Maselo magazi - ndi chiyani ichi? The zikuchokera maselo magazi

Mu thupi, zomwe ziri zabwino ndi thanzi, maselo magazi amapanga okwana magazi buku la 40 mpaka 48%. Ngati kuchuluka kwa particles ndi wolakwika, kusonyeza pamaso zotheka mu thupi la njira pathological. Kodi mtundu wa maselo a mwazi wotchuka? Inde, maselo ofiira, maselo oyera ndi maselo othandiza magazi kuundana.

The zikuchokera magazi a anthu

Magazi angatchedwe connective minofu amene ali mu mkhalidwe madzi. Nthawi zonse amazungulira pa mtima kulikonse akumidzi thupi ndi kukachita ntchito yofunika kwambiri. biofluid Izi ndi amene mayendedwe zakudya, mpweya ndi kufufuza zinthu, popanda zomwe n'zosatheka kagayidwe. Iwo amalenga zinthu kwa yachibadwa ya njira zimene analenga mu thupi la munthu.

Madzi a m'magazi ndi magazi maselo ndi zigawo za magazi. Madzi a m'magazi Amakhala makamaka wa madzi, mmene zigawo zikuluzikulu kusungunuka koyenera kuti otaya kwambiri m'thupi.

Magazi ali ndi kukhuthala, izi zimakhudza kuthamanga mkati chotengera ndi makope ake. Voliyumu ya magazi m'thupi zimadalira msinkhu ndi Kapangidwe ka thupi la munthu. Kwenikweni izo ranges ku malita anayi kapena asanu.

Pali magulu magazi zinayi, ndi zikuchokera yeniyeni. Atsimikiza ndi kusanthula yapadera, anatengedwa kuchokera khanda, zili ndi mapuloteni mu magazi. gulu sikusintha moyo. Ndi nkhani kusintha kokha munthu magazi a latsopano pamaso pa kuvulala kapena zikunena opaleshoni.

Mchitidwe wa maselo a mwazi

Maselo amenewa apangidwa kugwira ntchito n'kofunika anthu. Ndimapanga zinthu kupanga maziko a maselo deta.

• Ntchito zoyendera udindo kulanda zinthu zogwirizana m'madera onse thupi. Mitsempha ya magazi chingathe kupereka zipangizo zonse ndi ziwalo zofunika kugwira ntchito yachibadwa mwa mankhwala.
• Ntchito kupuma angatiombole mpweya wochokera m'mapapo kuti zimakhala onse ndi ziwalo, ndi kubwerako mpweya kumbuyo mu mapapo.
• Ntchito Excretory ndi kutchinga mabungwe zoipa ndi kuwachotsa thupi mwa machitidwe ndi ziwalo anafuna kuti cholinga ichi.
• Ntchito zakudya pofuna maselo ndi ziwalo zipangizo zofunika, kunachititsa chitetezo cha m'thupi.
• ntchito zolimbana amatithandiza kusungabe bwino pakati zinthu zofunikira ndi zoipa. Thunthu anakhumba kudzera magazi amachokera m'madera onse a chamoyo ndi zoipa kuchotsedwa therefrom.
• Ntchito Trophic chofunika kudyetsa zakudya matupi kulowa m'thupi kudzera khoma matumbo.
• Ntchito zoteteza ukufanizidwa ndi mitundu itatu. Ntchito Phagocytic chimathandiza mayamwidwe maselo wathanzi ndi matenda HIV. Homeostatic amalimbikitsa magazi clotting pamene kukhulupirika kwa zotupa, amakhala otaya njira yeniyeni m'magazi. Ntchito yachitatu - thermoregulatory. Magazi kumatanthauza thermoregulation wa thupi, kuteteza kutenthedwa ndi overcooling.
• ntchito imene ambiri ndi maselo udindo magazi - ndi zoyendera homeostatic ndi zoteteza.

Education ndi kuphunzira zinthu deta magazi

Inasinthira zinthu magazi a anthu anapanga mu ziwalo magazi kupanga. Iwo ndinapatsidwa maudindo osiyana mu thupi. Ngati munthu kudwala nthawi yomweyo pambuyo kusasitsa iwo kulowa plasma, amafalitsidwa thupi lonse ndi yomweyo anayamba kuchita utumiki umenewu. Ngati munthu ali ndi matenda aakulu, zinthu izi angabwere kwa mafupa, potsiriza kukhwima.

Ndi corpuscles magazi ndi maselo ofiira, maselo oyera ndi maselo othandiza magazi kuundana.

Masiku ano, kuti aone ngati chiwerengero yachibadwa, kuwunika anapereka katswiri, kenako mukhoza kuphunzira zimene zimapanga alipo mu plasma zedi osakwanira.

Ngati m'masiku akale, amaphunzitsidwa okha pored chuma, kuwunika imagwiridwa lero ntchito zipangizo zapadera. Izi zimathandiza mu nthawi yochepa kupeza zotsatira zolondola.

