Masamu Perelman Yakobo: chopereka kwa sayansi. Odziwika bwino Russian masamu Grigory Perelman

Masamu Perelman - munthu wotchuka, ngakhale kuti iye amatsogolera moyo yekhayekha munjira ina iliyonse atolankhani. Umboni wa a Poincare kungolota, n'kuzitentha nachiyika pa ndime ndi asayansi kwambiri pa mbiri ya dziko. Masamu Perelman anakana mphoto ambiri operekedwa ndi asayansi. Munthu uyu anakhala wodzichepetsa ndi kwathunthu wodzipereka kwa sayansi. Kumene, za izo ndi kutsegula m'pofunika kunena mwatsatanetsatane.

Atate Grigory Perelman

June 13, 1966 anabadwa Grigoriy Yakovlevich Perelman, ndi masamu. Yerekezani mu ankalamulira pang'ono, koma wotchuka kwambiri ndi m'nkhani ino. Iye anabadwa mu Leningrad - likulu chikhalidwe cha dziko lathu. bambo ake anali katswiri magetsi. Iye sanasowe kuchita ndi sayansi, monga ambiri amakhulupirira.

Yakov Perelman

wotchuka kwambiri kukhulupirira kuti Gregory - mwana Yakov Perelman kudziwika popularizer wa sayansi. Komabe, izi ndi zolakwika, chifukwa anafa kuzinga Leningrad mu March 1942, kotero iye sakanakhoza kukhala atate a masamu kwambiri. Munthu ameneyu anabadwa mu Bialystok, mzinda womwe poyamba anali wa Russian Ufumu tsopano mbali ya Poland. Yakov Isidorovich anabadwa mu 1882.

Yakov Perelman, umene uli osangalatsa kwambiri, komanso anakopeka masamu. Komanso, anali ndi chidwi zakuthambo, sayansi. Munthu uyu imatengedwa tate wa chotchedwa sayansi ndi oyamba amene analemba mabuku mu mtundu wanyimbo wa sayansi mabuku otchuka. Iye ndiye mlengi wa "Live Masamu" mabuku. Perelman walemba mabuku ena ambiri. Komanso, zolemba chake kumaphatikizapo nkhani zoposa zikwi. Monga m'buku ngati "Masamu Live", Perelman ali masamu ake zosiyanasiyana zokhudza sayansi. Ambiri a iwo afanane ndi nkhani yochepa. Bukuli cholinga makamaka kwa achinyamata.

Tinganene ndi chochititsa chidwi komanso buku limene wolemba - Yakov Perelman ( "ndimasewera masamu"). Trilliard - Kodi mukudziwa nambala iyi? Izi ^{21 October.} Mu Soviet Union kwa nthawi yaitali, awiri mamba kufanana kulibe - "lalifupi" ndi "nthawi". Malinga Perelman, "lalifupi" ntchito kuwerengetsera ndalama ndi zinthu za tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo "nthawi" - m'mabuku maphunziro pa sayansi zakuthambo. Choncho, trilliarda kwa sikelo "lalifupi" kulibe. October ²¹ likutchedwa sextillions. mamba izi zimasiyana kwambiri.

Komabe, ife sitikhala, ndiponso pa izi kusiya ndi kupita mu nkhani ya chopereka kwa sayansi, amene anapanga izo Gregory m'malo Isidorovich Yakobo, amene zikayenda akhala pasanathe wodzichepetsa. Mwa njira, chikondi cha sayansi Gregory anaika osati Dzina lake lodziwika.

Mayi Perelman ndi kukopa kwake pa Gregory

Mayi wa wasayansi tsogolo anaphunzitsa masamu pasukulu ntchito. Komanso, iye anali woyimba zeze luso. Mwina kukonda masamu komanso chakale nyimbo Gregory anatenga pa izo kwa iye. Onse ali mofanana anakopeka Perelman. Tikakumana ndi kusankha kumene kuchita - mu inali kapena mu sukulu luso mkulu, iye sakanakhoza kusankha. Amene amadziwa zimene likanakhala Grigoriy Perelman, ndinaganiza kuti maphunziro nyimbo.

