Mankhwala a penicillin semisynthetic yotakata-sipekitiramu

Zochizira pathologies ndi matenda kapena bakiteriya mu chikhalidwe, nthawi zambiri ntchito mankhwala. Komabe, chiwerengero chawo kwambiri kotero kuti odwala sangathe nthawi zonse kudziwa ndendende zimene mankhwala lidzayenere iye. Mwachibadwa, si koyenera kuchita kudzikonda. Sankhani njira yoyenerera kuti tithandize dokotala. Koma zofala kwambiri ntchito Penicillin semisynthetic. Iye amadziwika kwa zaka zoposa 80.

Kodi mankhwala?

Choncho, penicillin theka-kupanga ndi analogue a mankhwala achilengedwe, amene ali latsopano, katundu wofunika kwambiri, ndipo ankaona kuti waphindu kuposa zimene zinawonongedwa. Ndiko kuti, kuchita zinthu milandu pamene tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kukhala kukana kuti zotsatira za Penicillin achilengedwe.

Mankhwala gulu ili ndi pakati pa yabwino kwambiri ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha matenda Chotero ntchito ambiri zokwanira. Komanso, pafupifupi kwathunthu vuto lililonse kwa thupi. N'chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri zotchulidwa mu chithandizo cha amayi apakati ndi ana.

Semisynthetic Penicillin zambiri kugonjetsedwa ndi asidi, kotero zimatenga nthawi yaitali kuti apange miyala. Iye ali ndi zotsatira yaitali. Ndiko kuti, ndi gulu ili la mankhwala osokoneza bongo ambiri ndipo ankagwiritsa ntchito yochizira matenda.

Mfundo ntchito mankhwala a

Motero, ndalama operekedwa ndi gulu mu dongosolo ake ali ndi β-lactam mphete. Kuti limachititsa kuti asiye kupanga peptidoglycan selo tizilombo zoipa. Kuti kukula ndi kubalana wa tizilomboto ali chilili, si kusinthidwa, ndipo anamwalira. Pa nthawi yomweyo munthu maselo a thupi ndi zinthu zoipa sachiza, chifukwa zikuphatikizapo palibe peptidoglycan.

Komanso, β-lactam mphete amapereka kaphatikizidwe wa bakiteriya khoma selo kuti amakwiya nthenda kagayidwe m'menemo. Ambiri, theka-kupanga penicillin ndi othandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a ziwalo, opaleshoni kudwala.

ubwino wa ndalama

Choncho, muyenera kuganizira za ubwino wogwidwa ndi gulu la mankhwala. penicillin Semisynthetic ndi ubwino izi:

• Iwo amatha ntchito bwino ngakhale tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amene kale kukana kuti mtundu uwu wa mankhwala.
• mankhwala ambiri ndi sipekitiramu yotakata kanthu, ndiko kuti, angaphe ambiri mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana.
• penicillin kwambiri gulu ali ndi chuma zapadera: kukana kwa asidi m'mimba muzituluka. Ndiko kuti, piritsi sadzakhala sakhala ogwira kuposa jekeseni.

Features ya ntchito

Gulu la theka-kupanga penicillin ndi ambiri mwa mankhwala onse alipo. Zilipo zosiyanasiyana. Pa mankhwala mukhoza kugula madzi, mapiritsi, ufa kuswana kapena madzi kukonzekera jekeseni. ufa kawirikawiri ankanyamula mu galasi Mbale zina buku lomwe kutseka mphira kapu ndi kapu zitsulo. Pambuyo kutsegula botolo ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yomweyo mankhwala, mpaka pamene si kusungidwa mu bwino.

ufa anali ntchito kwa yokonza njira subcutaneous kapena mu mnofu. Chifukwa kuswana zake amagwiritsa madzi wapadera. Palinso ufa granulated amene akukonza kuyimitsidwa chifukwa makonzedwe m'kamwa. Nthawi zambiri, mawonekedwe mankhwala ntchito zochizira ana aang'ono.

Komabe, yofala kwambiri kupanga ndi miyala. Chifukwa chakuti mankhwala ena ankaimira gulu ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi asidi m'mimba, zosakaniza chachikulu iwo tayu. Ndiko kuti, ndi kothandiza ngati n'kotheka, ngakhale pambuyo kugwera kotentha.