The zikuchokera maselo magazi

maselo magazi Red - maselo ofiira - amapanga misa lalikulu la chiwerengero cha zinthu yunifolomu. Hemoglobin, ladzala ndi chitsulo, mbali ya maselo ofiira ndi udindo yobereka mpweya wa thupi. Chifukwa hemoglobin m'magazi ndi wofiira mosavuta kupanga mankhwala ndi oxygen. njira makutidwe ndi okosijeni zimadalira kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin.

Ndi magazi corpuscles mulinso leukocytes, ntchito zoteteza. Malinga ndi kukula awo ali zambiri maselo ofiira. The tizilombo otsekeredwa mu magazi, ndipo m'mimba anagwira deta zinthu.

Othandiza (thrombocytes) ali ndi udindo clotting magazi.

Cholinga cha maselo ofiira

Maselo amenewa magazi (RBCs) amafanana mu mawonekedwe yokhota kumapeto mawilo a awiri ena. Chifukwa kusinthasintha ake mosavuta adutsa pa capillaries ndi mitsempha wamng'ono thupi.

Magazi munthu lili ndi kuchuluka yaikulu ya maselo ofiira a magazi, kuti ngati mumanga unyolo, kumene zinthu izi zidzawatsata mzake, iwe maulendo angapo kuti kukulunga lapansi pa dziko. Zimenezi zimathandiza kupanga ali mogwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa maselo pa lita.

A chokwanira cha maselo a magazi oimira ana akhanda anthu okalamba amuna ndi akazi, ndi fluctuates malire ena.

maselo ofiira ndi 95% wa hemoglobin ndi, mwakuti angathe mosavuta adzadziphatika maatomu mpweya ndi detach iwo. Magazi apindula ndi mpweya umayenda mwa mitsempha ndi amakhala ndi mtundu yowala.

Kumakhaladi akuda kwambiri popereka mpweya mzinda zinyalala. Ndiye iye iri yofulumira kudzera mitsempha mtima, njira likufa kuyeretsedwa. Kufufuza kapangidwe ka maselo ofiira a magazi, onetsetsani kuti akhazikitse mmene hemoglobin zili mwa iwo okha.

Cholinga cha zimene amachita maselo amenewa magazi - ndi yobereka mpweya ndi zinthu zofunika kuti maselo onse, kukonza otsiriza mankhwala oipa ndi yobereka awo kuti ziwalo dongosolo excretory.

Kutalika kwa moyo wa maselo ofiira

maselo ofiira ndi moyo kwa miyezi inayi. Pambuyo imeneyi zagonjetsedwa kwa azingokhala, ndi chifukwa zochita zovuta anapanga chinthu poizoni wotchedwa bilirubin. Iwo kwatha mu chiwindi, ndi chigawo chimodzi cha ya ndulu, motsogoleredwa mu rectum ndi apo kumatanthauza njira m'mimba. Ndiye kuchuluka waukulu bilirubin m'manungo pamodzi ndi ndowe ndi yotsala akapulumuka kwa mkodzo ndi akukonza kusefera ndi impso ndi.

maselo ofiira akhoza ziboola ziwembu awiri yeniyeni. Iwo akhoza umeze maselo ena otchedwa phagocytes, amene cholinga kuchotsa thupi la onse zosafunika. A ambiri phagocytes lili chiwindi ndi ndulu, choncho matupi nthaŵi zina amatchulidwa malo m'manda a zinthu deta ya magazi. Chiwembu chachiwiri za kuwonongeka kwa maselo ofiira mu ndondomeko chiwonongeko cha chipolopolo wawo mu magazi. Komanso, pali ndondomeko ya kusankha zamoyo, ngakhale pamene watsopano, koma izo ndi ofooka kapena chilema maselo ofiira magazi anawonongedwa pa magazi kudzera ziwiya.

Tikumbukenso kuti matenda ena amatha kuchepetsa nthawi ya moyo maselo a magazi. Mogwirizana ndi nthenda yotaya magazi awo amaoneka precursors maselo a magazi m'kati hematopoiesis - reticulocytes. Iwo zingakhale zovuta kukhwima. A ambiri reticulocytes akusonyeza pamaso pa kuvutika mu thupi.

Kachulukidwe corpuscular buku zingasiyane pang'ono. Nthawi zambiri, akhoza kudwala zinthu zosiyanasiyana zokhudza thupi ndi makhalidwe zachilengedwe. The chokwanira maselo akhoza zosiyanasiyana mchikakamizo cha matenda osiyanasiyana.

kutanthauza leukocytes

zinthu zina magazi - leukocytes - azindikire tizilombo toyambitsa matenda otsekeredwa mu thupi, kufa kapena likufa kusintha maselo, kuyamwa ndi kupasuka iwo. Leukocytes ndi mbali yofunika ya chitetezo cha m'thupi.

