Mankhwala antimicrobial: mwachidule, ntchito ndi mayankho. Zothandiza kwambiri antimicrobial wothandizila

Mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuchiza matenda osiyanasiyana. Ndi kuwaletsa. Mankhwala okonzeka ku zipangizo masamba zosaphika, mchere, mankhwala, ndi D. Mixtura, ufa, mapiritsi, makapisozi zotero. Anatumizidwa ku mlingo mosamalitsa kumatanthauza. M'nkhaniyi tiona mankhwala antimicrobial.

Kodi antimicrobials?

Mbiri ya antimicrobials akuyamba anatulukira penicillin. Iye bwinobwino amalimbana mabakiteriya. Pa mfundo imeneyi, asayansi anayamba kubala antimicrobials kwa mankhwala achilengedwe kapena kupanga. mankhwala monga mwa gulu la "mankhwala". Nthumwi antimicrobial, mosiyana ndi ena, amapha tizilombo mwamsanga ndi efficiently. ntchito yawo ndi bowa zosiyanasiyana, staphylococci ndi T. D.

Antimicrobials - gulu lalikulu kwambiri mankhwala. Ngakhale osiyana dongosolo mankhwala ndi njira ya kanthu, amagawana angapo katundu yeniyeni. Kupha "tizirombo" maselo, osati zimakhala. Ntchito ya mankhwala amachepetsa ndi nthawi, chifukwa ngati mabakiteriya amayamba osokoneza.

Mitundu ya wothandizila antimicrobial

mankhwala antimicrobial anawagawa m'magulu atatu. Choyamba - ichi ndi chibadwa (d zitsamba, uchi, etc ...).

Chachiwiri - semisynthetic. Iwo agawidwa mu mitundu itatu:

• penicillin Antistaphylococcal (oxacillin). Ali yemweyo sipekitiramu antibacterial monga penicillin, koma ndi ntchito kwenikweni. Ikani kwa akulu ndi ana.
• Yotakata-sipekitiramu mankhwala. Zikuphatikizapo "Ampicillin" kuchita mabakiteriya galamu alibe (nsomba, etc. D.). Pakuti streptococcal ali layamba. Kulibiretu zimakhudzanso ena mabakiteriya ena (Klebsiella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , ndi zina zotero. D.). "Amoxicillin" imakhudzanso mtundu wachiwiri. Ndi kutsogolera m'kamwa mankhwala mu dziko. Onse a [mankhwala angathe kuperekedwa kwa akulu ndi ana.
• Pseudomonas penicillin. Pali subspecies awiri - carboxy ndi ureidopenitsilliny.

Chachitatu - kupanga antimicrobials. Ichi ndi gulu lalikulu la mankhwala.

Sulfonamides. Mankhwala a gulu amaikidwa, ngati pali tsankho kwa mankhwala kapena microflora kwa iwo sakulabadira. Mu kuchitapo ali yogwira kuposa sulfonamides mankhwala. Njirazi ndi monga:

• "Streptocide".
• "Norsulfazol".
• "Sulfadimezin".
• "Urosulfan".
• "Ftalazol".
• "Sulfadimetoksin".
• "Bactrim".

Quinolone ofanana nawo. Kwenikweni, gulu la mankhwala ntchito pa matenda a dongosolo genitourinary, enterocolitis, cholecystitis, etc., zaposachedwapa ndi zambiri ntchito opangidwa kuchokera quinolone latsopano ..:

• "Ciprofloxacin".
• "Norfloxacin".
• "Pefloksatsina".
• "Lomefloxacin".
• "Moxifloxacin".
• "Ofloxacin".

Ndi antimicrobial wothandizila kukhala sipekitiramu lonse kanthu kwambiri. Iwo layamba ndi mabakiteriya galamu HIV. Nthumwi antimicrobial analamula kuti matenda a matenda kupuma ndi mkodzo thirakiti, kapepala gastro-m'mimba.

Palinso gulu lachitatu la opangidwa kuchokera 8-hydroxyquinoline. Zikuphatikizapo angapo mankhwala amene antifungal, odana ndi parasitic ndi odana ndi bakiteriya ntchito ( "Nitroxoline", "Meksaform", etc.). Zotumphukira "nitrofurans" ( "furazolidone" ndi "Furatsilinom") ndi "nitroimidazole" ( "Tinidazole" ndi "Metronidazole").

Kodi antimicrobials?

Antiinfectives ali mitundu iwiri (pa Zotsatirapo):

• "Tsidny" (bakiteriya, fungicides, kapena viri- protozia-). Pankhaniyi chiwonongeko cha wothandizila opatsirana.
• "Malo amodzi" (ndi prefixes yomweyo). Pankhaniyi, kokha inaimitsidwa kapena kutsazikana tizilomboto chulutsa.

