Coquille - ndi chiyani ichi?

Coquille - mwanjira reusable kwa akuponya zitsulo. Kungakhale kapena kugawanika (mu magawo awiri), kapena (kugwedezeka tsembwe). Permanent nkhungu kuponyera angapo ubwino pa m'chimake, koma pali zina zovuta Mwachitsanzo, ndi chitsulo kuponyera castings amafuna owonjezera kutentha mankhwala.

ubwino

Pa mapangidwe kuponya kumachitika kwambiri kulanda kutentha kwa achitsulo mu nkhungu zitsulo. chifukwa Ichi chimapereka kachulukidwe apamwamba bwino mawotchi katundu wa zitsulo, mwandondomeko mkulu, kapangidwe bwino ndi apansi padziko roughness poyerekeza ndi castings ku amatha kuumba mchenga.

tsembwe Kuyengako amakhala ndi chakuti zitsulo nkhungu (zitsulo nkhungu) angagwiritsidwe ntchito mobwerezabwereza. Zikhale za mfundo mphamvu yapamwamba, umene pamwamba ntchito za nkhungu imagwiridwa molondola kwambiri. Kumathandiza pamwamba khalidwe la castings ndi chifukwa mkulu matenthedwe madutsidwe wa kuponyera nkhungu msanga alimbitse.

Ubwino wina kwa ntchito amatha kuumba tsembwe kuponyera mchenga - digiri m'munsi mwa zina makina processing wa castings, ndipo kumachepetsa mowa zinthu zakuthupi akamaumba.

Health ndi Ubale

Tsembwe kuponyera mu 2-3 kumawonjezera zokolola, chifukwa cha ndondomekoyi amachotsedwa ntchito nthawi yambiri monga yokonza osakaniza, kuyeretsa ndi akamaumba mankhwala. Popeza malo kupanga amadziwikanso yafupika, ndalama kukonza ndiponso kumanga zomera latsopano ndi laling'ono kwambiri.

Kwa ndondomekoyi kumatha kwambiri ntchito salimbikitsa ntchito monga njira kugwedeza-kunja, kukonza castings ndi fettling. Izi zimathandiza osati kusintha zinthu pa ntchito komanso kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa malo.

zolakwa

Kupanga ndalama za kufa ndi odula kwambiri chifukwa zovuta kwa ndondomekoyi. Pamaso pa zimasokoneza mu kuponyera nkhungu ndalama ukuwonjezeka chifukwa kufunika complicating dongosolo: ntchito oyika, disposable ndi mbali mchenga zitsulo ndodo.

Moyo wa kufa anatsimikiza ndi nambala ya castings yabwino kuti mungalandire. Fundo mawonekedwe Mzimuyo kuthekera chuma ndondomekoyi, makamaka pa kuponyera zitsulo ndi chitsulo. Kuwonjezera moyo wa amatha kuumba ndi imodzi mwa mavuto aakulu zamakono mu munda wa ulimi.

Chifukwa mofulumira kuzirala ndi thickening Sungunulani analumikiza kupeza nkhani woonda-mipanda ndi tsembwe kuponyera yaitali. Izi tidzapeze chakuti chitsulo chosungunula kukhala olimba, nsaluzi zinkangokhala wosanjikiza. Kupanga ofewa, zikhoza kuyambitsa mavuto ndi ming'alu mu castings. Pamene ntchito disposable mchenga pakati yafupika castings mwatsatanetsatane kumawonjezera padziko roughness pa malo kukhudzana ndi ndodo.

castings khalidwe

Kuponyera mawonekedwe ndi kucheza ndi dzuwa mkulu. Akuponya solidifies ndi akamazizira mu mawonekedwe mchenga ndi yaitali kuposa kufa Komabe, kukhalamo pa nkhungu mchenga zambiri ndi bwino, kupanga kovuta ndondomeko kupanga ndi castings tsembwe kuponyera aloyi sanali madzi, komanso kumathandiza chiletso chizindikiro monga kukula kuponyera ndi makulidwe osachepera khoma. Zotayidwa kuponyera mu nkhungu zitsulo (ndi mkuwa ndi zitsulo zina sanali akakhala) ndi wotchuka kwambiri mu Russia.

Komabe, chifukwa kuzirala mofulumira akhoza zopezera sanali porous, chabwino-grained dongosolo, amene kumawonjezera osati mphamvu komanso ductility chifukwa kuponyera. Mu kupanga nkhani zachitsulo ndi kufa akuponya angapo mavuto: chifukwa crystallization lodabwitsa mwa castings akhoza kupanga carbides, ferrite-graphite eutectic. Izi amachepetsa kulimba ndi kuvala kukana ya chitsulo. Nsaluzi zinkangokhala pamwamba wosanjikiza mu castings ngati n'kovuta kuti mankhwala ali oyenera kudula pokhapokha kutentha mankhwala (annealing), amene kumatha tsembwe.

Kapangidwe ka mawonekedwe

The kufa - ichi kawirikawiri amatha kuumba awiri, amene wokwera clamps (zikhomo), ndipo nthawi yomweyo pamaso kuthira osungunula zitsulo nkhungu atathana maloko. Gayo kuponyera imagwiridwa kudzera otchedwa mphamvu mabowo mpweya ndi zandichitikira mapulagi. amatha kuumba zitsulo popanda mbali cholumikizira otchedwa Ndigwire chanza Coquille.