Kodi mitundu isanu ya maselo oyera. kuchuluka yaikulu opangidwa mu mafupa ndi mbali yaing'ono - mu mwanabele ndi ziwalo zina. Kwenikweni kupanga chiwerengero cha zili leukocytes mu madzi a. Chifukwa leukocytes wapadera zasayansi tikhoza chilinganizo lomwe limasonyeza anapangira mitundu ya leukocytes ndi ubale wawo ndi mfundo.

Kuchuluka kwa zinthu izi mchikakamizo cha zinthu zina zikhoza kusintha pafupipafupi tsiku lonse: atatha kudya thupi, zosangalatsa mu kusamba, ntchito ya chakumwa chotentha. Pambuyo okhutira mankhwala leukocyte angadwale kwambiri, Koma ngati wodwala kumwa mankhwala alionse, m'pofunika kuti auze luso ndi kwa nthawi inayake isanafike yobereka kuwunika satenga mankhwala.

kuwunika bwino kutenga m'mawa pa chopanda kanthu m'mimba. Amagwiritsidwanso analangiza kusiya ntchito yonseyi ndi kusuta, musati amasamba kapena akusamba, kudziteteza ku nkhawa ndi zinthu zina kuti yambitsa chitetezo cha m'thupi.

mitundu ya maselo oyera

maselo oyera ndi kusiyana cholinga chawo, kapangidwe ndi zikuchokera. mitundu yonse ya leucocytes amanenedwa ndi luso kutayikira mwa mpanda wa capillaries mu nsalu, ndi kuwonongeka ndi kutenga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Ndi maselo magazi limakhudzanso mitundu zotsatirazi maselo oyera a m'magazi amene amachititsa zinthu zina:

• neutrophils ndi monocytes - kudziwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi zimakhala akufa ndi kuwaononga;
• eosinophils - mukulimbana ndi poizoni, basophils - allergens;
• cholinga chake ndi lithe chitetezo lymphocytes udindo kukumbukira m'thupi.

Nthawi moyo wa leukocytes

Zachisangalalo anapanga zinthu za deta amadalira zinthu zina ndipo ukhoza kwa maola angapo kwa zaka zingapo. Ambiri maselo oyera aphedwa Inde ya kulimbana wosiyana ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mwachitsanzo. A. Odabwitsa otsiriza, iwo akhoza kuphulika.

Mu malo imfa ya zinthu izi anapanga (maselo oyera) aumbike mafinya, kuchititsa nkhondo maselo atsopano m'thupi.

Ngati zotsatira akusonyeza kusiyana kwambiri pakati pa chiwerengero cha maselo oyera ndi wabwinobwino, izi zingasonyeze chitukuko cha pathologies chifukwa zolemekezeka. Kukhala ndi lingaliro za matenda, muyenera kuyezedwa ndi katswiri.

kusiyana othandiza magazi kuundana

Ambiri zing'onozing'ono maselo magazi - izo othandiza magazi kuundana. Iwo amaoneka ngati mbale tomwe tiri ndi udindo kwa clotting magazi. Okhwima mu m'mafupa, maselo othandiza magazi kuundana ndi ozama mu madzi a. Nyengo ya moyo wa othandiza magazi kuundana magazi amatenga pafupi eyiti masiku, kenako iwo anawonongedwa mu ndulu ya.

maselo magazi (othandiza magazi kuundana) amanenedwa ndi zoyendayenda, ndi yankho yomweyo kuti kusintha mu umphumphu wa khungu ndipo zimakhala mkati mwa thupi. Nthawi yomweyo iwo amaoneka matenda malo, glued pamodzi ndi kuonongeka minofu malo, mphamvu zigawo zina. Chifukwa ili mochedwa bala, machiritso ndi watsimikiza. Maselo amenewa magazi - kupulumutsidwa ku thupi ndi kuteteza kuukha.

N'kulemba kupatsidwa zinthu za m'mwazi amayezedwa zikwi pa 1 microliter magazi. Kwa azibambo, ponseponse ndi 200-400 zikwi mayunitsi / ml, ndi akazi - 180-320 zikwi mayunitsi / ml. amanena osakwanira kungayambitse kutalikitsa machiritso a zilonda ndi magazi ochuluka omwe kumayambitsa matenda aakulu. Yafupika kupatsidwa zinthu za m'mwazi tawerenga mu magazi ungabweretse mwangozi zifukwa zina: chosowa mavitamini ena, zakudya yaitali, chifuwa kuti mankhwala, matenda ena ndi ena.

Kuchuluka kwa maselo othandiza magazi kuundana amachititsa mapangidwe kuundana nthenda magazi m'thupi. magazi kuundana anapanga chifukwa akukankha pamodzi maselo othandiza magazi kuundana ndi makoma chotengera. Iwo amatha sakuchitira otaya magazi, zomwe zina imfa ngati magazi kuundana zili m'dera la mtima kapena ubongo. Ngati magazi aumirira atseka chida mbali ina ya thupi lopanda minofu chakudya akuyamba kufa, zomwe zingachititse chilonda kapena sepsis.

Choncho, maselo magazi - ndi maselo udindo zochititsa mosamalitsa anagawira wapadera.