Childhood tsogolo wasayansi

Kale pa achinyamata Gregory osiyana kulemba mawu, onse olembedwa ndi m'kamwa. Iye nthawi zambiri chidwi ndi aphunzitsi m'sukulu. Mwa njira, mpaka 9 kalasi Perelman anaphunzira ku sukulu ya sekondale, zikuoneka lililonse, amene kwambiri pa mphepete. Ndiyeno mphunzitsi wa Palace ya Apainiya anaona mnyamata walunthayu. Anamutengera maphunziro a ana wamphatso. Izi zachititsa kuti chitukuko cha luso lapadera Perelman.

Kuthana pa masewero a Olympic, maphunziro

Kuyambira pamenepo amayamba wosaiwalika kupambana kwa Gregory. Mu 1982 iye analandira ndi n'kulandira mendulo ya golidi pa Budapest Mayiko masamu Olympiad. Iwo Perelman nawo ndi gulu la ana a sukulu Soviet. Iye analandira mphambu zonse, kusankha ntchito zonse mwangwiro. Eleventh kalasi pa St. Gregory anamaliza chaka chomwecho. Khrisu nawo mpikisano uwu yapamwamba anatsegula iye zitseko zabwino sukulu ya dziko lathu. Koma Grigoriy Perelman sanali mmenemo, komanso anapambana n'kulandira mendulo ya golidi.

N'zosadabwitsa kuti anali m'gulu popanda mayeso pa Leningrad University State, Zimango ndi Masamu luso. Mwa njira, golide Mendulo mu sukulu Gregory, oddly mokwanira, sanalandire. Izi zinathandiza kuti adziwe za Education thupi. Kulola masewera malamulo panthawiyo anali lamulo kwa aliyense, kuphatikizapo amene ali kovuta kulingalira ndekha mzati kudumpha kapena mowa. Mu nkhani zina iye anaphunzira ku asanu.

Phunziro pa LSU

Kwa zaka zingapo zotsatira, wasayansi tsogolo anapitiriza maphunziro ake pa LSU. Iye anakhala nawo ndi kupambana kwakukulu mu mpikisano zosiyanasiyana masamu. Perelman anatha ngakhale kulandira yapamwamba Lenin maphunziro. Popeza anakhala mwini rubles 120 - ndalama zambiri masiku amenewo. Ziyenera kukhala, pamene iye ankakhala bwino.

Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti Masamu ndi Zimango a University, chimene chimatchedwa St. Petersburg, anali mu zaka Union, mmodzi wopambana mu Russia. Mu 1924, mwachitsanzo, anamaliza V. Leontyev. Nthawi yomweyo pambuyo akamaliza maphunziro, iye analandira Nobel Prize mu zachuma. sayansi iyi ngakhale kutchedwa atate wa chuma American. Leonid Kantorovich okha zoweta wopambana mphoto imeneyi, iwo chopereka awo sayansi, anali pulofesa matmeha.

Kupitiriza maphunziro, moyo mu US

Titamaliza LSU Grigoriy Perelman analowa Steklov masamu Institute, kukapitiriza maphunziro awo ku sukulu maphunziro. Posachedwapa, anaulukira ku US kuti apereke bungwe maphunziro. dziko lino wakhala ankaona boma la ufulu wonse, makamaka pa nthawi Soviet pakati pa anthu okhala m'dziko lathu. Kuwona maloto ake ambiri, koma masamu Perelman sanali mmodzi wa iwo. Zikuoneka kuti mayeserowo kuti zinaonedwa ndi West iye. Scientist akadali adatsogolera wosalira zambiri, ngakhale wowuma pang'ono. Anadya masangweji tchizi kuti anasambitsidwa pansi ndi yogurt kapena mkaka. Ndipo ndithudi, masamu Perelman ankagwira ntchito mwakhama. Makamaka, anali kuphunzitsa. Scientist anakumana ndi masamu anzake. America zaka 6 anali nazo.