Ngati kuphwanya chitetezo chokwanira yoikika "tsidnye" mankhwala. Ndi mankhwala ayenera kusinthidwa nthawi kapena kugwiritsa ntchito ndi mankhwala ena.

Antimicrobials mwina ndi yopapatiza kapena osiyanasiyana zochita. Matenda ambiri amayamba ndi tizilomboto limodzi. Pankhaniyi "kupingasa" mankhwala osati kukhala sakhala ogwira, komanso zoipa kwa microflora phindu lake. Choncho, madokotala mankhwala opha kuti "chopapatiza 'sipekitiramu wa kanthu.

antimicrobials

Anti-yotupa ndi odana ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono wothandizira m'magulu atatu. Main - ndi mankhwala. Iwo agawidwa mu mitundu ikuluikulu 11:

• Beta-lactam. Pali magulu atatu: A (penicillin) ndi B (cephalosporins) ndi B (carbapenems). Izi yotakata-sipekitiramu mankhwala ndi zotsatira bacteriostatic. Letsani tizilomboto mapuloteni, kufooketsa chitetezo awo.
• Tetracyclines. Bacteriostatic, kanthu chachikulu - chopinga wa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono kaphatikizidwe mapuloteni. Iwo akhoza kukhala mu mawonekedwe a mapiritsi, mafuta ( "oletetrin", "amafunika tetracycline hydrochloride") kapena makapisozi ( "Doxycycline").
• Macrolides. Kuphwanya umphumphu wa Kakhungu ndi kulankhula mafuta.
• Aminoglycosides. Ndi kanthu bactericidal kuphwanya kaphatikizidwe mapuloteni.
• Fluoroquinolones. Kukhudza bactericidal, ziletsa michere bakiteriya. Kusokoneza DNA kaphatikizidwe tizilomboto.
• Lincosamides. Bacteriostats yolumikiza zigawo tating'onoting'ono Kakhungu.
• "Chloramphenicol". Apo ayi - "Chloramphenicol". Iwo ali kawopsedwe mkulu kwa mafupa ndi magazi. Choncho advantageously ntchito timitu (monga mafuta ndi).
• "Polymyxin" (M ndi B). Amachita kusankha mu zomera galamu-negative.
• TB. Zimagwiritsa ntchito ndi mycobacteria, koma ogwira kwa sipekitiramu lonse. Koma mankhwala amenewa TB alandire kuyambira amaonedwa kukhala kuthetsa ( "Rifampicin", "INH").
• Sulfonamides. Iwo ndi zotsatira zambiri mbali, kotero si ntchito lero.
• Nitrofurans. Bacteriostats, koma pa ndende mkulu - bactericides. Ntchito makamaka matenda: matumbo ( "furazolidone" "nifuroxazide" "Enterofuril") ndi kapepala mkodzo ( "FURAMAG" "furadonin").

Gulu lachiwiri - bacteriophages. Akutumikira monga njira kwa apakhungu kapena m'kamwa (rinsing, kuchapa, lotions). Ntchito wothandizila antimicrobial ntchito mu gulu ili ndi milandu dysbacteriosis kapena matupi awo sagwirizana anatani mankhwala.

Gulu lachitatu - antiseptic. Iwo amagwiritsa ntchito disinfection (chilonda chithandizo, mkamwa ndi khungu).

Best antimicrobial

"Sulfamethoxazole" - izi ndi zopambana antimicrobial wothandizira. Iwo ali sipekitiramu lonse kanthu. "Sulfamethoxazole" akugwira ntchito ndi tizilombo ambiri. Iwo midadada kagayidwe mabakiteriya ndiponso kupewa kubalana awo ndi kukula. "Sulfamethoxazole" - osakaniza antimicrobials. Chinali cholinga zochizira:

• matenda a njira ya mkodzo (cystitis, urethritis, prostatitis, pielita, pyelonephritis, chinzonono ndi matenda ena);
• pachimake ndi aakulu matenda;
• kupuma thirakiti;
• m'mimba matenda (matenda otsekula m'mimba, kolera, paratyphoid malungo, shigellosis, typhoid malungo, cholecystitis, gastroenteritis, cholangitis);
• ENT-ziwalo;
• chibayo;
• ziphuphu zakumaso;
• loyang'anizana;
• zithupsa;
• matenda bala;
• minofu zofewa abscesses;
• otitis TV;
• laryngitis;
• meninjaitisi;
• malungo;
• brucellosis;
• sinusitis;
• ubongo abscess;
• osteomyelitis;
• septicemia;
• toxoplasmosis;
• American South blastomycosis;
• ndi chiwerengero cha matenda ena.

