunafuna - kupikisana ndi malire zinayi zimene amuna kuyenda makilomita khumi ndi theka kutali, ndi akazi - khumi. Muzicheza kutsatira mtundu kumapeto kwa ndinagonjetsa mpikisano.
• Mpikisano ndi ambiri kuyamba - munthu kuthamanga pa mtunda akazi khumi - makilomita khumi ndi awiri ndi theka. Mtundu umayamba nthawi yomweyo kuti mpikisano onse. Kuwombera pa amaphunzirira kuwombera ikuchitika mu dongosolo la kufika kwa osewera pa amaphunzirira kuwombera. Pamene inu kuphonya mwachindunji ufulu bwalo wofanana mamita zana ndi makumi asanu.

zosiyanasiyana Masewerera a Biathlon

Masewerera a Biathlon lero ali mitundu zingapo zimene kuwonjezera pa Agiriki ndi zina zipangizo ntchito zida ndi kayendedwe. The mitundu yambiri ambiri zotsatirazi muli mu dziko la mchitidwe masewera:

• Chilimwe - ndi Masewerera a Biathlon malamulo mpikisano omwe ndi amodzi mu tingachipeze powerenga, koma m'malo zipangizo ntchito zipangizo wodzigudubuza kapena njinga.
• Akaponya - Masewerera a Biathlon (mbiri ya chiyambi cha zomwe ngati masewera inayamba mu 1975 ku France) - mpikisano pa zipangizo ndi kuponya muvi ndi uta.
• Snowshoe. Pamene inu ntchito Baibulo ili la Masewerera a Biathlon mpikisano pa snowshoes.
• Kusaka. Pamene ntchito mfuti kusaka ndi zipangizo.

Kupatukana Masewerera a Biathlon zaka

othamanga onse nawo mpikisano Masewerera a Biathlon anawagawa:

• Amuna ndi akazi - Masewerera a Biathlon pa zaka makumi awiri ndi chimodzi zakubadwa kapena kuposerapo.
• Juniors - onse azaka kuyambira khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi kwa zaka twente-wani.
• Anyamata ndi atsikana - othamanga amene alibe anatembenuka naintini.

Gawo

Mpikisano Masewerera a Biathlon ikuchitikira onse molumikizana ndi khalidwe ena, komanso payokha. Independent Mpikisano Masewerera a Biathlon anawagawa chikho ndi nekubkovy. Kuwonjezera izo anagwiritsanso malonda Mpikisano zosiyanasiyana Masewerera a Biathlon.

Choncho mitundu ya mpikisano Masewerera a Biathlon:

• Makapu. Amaona zofunika kwambiri World Cup ndi Open Cup European. Komanso pa mlingo lonse izo zikufotokozedwa makapu North ndi South America ndi ku Asia. Komanso pali mayiko, makapu dziko.
• Nekubkovy mpikisano. Machesi wotchuka imatengedwa nekubkovy Masewerera a Biathlon World Championships. Womutsatira kufunika ndi lotseguka Championships European ndi Championships Asia, ndi North ndi South America. Pa mlingo dziko m'mayiko ambiri imachitikanso kupeza katswiri zosiyanasiyana.
• Malonda Masewerera a Biathlon. mpikisano uyu ali ndi cholinga - kukopa ambiri oonera. Mogwirizana ndi mwambo umenewu mukupemphedwa kuti ambiri nyenyezi Masewerera a Biathlon ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, mitundu ndi malamulo eni kusintha mu mtundu wa mpikisano.

Kupambana loyamba

Masewerera a Biathlon odziwa kunkayamba chionetsero awo kupambana mu zaka zao za sikisite Mu zaka zapitazo. Woyambirira Olympic ngwazi kulanga umenewu wakhala woimira Sweden K. Lestander, ndi dziko loyamba ngwazi anali Swede A. Wiklund. Iye anakhala German FA Ulrich mu 1978, wopambana woyamba wa World Cup.

Mu 1984 pa wothamanga World Cup Masewerera a Biathlon Women Soviet V. Chernyshov anali woyamba mtheradi dziko ngwazi.

kutchuka

Modern Masewerera a Biathlon, amene mbiri inayamba kumpoto kwa Ulaya yafalikira padziko lonse. Pa makumi mayiko nawo mpikisano mu masewera, koma kutchuka kwambiri kuti amakonda Kum'maŵa ndi Pakati pa Ulaya, boma latsopano la Russia. chidwi ndithu mu Masewerera a Biathlon amasonyezanso mayiko a North America ndi China.