Bwererani ku Russia

Gregory anabwerera ku Russia mu anayambitsa mbadwa. Apa iye anagwira ntchito kwa zaka 9. Inali pa nthawi imeneyi, ayenera kukhala, ndipo iye anayamba kumvetsa kuti njira yopita ku "luso choyera" ndicho kudzera kudzipatula, ndi kudzipatula kwa anthu. Gregory anaganiza nadzawasankhula maunansi awo ndi Co-antchito. Wasayansi anaganiza logwirana yekha Leningrad nyumba yake ndi kuyamba ntchito yaikulu ...

mtunda

N'zovuta kufotokoza kuti Perelman anatsimikizira mu masamu. Only okonda lalikulu la sayansi angamvetsetse tanthauzo la anapeza wake. Tidzayensa chinenero Kufikika kulankhula za amanena kuti anapatsa Perelman. Gregory anasolola mtunda. Ndi nthambi ya masamu zambiri amatchedwanso Masamu pa pepala ndi mphira. maphunziro mtunda wa akalumikidzidwa zojambula kuti zimasungika pamene mawonekedwe akufunitsitsa, wopota, kapena anatambasula. M'mawu ena, ngati mwamtheradi elastically olumala - popanda splices, mabala ndi yopuma. The mtunda ndi kofunika kwambiri chifukwa amalanga monga sayansi masamu. Iwo amapereka lingaliro la katundu wa mlengalenga. Tikuyankhula Pankhaniyi za malo wopandamalire, amene nthawi zonse kuwonjezera, kuti ndi chilengedwe.

The Poincaré kungolota

The kwambiri French sayansi, masamu ndi nzeru zapamwamba Zh. A. Puankare anabweretsa amanena woyamba pankhaniyi. Izi zinachitika mu zaka za m'ma 20. Koma tisaiwale kuti iye anapanga kopanda, osati anabweretsa umboni. Perelman anamveketsa ntchito yanga kutsimikizira amanena, tikuona patapita zaka yothetsera masamu ndiye agwirizanenso.

Pamene anthu kulankhula za zomwenso ake, ambiri ayamba motere. Tengani chimbale mphira. Iwo Mudzagwetse pa mpirawo. Motero, mudzakhala malo awiri ooneka enieni. Nkofunikira kuti circumference a chimbale wakhala anasonkhana pa mfundo imodzi. Mwachitsanzo, mungachite ndi rucksack mwa kukoka ndi zingwe chingwe wake. Likukhalira dera. Ndithudi, ife ndi atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena, koma ndi ziwiri ooneka enieni maganizo a masamu.

Mukatero yambani kale zooneka zolosera ndi kulingalira, amene ali ovuta kuona munthu wosadziwa. Tsopano izo ziyenera kupereka malo atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena, mpira anatambasula pa chinachake kuti apita ku dera lina. Atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena dera, malinga ndi ganizo loperekedwa - yekha alipo atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena chinthu, amene angatengedwe ku Wonenedwa "gipershnurom" nthawi ina. Umboni wa Lingaliro Lovomerezeka izi zimatithandiza ife kumvetsa zimene mawonekedwe ndi chilengedwe. Komanso, kuthokoza kwa izo tikhoza kuganiza kuti chilengedwe ndi pali malo atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena.

Poincaré zosatsimikizika ndi chiphunzitso Big Bang

Tikumbukenso kuti amanena ndi kutsimikizira chiphunzitso Big Bang. Ngati thambo umodzi "chithunzi", kukusonyeza kuti anthu omwe - luso kukokera pa nthawi ina, kutanthauza kuti n'zotheka ndi Tambasula chimodzimodzi. funso n'lakuti: ngati ndi dera, kodi kunja chilengedwe chonse? Kodi munthu amene ali ndi mankhwala sekondale za thupi dziko chimodzi chokha Lapansi ndipo ngakhale chilengedwe chonse, kudziwa chinsinsi ichi? Anthu amene ali ndi chidwi, mungapereke kwa onani ntchito za dziko wotchuka wina masamu - Stephen Hawking. Komabe, sathabe tinganene pa izi mphambu chinachake konkire. Tiyeni ndikuyembekeza kuti wina Perelman ndipo adzatha kuthetsa chithunzi uwoneka m'tsogolo, amene amazunza ndingaliro ya ambiri. Amene amadziwa, mwinanso nokha Grigoriyu Yakovlevichu akadali kuchita izo.

