Malo opaleshoni a galasi: malo owopsa - kuwerengera. Malo omanga. Zitetezero za chitetezo

Kukhulupirika ndi ntchito yopanda mavuto kwa nyumba ndi nyumba ndi ntchito yomwe imafuna njira yoyenera. Sizinsinsi kuti malo omangako ndi gawo la kuwonjezeka kwa ngozi. Ndipo chimodzi mwa zosalungama kwambiri za malo ake ndi malo omwe galasi imagwiritsidwira ntchito ndi kusuntha. Asanayambe ntchito yonse yokhudzana ndi kukweza katundu, pamene malo ogwira ntchito a crane ayamba kale, malo oopsa ayenera kuwerengedweratu. Ndiko komwe kungakhale ndi zochitika zadzidzidzi zomwe zingakhale zogwirizana ndi ntchito zomwe zikuchitika, kapena kukhalapo popanda ntchito.

Malo opangira ganeyi atayikidwa. Malo oopsa - amawakhudza bwanji?

Tiyeni tiwone momwe mungathe kuwerengera malire a dera lodziwika bwino. Malire a malo oopsa a crane amagwira ntchito m'malo omwe amachititsa katunduyo kumanga. Kodi zimakhudza chiyani? Izi ndizomwe zimagwirira ntchito, koma osati zokhazokha. Kuyenera kuwonjezeredwa mtunda wofanana ndi theka laling'ono kakang'ono kunja kwa katunduyo yomwe idzasunthe.

Kenaka - onjezerani apa mtunda wocheperako kuti katundu wokhotakhota akhoza kutha, ndipo, kuwonjezeranso, kuwonjezera kukula kwa malo oopsa kwa kukula kwa kukula kwa katunduyo.

Malire a chigawo choyenera kutumikiridwa amadalira kukula kwake kwa boom yake (yotchedwa P (max)). Kuti mudziwe mtunda waung'ono womwe mungathe kuwuluka pamene mutha kugwa, (tidzanena za mtengo umenewu monga P (ex)), tiyenera kulingalira kutalika kwake.

Kuti mudziwe kutalika kwake kwa katundu wonyamula katundu, chotsani kutali ndi malo a zomangamanga mpaka pansi pa katundu, womwe umamangidwira pamtunda. Mitengo ya Stroepovka imapangidwa ndi kuthandizidwa ndi zipangizo zapadera, zotchedwa crosses, sling, ndi zina zotero.

Kuwerengera mwa njira

Kuti tifotokoze bwino, timapereka njirayi. Kuwerengera kwa malo oopsa a crane, molingana ndi izo, zikuwoneka ngati izi:

Pcr (o.s) = P (max.) Art. + 0.5 * P (min.) Gr. + P (max.) + P (max.) Gr.,

Kumeneko: Рcр (о.з.) - malo owerengeka a malo oopsa a gane opaleshoni;

P (max.) Art. - kufika kwakukulu kwa mzere wake mu mamita;

0,5 P (min.) Gr. - mtunda wautali kuchoka pa zochepa za katunduyo mu mamita;

P (ex) - Mtunda wochepa umene katundu angasunthire amatha kuthawa, (mu mamita);

P (max.) Gr. - kutalika kwake kwa miyeso yake mu mamita.

Momwe mungatchule malo oopsa pa malo omanga

Kumalire a madera amenewo kumene zinthu zoopsa zowonjezera zimagwira ntchito mu boma nthawi zonse, nkofunikira kukhazikitsa mipanda yotetezera. Madera omwe angathe kukhala owopsa ayenera kuzungulira ndi mipanda yamagetsi ndipo amadziwika ndi zizindikiro za chitetezo.

Choncho, pamene malo opangira galasi akufotokozedwa, malo oopsa pamtundawa amadziwika pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zakhazikitsidwa ndi GOST, zomwe zimakhala ndi ntchito yoteteza. Ayenera kuikidwa kuti malire awoneke bwino. Pa nthawi yamdima ya tsiku iwo amafunika kuunikiridwa.

Aikeni pamapangidwe apadera, omwe ayenera kukhala otetezeka kuti asagwere kuchoka pa anthu oyendayenda ndi magalimoto oyenda. Kulikonse kumene malo opangira galimoto amatha, malo oopsa akhoza kukhala pafupi ndi malo omwe anthu angapezeke (misewu ndi njira). M'madera amenewa, palinso zizindikiro zovomerezeka zoyenera.

Sichiloledwa kupereka malo osungirako malo, malo opumulira, ndime za anthu, ndiko kuti, malo aliwonse ogwira ntchito kosatha kapena osakhalitsa ogwira ntchito m'dera loopsa.

Zinthu zina zofunika

Ngati pamalo oopsa ntchito iliyonse iyenera kuchitidwa, mtundu umene suli wokhudzana ndi zomwe zinakonzedweratu, chochitikachi chiyenera kuti chikuphatikizidwa ndi kupereka chilolezo cha ntchito.

Ngati malo omangamanga ali okonzeka kotero kuti kuchokera kumbali imene nyumba yomangidwira ilipo, mulibe njanji za sitima zapamtunda, njira iliyonse yomwe ikuyang'anila iyenera kutsekedwa mwamphamvu.

