Makwerero ulendo: mwachidule, maonekedwe, kupanga unsembe ndi ndemanga

Mbali yofunika ya lililonse nyumba chikukhudza apansi oposa awiri masitepe amakhala. March kapangidwe ankaona yodalirika ndiponso losavuta kotero okonza kwambiri kusankha izo.

Kapangidwe ka amatisamalira makwerero bwino zoyenera kayendedwe biomechanics anthu kapena kutsika masitepe. Komanso, iwo akhoza kwambiri kupulumutsa malo zisanawonongeke a m'midzi.

magawo masitepe

Zinthu zazikulu zomwe boosters makwerero:

• Playgrounds ndi kuchinga.
• Chimakwirira kapena akulowera.
• The akuthandiza gawo.

Chikhatho chimodzi kapena ulendo amatchedwa gawo okonda a makwerero ndi masitepe. Malinga ndi kutalika pakati pa simenti kapena milingo, ndi chikhato Mwina amapanga kuchokera madigiri atatu mpaka fifitini.

Fewer kapangidwe kosathandiza chifukwa Pankhaniyi kusiyana zimatiyika tingagonjetse popanda kugwiritsa ntchito masitepe. Komabe, kuwuka kwa ulendo, amene limapangidwa madigiri oposa 15 angakhale yosasangalatsa.

The momwe akadakwanitsira makwerero ulendo, umene aliyense chikhato imakhala njira 10-11. M'lifupi kuguba ayenera kukhala osachepera 900 mm, osiyanasiyana bwino - 1000-1250 mm.

Masitepe ulendo: malo ndi chikhalidwe chawo

Pamene anakonza yomanga amapita kwambiri, izo lagawidwa pawiri, pansi pakati. PAD m'lifupi sangakhale zosakwana chikhatho chimodzi m'lifupi mwake. ojambula zithunzi Ambiri amakonda kuti ngakhale pang'ono onse.

Pamene kuwerengetsa kukula kwa malo, kutenga nkhani kutalika muyezo wa sitepe anthu. Childs, kuya kwa membala makwerero ndi 640 mm.

Mu ntchito zake, okonza ndi amisiri kwenikweni motsogozedwa ndi wosathandiza ndi malamulo amene amalamulira mmene ziyenera kulinganizidwa ndi anaika akuyandama. GOST ndi SNIP - waukulu utsogoleri zikalata malamulo ndi ndondomeko ya ntchito yomanga masitepe.

Kumene, maonekedwe a kamangidwe, chuma ndi malo chofunika negotiated ndi mwininyumba, koma amafuna kuti mphamvu ya m'mabokosi ndi chipongwe, pamalo otsetsereka a masitepe ndi miyendo kutalika ziyenela kuyan'anidwa.

Mitundu makwerero mtundu wa chikukonzekera kuti thandizo

Pali makwerero, masitepe ndi zopinga zimene pa kosour kapena pa chingwe.

Bowstring ndi oblique zimakhudza amathandiza umene lonse kutalika pafupi masitepe. Masitepe kuti akalandire mapeto mbali ya bowstring lapansi. Mtundu wa zomangamanga amalola kuti alenge zabwino kwambiri ndi kukongoletsa zinthu makwerero ndi njira zovuta ndi sanali muyezo kamangidwe.

Kosour - chipilala kuti muzilowa pansi pa ndege masitepe. The kumanga zingaphatikizepo stringers limodzi kapena angapo, ndipo pa chiwerengero chawo umakhudza m'lifupi akulowera lapansi. Mtundu ntchito mu chikhalidwe komanso zofunikira nyumba makwerero losavuta ndi odalirika.

makina makwerero

Makwerero, wopangidwa mwa ulendo umodzi otchedwa mzere. Izi ndi losavuta kwambiri kapangidwe ndi kupanga mtundu wa makwerero. Nthawi zambiri amusankha eni m'nyumba, omwe mukukonzekera akonzekeretse nyumba zawo zawo.

Ngati kumene masitepe mwina okha chikhato chimodzi (ngati chiwerengero cha magawo kuposa ma PC 15.) Kupanga dongosolo rotatable.

The mwayi kupeza chuma cha danga mkati mwa chipinda, komanso kuthekera akuphunzitsa chipinda zofunikira kapena pantry mu mipata.

masitepe Swivel fambani bwino akukwaniritsa ntchito yake pamene anaika mu ngodya popangidwa ndi makoma zoyandikana.