The Prize Nobel mu masamu

Perelman sanalandire izi mphoto yapamwamba chifukwa chopindula chake chachikulu. Zachilendo, sichoncho? Ndipotu mosavuta anafotokoza ngati timaona kuti mphoto imeneyi kulibe. Nthano lonse zifukwa oimira Nobel mosatsata sayansi zofunika analengedwa. Mpaka lero, osati kupereka ya Nobel Prize mu masamu. Perelman mwina alandira izo ukadakhalapo. Pali nthano kuti chifukwa cha kukana Nobel masamu ndi izi: ndi nthumwi ya sayansi adamsiya mkwatibwi. Ngati kapena ayi, koma mkubwela kwa 21 m'ma chilungamo potsiriza adalakika. Basi ndiye panali bonasi lina masamu. Tiuzeni mwachidule za mbiri yake.

Kodi Mphoto ya Institute of Clay?

David Hilbert pa Congress mayiko a masamu unachitika mu 1900 ku Paris, anapereka mndandanda monga mavuto 23 kuthetsedwa m'zaka latsopano 20. Chibwenzi analola 21 a iwo. Mwa njira, maphunziro a LSU matmeha YV Matiyasevich mu 1970 anamaliza chisankho cha 10 cha mavuto amenewa. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 21 ngati iye mndandanda anali wasenza mu Institute of Clay American, wopangidwa mwa mavuto zisanu ndi ziwiri mu masamu. Iwo ayenera kuthetsa m'zaka 21. Linapereka madola miliyoni analengeza chigamulo cha aliyense wa iwo. Ngakhale mu 1904, iye anakonza ndi Poincaré imodzi ya ntchito zimenezi. Iye anayika patsogolo pa amanena kuti malo anayi ooneka enieni onse atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena pamwamba, homotypic ofanana dera ndi homeomorphic kwa izo. Mu mawu osavuta, ngati atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena pamwamba yofanana ndi njira dera la, n'zotheka kutambasula mu dera wina. mawu awa wasayansi ndi limatchedwa chilinganizo cha chilengedwe chifukwa kufunikira kwake kwa kamvedwe ka njira zovuta thupi, komanso chifukwa chakuti yankho ndi funso kwa mawonekedwe ya chilengedwe chonse. Izo ziyenera kuti kupezeka n'chofunikira zikuluzikulu za chitukuko cha nanotechnology.

Choncho, Clay Masamu Institute waganiza kusankha 7 ntchito yovuta kwambiri. Chigamulo cha aliyense wa iwo zinalonjezedwa madola milioni. Ndipo apa pakubwera ku anapeza ndi Iye Grigoriy Perelman. Prize chifukwa masamu, ndithudi, amapita kwa iye. Iye anazindikira mwachilungamo msanga, popeza mu 2002 lofalitsidwa zimene anachita mu chuma Internet yachilendo.

Perelman anali kupereka Mphoto Clay

Choncho, mu March 2010, iye amaitcha ndi choyenera mphoto Perelman. Prize mu masamu kumatanthauza kupeza mkhalidwe chidwi, kuchuluka amene anali $ 1 miliyoni. Gregory anayenera kuti akamutenge iye chifukwa umboni wa Lingaliro Lovomerezeka Poincare a. Komabe, mu June 2010, kuyendetsedwa ndi wasayansi anawanyalanyaza Paris msonkhano masamu limene iye anali kutenga malo ulaliki wa mphoto imeneyi. A July 1, 2010, Perelman analengeza chokana poyera. Komanso, ndalama kuika kwa iye, konse, ngakhale zopempha zonse.