Ntchito "SMZ" yaikulu, koma kufunsa dokotala, monga mankhwala, izo angapo a contraindications ndi zotsatira zake zoyipa. M'pofunika kuwunika ndende zake madzi a m'magazi.

ana antimicrobials

Antimicrobial mankhwala kwa ana loyenera kwambiri, malinga ndi matenda. Osati mankhwala onse kulandila chithandizo cha ana.

Gulu wothandizila antimicrobial muli mitundu iwiri ya mankhwala:

• Nitrofuranovye ( "furazolidone", "Furatsilinom", "furadonin"). Iwo bwino ziletsa mabakiteriya (Streptococcus, Staphylococcus ndi zina zotero. D.) Ndipo imayendetsa chitetezo cha m'thupi. Ntchito pa matenda a njira ya mkodzo thirakiti matumbo. Good ana ndi chifuwa. Imodzi ndi mankhwala ndi zina yoikidwiratu ascorbic acid.
• Hydroxyquinoline ( "intestopan", "yachikuda", "enteroseptol", "Nitroxoline"). Mankhwalawa amapha tizilombo ting'onoting'ono ndi inhibiting ntchito zawo zofunika (toyambitsa matenda a m'matumbo, kamwazi, malungo typhoid ndi zina zotero. D.). Ntchito matenda matumbo. "Nitroxoline" - ndi matenda thirakiti mkodzo.

Izo ntchito ndi chiwerengero cha mankhwala ena odana ndi yotupa. Koma kusankha kwawo zimadalira matenda a mwanayo. Ambiri ntchito Penicillin gulu. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa zilonda zapakhosi ndi matenda ena oyambitsidwa ndi streptococcus "A" amagwiritsidwanso ntchito penicillin «G» ndi «V».

mankhwala achilengedwe ali zinafotokozedwa chindoko, matenda meningococcal, Listeriosis, neonatal matenda (wotchedwa streptococcus "B"). Mulimonsemo, chithandizo akapatsidwa payekha, kutenga nkhani ya tolerability.

Ana odana ndi yotupa mankhwala

Mu Pediatrics kuonetsetsa magulu 3 waukulu wa mankhwala odana ndi yotupa :

• Fuluwenza ( "oxoline", "Alguire"). "Rimantadine" Kodi sudzatha HIV kwa maselo. Koma munthu amene ali kale mu thupi, sangachititse kuti. Choncho, mankhwala ayenera kumwedwa mu maola oyambirira ndi matenda. Ndipo ntchito kupewa encephalitis (pambuyo Mafunso Chongani kuluma).
• Antiherpethetical ( "Zovirax", "Acyclovir").
• Yotakata-sipekitiramu ( "Popanga madzi a gamma globulin"). Dibazol kumapangitsa chitetezo cha m'thupi, koma pang'onopang'ono. Choncho, makamaka ntchito kupewa fuluwenza. "Interferon" - ndi amkati mankhwala kuti amapangidwa m'thupi. Iwo imayendetsa mapuloteni mavairasi oyambitsa. Chifukwa, izo kumawonjezera kukaniza thupi mavairasi. "Interferon" kupewa matenda ambiri opatsirana ndi mavuto awo.

Antimicrobial ndi odana ndi yotupa njira yachibadwa

Mapiritsi, njira, ufa si nthawi zonse ntchito yomweyo. Ngati n'zotheka ntchito wothandizila antimicrobial, amene amapereka chikhalidwe, nthawi zina zilibe kufika pa onse pamaso wakuuzani. Komanso zitsamba ambiri, infusions ndi decoctions akhoza kuchotsa njira yotupa. Mndandanda:

• Kukonzekera zochokera wokoma, rosemary, alder, paini masamba;
• akupanga amadzimadzi thundu khungwa;
• Infusions wa oregano;
• liziwawa St. John;
• Hisope officinalis ;
• Burnet;
• mountaineer njoka;
• mlombwa zipatso;
• thyme;
• adyo;
• tchire masamba.

Ndingatani kudziletsa medicate ntchito antimicrobials?

Popanda mankhwala dokotala ntchito antimicrobials oletsedwa chifukwa chololera mankhwala. Cholakwika kusankha mankhwala kungachititse kuti chifuwa kapena ponso anthu tizilombo kuti simuli tcheru mankhwala. Pakhoza kukhala ndi khosi lotupa. Kupulumuka tizilomboto zingabweretse matenda aakulu, ndi chifukwa - maonekedwe a matenda m'thupi.