Madzi Jets maboti ndi mabwato: ndemanga za tidaipanga, ubwino ndi kuipa

Monga ulamuliro, anthu amene kucheza mtundu wa ntchito (kaya ndi chizolowezi kapena ntchito) ndi matupi a madzi monga mitsinje kapena nyanja, posapita nthawi kulimbana ndi vuto la kusankha ndi mtundu wa ngalawa zosagwiritsa iye. Njinga buku madzi ndege kapena akadali kagwere? Aliyense ali ubwino wake ndi kuipa. Kodi kusankha, kodi kulabadira? Ndipo ngati m'pofunika kusankha pakati pa ndege madzi ndi tingachipeze powerenga galimoto lotseguka bawuti?

mpope-kwakusiyana

Madzi ndege otchedwa mota kwa zosagwiritsa chombocho pogwiritsa ntchito mzimu kwaiye ndi kutuluka ya ndege madzi.

The chipangizo zosagwiritsa zizindikiro tinakwera kutsinde (impeller) vodomotnoy chitoliro straightener ndi chipangizo chiwongolero.

Mfundo ntchito ndi ingress madzi mwa impeller m'chipinda madzi polowera ndipo pambuyo madzi ndi ejected kudzera chubu tapered, kubwereketsa amene n'chochepa awiri kuposa polowera lapansi. Izi amalenga ndege yomwe imapereka kayendedwe ka mota bwato. Ndi dongosolo chiwongolero amapangidwa kusintha malangizo a anayamba chifukwa onsewo ndi ndege zosagwiritsa wagawo ndege yopingasa, kupereka chotengera motsatana ndi toyalana kubwereketsa obratnonapravlenny amalenga otaya, kupereka kumbuyo bwato.

Posankha madzi ndege zambiri anthu okonda, amene nthawi ndi kuyenda amatunga mbwee kapena mathithi. Normal wononga galimoto mu zinthu izi kuopsa kulowa ziyambe kukonzedwa chifukwa chiopsezo kumulowetsa amatope pa wononga mu madzi osaya kapena mameseji ndi zinyalala lalikulu. Zikatero, n'kofunika mpope-ndege, kupereka mkulu liwiro, maneuverability ndi chitetezo.

Sayenera maganizo chabe a ophunzira mu maonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Pambuyo chithunzi mabuku limachititsa osati kubwerezanso. Mkulu buku madzi ndege si zovuta kwambiri dongosolo, si aliyense chitsanzo chotengera kungakhale koyenera. Ngati novice omasuka ndi lingaliro ntchito chotengera ndi mpope-ndege, ayenera kukhala pa buku lomaliza la m'chombomo pamodzi ndi mifuti madzi mu zida pachiyambi. Komanso zofunika kusankha amapanga chinkhoswe kupanga deta zosagwiritsa kwa nthawi yaitali.

Ubwino ndi kuipa

Madzi ndege chipangizo makamaka chakuti akuluakulu avundulidwe mbali zonse "zobisika" mkati thupi. Ngati bwato akuthamanga mumchenga, kukhudza pansi alumikizana kumachitika. Mbali imeneyi kapangidwe limakupatsani kuteteza zinthu kuchokera kuonongeka, omwe si outboards ndi "pamtunda" wononga. Pump-ndege sali owopa chokumanako ndi zinyalala m'madzi.

Pamene kuyendetsa galimoto bwato m'madzi osaya ndi akuya pafupifupi wofanana ndi ndegeyo thupi (20 masentimita) madzi Cannon chililaka m'madera zinyalala, ndiponso malo zopinga yotundumukira kunja kwa mpanda mmadzi chifukwa maneuverability ake.

Ngati inu kuuluka pa pheretsa pa akuya pafupifupi 30 masentimita, mmene adzakhala kuganiza pansi pa bwato, m'malo madzi Cannon, kuyambira wotsogolera Palibe ziwalo yotundumukira kunja kwa mpanda, amene sakhoza anati kwa anamangirira, amene wakumenya kuganiza masamba a tinakwera lapansi.

Nthawi zina kutulutsa-ndege ntchito ndi zosangalatsa zamanja chifukwa cha ntchito mphamvu zofewa HIV (HIV) ndi pakalibe Phokoso.

ubwino ayenera mulinso pakalibe zina madzi kukana chimakhala ndi injini ndi tinakwera lotseguka (tsamba tinakwera ndi kulenga kukana zina). Komanso, akuchitira yabwino akutali zizindikiro mkulu inertia zambiri liwilo (monga kutsogolo mkati ndi pa kumbuyo). chapadera kwambiri ndi uthunthu ndi otsika phokoso: High Volume madzi ndege anamangirira akuthamanga chimaonekadi phokoso kuposa injini ndi tinakwera lapansi.