Chifukwa masamu Perelman anakana mphoto?

Gregory anafotokoza chifukwa chakuti chikumbumtima salola iye kupeza miliyoni, kuika masamu ena angapo. Wasayansi ananena kuti anali ndi zifukwa zambiri monga kutenga ndalamazo, sanawatengere iwo. Iye sakanakhoza kusankha. Chifukwa chachikulu cha kulephera kwa mphoto Grigori Perelman, ndi masamu otchedwa kusagwirizana ndi asayansi. Iye ananena kuti amaona zochita wosalakwa. Gregory anati iye akukhulupirira kuti zopereka Hamilton, ndi German masamu, mu njira ya vutoli, zosachepera wake.

Mwa njira, pambuyo ngakhale anaonekera anecdote pankhaniyi: masamu nthawi zambiri kuonetsetsa mamilioni, mwinamwake munthu akadali angayerekeze kuwatenga. Patangotha chaka, kulephera kwa Perelman Demetrios Christodoulou ndi Richard Hamilton anali kupereka kwa Shaw Prize. Kukula kwa mphoto imeneyi mu masamu ndi madola miliyoni. mphoto Izi nthawi zina amatchedwa Nobel Prize wa East. Hamilton nacho icho kwa chilengedwe cha chiphunzitso masamu. Izo ndiye anayamba Russian ake masamu Perelman ntchito zake zoyenera umboni wa Poincaré kungolota. Richard analandira mphoto imeneyi.

mphoto zina, amene anakana Grigoriy Perelman

Mwa njira, mu 1996, Grigoriyu Yakovlevichu anali kupereka mphoto yapamwamba chifukwa masamu achinyamata ochokera m'midzi European masamu. Komabe, iye anakana kuulandira.

zaka 10 pambuyo pake, mu 2006, wasayansi anali kupereka minda Zikho kwa pothetsa Poincare kungolota. Gregory anakana ndipo Kuchokera m'menemo.

Science magazini mu 2006 wotchedwa umboni wa kungolota, ndipo analengedwa ndi Poincare, ndi yojambula sayansi chaka. Tikumbukenso kuti ndi ntchito yoyamba masamu, amene yapindula udindo umenewu.

David Gruber ndi Sylvia Nasar mu 2006 inalemba nkhani yakuti zobwezedwa Tsogolo. Iwo akunena Perelman wake vuto chisankho Poincare. Komanso, nkhani anafotokoza m'dera masamu, ndi pa sayansi alipo mfundo za makhalidwe. Iwo anapereka anafunsidwa kawirikawiri ndi Perelman. zambiri A zanenedwa za kutsutsako Shintana Yau, Chinese masamu. Pamodzi ndi ophunzira ake, iye anayesa kutsutsana ndi kukwaniritsa umboni wa Grigoriem Yakovlevichem. Atamufunsa, Perelman anati, "Alendo si ankaona anthu amene amaswa miyezo koyenela mu sayansi Anthu ngati ine -. Kuti munthu ali kudzipatula".

Mu September 2011, iye anakana ndipo kuchokera umembala mu Russian Academy of Sciences, katswiri wa masamu Perelman. mbiri yake anafotokoza m'buku lofalitsidwa mu chaka chomwecho. Kuyambira inu mukhoza kuphunzira zambiri za tsogolo la masamu, ngakhale mfundo zomwe mwapeza zachokera umboni wa lachitatu maphwando. Mlembi wake - Masha Gessen. Buku linapangidwa pamaziko a mafunso m'kalasi, aphunzitsi, ogwira nawo ntchito ndi ogwira nawo Perelman. Sergei Rukshin, Uchitel Grigoriya Yakovlevicha, ananena za ntchito zake.

Grigoriy Perelman lero

Lero amatsogolera moyo yekha. Mwamphamvu atolankhani anyalanyaza masamu Perelman. Kodi moyo? Mpaka posachedwapa, Gregory ankakhala ndi amayi ake Kupchino. Ndipo mu 2014 wotchuka Russian masamu Grigori Perelman ali Sweden.