Zikuonetsa ntchito

Pamaso pa matenda alionse opatsirana toyambitsa mu thupi dotolo ali ndi ufulu mankhwala mankhwala. penicillin theka-kupanga angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza matenda:

• Chibayo, matenda a pleura lapansi.
• Endocarditis khalidwe septic.
• matenda matenda amene anatsagana ndi njira yotupa ndi yodziwika ndi maonekedwe a mafinya.
• Tizilombo ta matenda.
• Sepsis.
• Peritonitis.
• Infection kukhosi, mphuno kapena makutu.
• Meninjaitisi.
• Gasi chilonda.
• Diphtheria.
• Chinzonono, chindoko.
• Leptospirosis.
• Chofiira malungo.
• Opatsirana matenda a ureters ndi ducts ya ndulu.
• Chilonda matenda a khungu kapena zofewa zimakhala, amene anatsagana ndi mafinya.
• Gonococcal conjunctivitis, cellulitis wa mpita wa, keratitis, zoopsa kapena m'badwo wa diso.

Komanso, mndandanda angathe. Monga Tingaone umboni anapereka, penicillin ntchito pofuna kuchiza matenda pafupifupi onse ziwalo.

Kodi contraindications ndi kulibe?

Ngakhale kuti penicillin semisynthetic, kanthu sipekitiramu n'chachikulu kwambiri, pafupifupi kwathunthu vuto lililonse kwa anthu, tidakali ndi contraindications kugwiritsa ntchito:

1. Sayanjana mankhwala kapena zigawo zake.
2. Organic tsankho la magulu ena a mankhwala.

Komabe, liwuli wa ziwengo ndi laling'ono mokwanira. Koma poika mankhwala a penicillin dokotala liyenera kuunika kulolerana mtima wa ndalama izi.

zotsatira zomwe zapathengo kumachitika?

Zotsatira zake zoyipa za penicillin semisynthetic anafotokoza chokwanira. Iwo akhoza kukhala ndi mwamphamvu osiyana. Nthawi zambiri, zizindikiro ndi kochepa komanso kuwopsa kwa moyo ndi thanzi la wodwalayo sumabala. Atalandira Penicillin zochokera kukonzekera angakhalepo maganizo mbali:

• Kunyansidwa ndi kusanza.
• Eosinophilia.
• Kuwonjezeka kutentha okwana thupi.
• Kupweteka mutu.
• Bronchial kuphipha.
• Edema (ngakhale angioedema).
• Neurotoxic anachita.
• Artrapiya (mfundo yachiwiri chotupa chifukwa cha matenda ena).
• Zopweteka.
• Chikomokere.
• Sayanjana. Izo zikhoza kukhala wodekha kapena mwadzidzidzi.
• Phlebitis kapena thrombophlebitis (pamene kutumikiridwa m'nsinga).
• Stomatitis (ntchito piritsi chiphunzitso).

Mulimonsemo, mndandanda wa zochita chowawa angathe kalekale. Komabe, ndi discontinuation yake ya gulu zochita osafunika chichitike mwa masiku angapo. Komabe, chifuwa aakulu kungachititse kuti imfa ya wodwala. Choncho, ayenera contraindicated kwa penicillin mtundu uliwonse (ngakhale ndi chakudya).

gulu la chuma

Choncho kugawa mankhwala pamaziko a penicillin theka-kupanga akhoza kukhala magulu otsatirawa:

1. Penitsillinazostabilnye "Oxacillin", "Methicillin".
2. Karboksipenitsilliny "ticarcillin", "Carbenicillin".
3. pseudomonas:
4. Aminopenicillin: "Amoxicillin", "Ampicillin" (ambiri). Izi theka-kupanga yotakata-sipekitiramu penicillin si kugonjetsedwa ndi zotsatira za beta-laktanaz. Komabe, iwo angathe kumwedwa mu mawonekedwe mapiritsi.
5. Uridopenitsilliny "mezlocillin", "azlocillin".