Pamaso kuthira kugwiritsa zooneka ntchito pamwamba ankachitira wosanjikiza zakuthupi kuteteza zitsulo nkhungu ndi mantha matenthedwe ku mwadzidzidzi nyamuka kutentha. muyeso lotero kumathandiza kolowera kuponyera ndi nkhungu.

Zitsulo ndi chitsulo

Tsembwe kuponyera zitsulo ndi chitsulo kumachitika ntchito pulverized khwatsi, graphite, galasi madzi ndi refractory dongo monga ❖ kuyanika refractory. Pamaso nadzaza zitsulo nkhungu ayenera usavutike kutentha ena amene zimadalira makulidwe a malinga a kuponyera ndi aloyi ntchito.

Lamulo lalikulu kuti anakumana ndi chuma nkhungu - akukana kuti teploudaram mosalephera ndi kuthira achitsulo. Kodi ntchito kupangira amatha kuumba, imvi kuponya chitsulo, ductile chitsulo, structural, mpweya ndi zitsulo aloyi, ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo zamkuwa zotayidwa.

alimbane zitsulo nkhungu

Mtundu uwu wa sayansi, amene kuphatikiza ubwino m'chimake ndi okhazikika nkhungu kuponyera ndi kuipa kwa njira zonse ziwiri ankawachotsera. Njira imeneyi amakhala ndi osati wovulala kulimba komanso pliability chimene chimathandiza kutulutsa castings mkulu-cholondola, ndipo poyerekeza ndi m'chimake jekeseni, mtengo ndalama akamaumba zakuthupi kochepa.

Alimbane zitsulo nkhungu amapangidwa polemba danga pakati pa zitsulo kuponyera lachitsanzo pamwamba lamkati la nkhungu. The njira zambiri ntchito peskoduvny ndi filler. Kwa kudzaza osakaniza kudzachitika mchenga utomoni, m'mene amafotokozera kulumikiza ndi phenol formaldehyde utomoni (2-2.6%) ndi methenamine (10% mwa kulemera), ndi zinthu kuumitsa (binder - madzi galasi) ndi nyimbo ceramic (kulumikiza - ethyl silicate). The kufa ndi kuponyera chitsanzo ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 200, kutentha opatsirana kusakaniza amene ikamauma ndi ndipamene cladding wosanjikiza 3-5 mamilimita wandiweyani. Ochiritsira kapena chipolopolo mitima ntchito kuti agwire cavities mu castings lapansi.

Kuyengako

The kufa TACHIMATA ndi wosanjikiza zakuthupi refractory ndi mkangano. Kutentha opaleshoni ayenera kukhala madigiri osachepera mazana awiri, koma zimatengera osati pa aloyi ndi ntchito kuponyera, komanso kukula kwa kuponyera, ndi makulidwe a makoma ake ndi katundu amene amafunika kwa izo. Pambuyo Kutentha mu nkhungu zitsulo akhoza kukhazikitsa ndodozo, ceramic kapena mchenga, ngati izo ziri, kumene, chofunika ndi dongosolo kuponyera, ndiyeno nkhungu amachepetsa likugwirizana ndi zotseka mwamphamvu ndi tatifupi wapadera. Ngati yopanga kuponyera kumachitika mu clamping makina, limagwiritsa ntchito yake mitundu lanu limagwirira. Pambuyo kukonzekera izi mu nkhungu zitsulo kudzazika ndi achitsulo.

Pamene akuponya kale anagula mphamvu zina za izo zikhoza pang'ono kuchotsa zitsulo ndodo. Izi kenako facilitates m'zigawo za castings chomaliza ndodo chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kuthamanga pa iwo ndi zitsulo solidifying.

Pambuyo kuponya chazirala kuti kutentha anakhumba, chitsulo nkhungu akhoza adzatsegulidwa. Pa nthawi iyi yotengedwa zitsulo ndodo, ndi kuponyera ndi kuchotsedwa nkhungu. mipiringidzo mchenga ndi kugonja, phindu, risers othamanga tadulidwa ndi chopangidwa ulamuliro mankhwala khalidwe, kenako ndondomeko lonse Mungathe kubwereza.

Patsogolo ulimi wa osewera atsopano mosamala akutsanzikana Ndege padziko nkhungu. The zikuchokera refractory umagwiritsidwa kamodzi kapena kawiri pa kosangalatsa, koma mu nkhani ya ukuchoka izo kwa wosanjikiza ntchito pamwamba n'kofunika kubwezeretsa.
Coquille Ayenera kuleredwa kutentha opaleshoni kachiwiri akamazizira nthawi mpaka pulasitala atachotsedwa. Ngati mankhwala ndi woonda-mipanda, mawonekedwe akamazizira; ngati kuponya chopangidwa anali mokwanira chachikulu, ndi tsembwe nkhungu mwina kutenthetsa pamwamba kutentha ntchito, ndipo kenako anagwiritsa ntchito mwapadera anapereka kwa dongosolo yozizira, kotero kuti pamaso lotsatira kuponyera mawonekedwe adzakhala mulimonse utakhazikika.

Kufa kuponyera siyikhuzana nthawi iliyonse komanso yaitali kanthu, kuchotsa ndondomeko yozizira kuponyera kuti kutentha ankafuna. ntchito kwambiri angathe kuchitidwa mu njila yokha makina, yemwe ali mmodzi wa mwayi zofunika kwa ndondomekoyi, koma chinthu chachikulu - kuti zitsulo nkhungu si imodzi kuchokera mawonekedwe.