Ngati galasi ili ndi maginito kapena nkhono, dera la ntchito yake liyenera kuwonetsedwa ndi zizindikiro zoyenera kulingana ndi GOST ndi kutsekedwa ndi malire.

Kumeneko, kumene galimoto imeneyi imagwira ntchito, anthu amaletsedwa kukhala. Kukonzekera kwazinthu zamagetsi ndi antchito antilla kumaloledwa kokha pakati pa ntchito, pamene maginito kapena chikhochi chimatenga malo otetezeka pansi.

Oyendetsa galimoto onse ndi ogwira ntchito anzawo akuyenera kuphunzitsidwa kuti asamachite zinthu zotetezeka pakagwira ntchito. Woyendetsa galimotoyo sakudziwa kokha kufotokozera kwa malo oopsa a ntchito ya crane ndipo amatha kukhazikitsa malire ake, komanso kumvetsetsa njira zosuntha maginito ndi grab.

Kodi magalasi ayenera kukhala ndi chiyani?

Ngati palibe osonkhanitsa ngongole pakati pa mbali imodzi ya crane - rotary ndi yosasinthasintha - payenera kukhala stop limiter.

Ndikofunika kupereka chipangizo choteteza chitetezo, chomwe chimagwirira ntchito kuimitsa galimotoyo pamene chingwe cha trolley chimaswa.

Galasiyo iyenera kukhala ndi chizindikiro cha phokoso, zomwe zimakhala zosagwirizana ndi galimotoyo.

Pamafunika kukhala ndi voltmeter, komanso nthawi yowonongeka yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi galimoto yopangira katundu kapena crane yokha, ndipo, kuphatikizapo, ng'anjo.

Chomwe chimatsimikizira chitetezo cha crane

Zambiri pano zikukonzekera kulumikizidwa kwa katundu ndi kusindikiza kwa chingwe. Amagwirizanitsa ndi zitsulo zamtundu wa crane mothandizidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya malupu, zopangirika, ziphuphu, ziphuphu zakutchire. Mapiko ake pamapeto ake amapangidwa ndi kumangiriza, kuteteza kupopera ndi kupukuta.

Kugwedeza zingwe za nsanja ya nsanja siletsedwa. Katunduyo amamangirizidwa ndi chithandizo chake kumalo okweza mmwamba chifukwa cha zipangizo zamakono monga mawonekedwe, ngodya, mapulisi.

Pothandizidwa ndi matabwa, katunduyo amakulira ndi kutsika, pulley ndi dongosolo la kusunthira kusunthira ndi kusungira. Ma drum mu njira zotukulira amawoneka ngati ziboliboli ndi zowonongeka pamtunda kuti apange chingwe ndikuchepetsanso zovala zake.

Zing'onoting'ono za Tower Tower - chifukwa chiyani ngozi zambiri?

Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya njira zonyamulira, magalasi a nsanja nthawi zambiri amagwa. Chifukwa cha izi ndizopangidwe zawo. Njira yomwe imasuntha, monga lamulo, imakhala ndifupi (mwachitsanzo, mtunda wautali) wa mamita asanu ndi limodzi. Pansi pa galasi (ili ndilo pakati pakati pa nkhwangwa za magalimoto oyendetsa, omwe ali pamtunda womwewo) ndilosafunika kwenikweni ndipo, monga lamulo, sichidutsa mtunda womwewo.

Kutalika kwake ndi kwakukulu mokwanira, ndipo kuchokera apa, nsanja ya nsanjayi imakhala yovuta kwambiri kwa mphepo. Zomwezo zikugwirizananso ndi zina zomwe zimagwira ntchito. Ndi mphepo yamkuntho yamphamvu, galasi ikhoza kugwa ngakhale mu dziko lopanda pake. Pofuna kupewa izi, zida zotsutsana ndi zida zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Pa kugwa kwa magalasi, maulendo omwe ali ochuluka kwambiri, samakhala ndi mphamvu zowonongeka mosamala. Kafukufuku anapeza kuti nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika ndi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito sitima kuti ayende.

Kodi zimadalira chiyani?

Kwa nthaŵi yaitali akatswiri akhala akuganiza kuti chifukwa cha ngozi zazikulu ndi kupanda ungwiro kwa maziko a nyimboyo. Chofunika kwambiri chinali kusagwirizana kwa nthaka pakati pa mapiri. Kubwerera mu zaka za m'ma 70 zapitazo, kuyesedwa kunayesedwa kuti zithetse mphamvu za sitimayi, koma sizinakhudzidwe kwambiri pazochitika zenizeni - zotsatira za kugwidwa kwa crane kupitirira.

Ophunzira ogwira magalimoto akukhulupirira kuti kugwa kungayambidwe chifukwa cha kugwedezeka. Kugonjera kwa nthaka pansi pa imodzi ya miyendo imatha kuwonjezeka mogwirizana ndi kusokonezeka kwa tectonic pamene katundu wa seismic akuwonjezeka. Zotsatira zake, valavu imataya chithandizo chake chodalirika ndipo ikhoza kugwedezeka pa kusintha kulikonse kwa mphamvu yokoka.