Kutengera pa mbali stylistic mkati kuchuluka zimauluka kapangidwe ndi msinkhu wake wonse, akusandutsa makwerero kungakhale:

• Zozungulira (360 madigiri).
• Poluoborotnoy (madigiri 180).
• Kotala nawonso (90 madigiri).

Winders: kufotokoza, ntchito, makamaka

Kukwaniritsa pazipita zotheka ndalama danga zogona, okonza ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito zoterezi mchitidwe monga winders. maonekedwe awo losiyana kwambiri pa miyambo masitepe symmetrical anayi.

Imodzi Chozungulitsira akuloza kutali chachiwiri. Kuya osachepera wa yopapatiza kuyenda m'mphepete adzakhala osachepera 150 mm. Kawirikawiri zinthu zoterozo ntchito akonzekeretse ndi masitepe mwauzimu. Komanso, nthawi zambiri masitepe zabezhnymi m'malo PAD pakati akulowera makina kutisokoneza. Zimenezi zimathandiza zosavuta ntchito danga zilipo.

Kusanthula ndi mayankho a anthu amene ntchito makwerero ndi masitepe zabezhnymi, mungapeze mfundo zotsatirazi:

• zinthu oterowo zayamba kupulumutsa danga mu chipinda (m'lifupi osachepera pa masitepe helical ndi 1300 chokha mm).
• Pamaso pa winders apereka dongosolo chidwi ndi maonekedwe zokongoletsa.
• Rapid chitunda kapena wobadwira wa masitepe amenewa si zotheka chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo asymmetrical.
• Kufunika kwa ntchito okhazikika ndi masitepe miyendo zabezhnymi amachititsa kutopa msanga (poyerekeza ndi akulowera ochiritsira mwachindunji).

Pamene akukonzekera akonzekeretse makwerero zabezhnymi masitepe, chisamaliro ayenera kumwedwa kwa malo, amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito kaŵirikaŵiri, inali pa apansi m'munsi.

Zida kupanga makwerero

Today makwerero anapangidwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana:

• Tree.
• Zitsulo.
• Konkire.
• Stone.

Nthawi zambiri ntchito osakaniza angapo a iwo, mwachitsanzo, nkhuni chitsulo kapena PVC, simenti kapena oyika mwala ndi zitsulo linapanga, zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo ndi magalasi.

Chinthu chidwi ndi galasi ochuluka ntchito popanga zamwano miyendo, masitepe ndi nsanja. Akukwana mwangwiro mu zamkati makono kalembedwe minimalist. N'zoona kuti zolinga zimenezi ndi yabwino kokha pomwe cholimba mtima galasi.

Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa mabuku, ndi okondedwa a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhuni. A iwo kubala okha siteji ndi makhoti, ndi kuchinga. The peculiarity wa ntchito masitepe matabwa ndi pofuna kukathandiza anthu ake. Wood ayenera mwamsanga kujambula plating, kukupatsidwa mimba wapadera ndi vanishi.

Mipanda ya amatisamalira stairways

Mu ndondomeko kapangidwe makwerero kutukula kulabadira chimakwirira kuchinga ndi playgrounds. Standard amapereka osachepera kutalika kwa chipongwe ndi pa mlingo wa mamilimita 900. Izi njira kumawonjezera kuchinga ikumangidwa ku nyumba pagulu, maphunziro ndi mabungwe zachipatala.

Unsembe guardrails zofuna zawo kwa mphamvu mayeso. The mfundo amati zamwano ayenera kupirira katundu yopingasa wa osachepera 30 makilogalamu / masentimita ^3. Pakuti nyumba onse magawo kuchuluka kwa makilogalamu 100 / masentimita ^3.

The cholimba kwambiri amaonedwa makwerero ulendo, nsanja, mipanda, zitsulo. Pakuti unsembe awo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwotcherera, ena nyumba akhoza anasonkhana ndi njira makina.

chitetezo mipanda

Akutukuka makwerero ntchito kwa nyumba zogona, ndi okonza kuganizira n'zotheka kukhala mu zipinda ana. Izi ndi zofunika popeza pali nthawi imene ana amavulala kukwera pa zamwano ndi mipanda.

Choncho, malamulo okhazikika kulekana osachepera pakati balusters awiri - 100 mm. Amagwiritsidwanso analetsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo adasokera kapena yopingasa.