Ngakhale kuti gulu lirilonse la wothandizira theka-kupanga pofuna kuthana ndi matenda ena, vuto la inefficiency sangathe pamodzi ndi mankhwala ena bacteriostatic. Izi zikhoza kuwononga thupi.

Kodi zosungunulira akanasankhidwa kuswana ufa?

Pofuna kukhazikitsa ndi intramuscularly mankhwala kapena subcutaneously, ufa ayenera lidzasanduka madzi. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, solvents zosiyanasiyana ntchito. Anthu ambiri ali: saline, madzi a jekeseni, komanso "Novocaine".

Ngati amaganiza makonzedwe mu mnofu wa mankhwala, ndiye pali angagwiritsidwe ntchito iliyonse mankhwala pamwamba. Koma siziyenera kukhala ofunda chifukwa mphamvu ya ufa pambuyo dilution mu nkhani iyi ikhoza kuchepetsedwa. M'chilimwe nthawi kuchepetsa kutentha kwa zosungunulira ndi zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ozizira. Monga pindani ndi ampoule mu chidebe cha madzi kwa mphindi zochepa. flakonchika kutentha sayenera upambana madigiri 18-20.

Pofuna kuchepetsa maganizo kusapeza popereka jekeseni, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito saline yachibadwa. Ngati wodwala kale safuna kumva kuwawa kulikonse, n'zotheka kupasuka ufa "Novocaine" lomwe lili m'dera mankhwala ochititsa kwenikweni. Komabe, mu nkhani iyi, madzimadzi okonzeka akhale mitambo chifukwa zikamera a procaine penicillin mchere. Komabe, khalidwe kapena mphamvu ya mankhwala si bwanji.

The mankhwala ambiri: kufotokoza mwachidule

Ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito penicillin theka-kupanga, mankhwala pa nkhani iliyonse munthu, zotchulidwa dokotala. Maantibayotiki yotchuka kwambiri ya gulu limeneli ndi izi:

• "Ampicillin". Ndi yotakata-sipekitiramu mankhwala ndi polimbana galamu alibe ndi ena mabakiteriya galamu HIV. Kuchokera m'mimba ndipo matumbo mankhwala imatsala pang'onopang'ono. Tolerability mankhwala abwino odwala ambiri. Pamene co-kutumikiridwa "Ampicillin" ndi anticoagulants m'kamwa kumawonjezera zotsatira za masika. Kulandira kutanthauza nthawi 4-6 / d.
• "Amoxicillin". Izi zikufanana ndi kukonzekera yapita, amene amakhala ndi Bole mayamwidwe zonse kwa mundawo m'mimba. Iwo zambiri anagulitsa mu mawonekedwe a mapiritsi, monga kugonjetsedwa ndi mavuto obwera chifukwa cha madzi chapamimba ndipo alibe kugwa imawalamulira.
• "Oxacillin". Mankhwala si kugonjetsedwa ndi asidi m'mimba, komanso michere amene angathe kuwononga Penicillin. Chifukwa chakuti izo mofulumira excreted mu mkodzo, izo kutenga nthawi. Mankhwala angagwiritsidwe ntchito mu mawonekedwe a jekeseni.

cephalosporins gulu

Pali gulu osiyana mankhwala: semisynthetic penicillin - cephalosporins. Iwo ndi ochokera ku zachilengedwe poizoni mankhwala "Cephalosporin C". Mankhwala gulu ankagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amphamvu zochizira matenda osiyanasiyana opatsirana.

Mankhwala mankhwala mu gulu ayenera dokotala yekha amene amadziwa za peculiarities zochita zawo. Mwachitsanzo, si onse kudzera loyamba ndi lachiwiri la m'badwo Amachitanso ogwira. Komabe, kukana bakiteriya kuti cephalosporins akufotokozera ndi pang'onopang'ono. Tikumbukenso kuti njira ya gulu ndi mokwanira amphamvu poizoni chikoka pa impso pamene kutumikiridwa ngakhale mlingo wochepa (4-6 g).

Ndi mbali zonse za mankhwala chopangidwa pamaziko penicillin. Ngakhale chitetezo cha mankhwala awa thupi, kudziletsa chinkhoswe Mulimonsemo zosatheka. Khalani wathanzi!