Komabe, tisaiwale m'mbali yotsutsana: pansi pa madzi osaya pali chiopsezo kuti injini adzakhala omangika miyala, mchenga ndi miyala pansi, chifukwa madzi Cannon ntchito mfundo ya mpope mpope. Zimenezi zingadzetse kuwonongeka kwa impeller ndi, kulephera kwa dongosolo yozizira ndi ntchito pachithunzichi wa nozzle ngalande.

Mfundo ina zoipa ndi kukhululukirana. Iwo amayamba ndi liwiro kayendedwe mkulu wa madzi mkati chitoliro lapansi. Musaiwale za mtengo wa unsembe. Vodomotnye injini anamangirira za kawiri monga mtengo monga outboards ochiritsira wononga lotseguka. Chifukwa cha ngalawa ndi mpope-ndege Zina kwambiri kuwonjezera phindu ndi zazindikirika ndi makasitomala monga akufunira kapena zapamwamba.

Zachilendo kwa mafani wa Motors tingachipeze powerenga wononga ndi dongosolo madzi ndege kulamulira. vuto umatheka chakuti tinakwera tingachipeze powerenga ndi tinakwera lotseguka ali wosakwatiwa-ndalezo dongosolo kulamulira. Pump-ndege komanso ali reversibly multilink-chowongolero chipangizo. Anthu ena opanga kutsindikiza kubala maboti ndi anamanga-mu ndege madzi ndi umodzi-ndalezo dongosolo kulamulira. Pa dzanja limodzi, zimathandiza kudziwa madzi Cannon, Komano, m'malo kumatanthauza mavuto kuposa ubwino:

• Choyamba, woyambitsa akufotokozera molakwika mpope-ndege. Ichi ndi chifukwa chosowa amenewa HIV, zimene zimathandiza kuti amasulire kosangalatsa ndalezo ku zinakambirana. Kufala zikhonza kuchita ndi zowalamulira kapena kuzimitsa. Pump-ndege pang'ono ndi pang'ono kupeza liwiro pamene zochita yomweyo monga kugwedezeka kwa malo sitiyenera kuyembekeza.
• Chachiwiri, kumvetsa mfundo ya ndege madzi, Ndi bwino kupereka maphunziro oyenera. Mochenjera mpope-ndege ulamuliro lagona kufunika kogwiritsa ntchito fulumizitsa ndalezo (kuonjezera liwiro) yekha mu dziwe lotseguka. Pamene galimoto pa mathithi yaing'ono mtsinje ndi bwino kutero.
• The wachitatu wofunika sangathe, wa chibadidwe mu mtundu uliwonse zoyendera madzi - overgrowing. Makamaka pachimake ndi vuto vuto mifuti madzi, mbali zonse kusuntha ali mkati. Ndi anapitiriza ntchito wotsogolera si vuto. Komabe, ngati ngalawa si ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali, ndi zamkati ndi tchire. Makamaka, fouling dongosolo viscera ngalande amachepetsa liwiro kuyenda mpaka 10%. Vutolo anathana ndi disassembly wa ndege madzi otsukira pamanja, koma ngati galimoto bwato ulesi nthawi yaitali kwambiri, adzakhala ndi kulankhula ndi shopu ndi kuyang'ana mbali yabwino yopuma kwa injini bwato. Ntchito yapadera utoto zikuchokera udzathetsa vuto limeneli, koma posakhalitsa: kayendedwe zonse madzi mofulumira kusamba kuchotsa utoto.

Mkulu buku madzi ndege - ndi otetezeka!

Kumene, chitetezo cha galimoto ndege - waukulu zabwino mbali. Popeza impeller ndi ili mkati, madzi Cannon si zoipa kwa munthu kukhala mu madzi. makina onga ntchito kwa watercraft ndi maboti pa towing skiers madzi ndi surfers.

mbali kandalama ya mpope-ndege amalola bwato opangidwa ndi kutembenukira pafupifupi m'malo mwa n'zosiyana-chowongolero chipangizo (RDD), lili kusintha malangizo (chigamulocho) wa effluent lapansi.

mbali madzi ndege zilipo, ndi kukonza sayambitsa vuto kwambiri. Ngati injini madzi ndege sichitha, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito misonkhano ya shopu iliyonse thupi komwe mosavuta anakonza kapena m'malo. Onse kudzadalira mlingo wa kuwonongeka. Mungafunike rework ndi akhomere dongosolo, kuzirala ndi utsi zinachitikira m'malo.

Pump-ndege angapo a mokoma, omwe sayenera munayiwala. Mmodzi wa iwo: kuti anayendetsera pa liwilo, musati bwererani mpaka mapeto a mchitidwe uliwonse, ngati akutembenuka kapena U-kutembenukira kumbuyo.

Kodi ndi galimoto anamangirira, mpope-ndege amaloŵamo kumulowetsa algae pangozi impeller, amene nawonso, mukhoza kupanikizana. Pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka kwa injini pa nkhani ya algae pa kutsinde kumulowetsa, chinsinsi wapadera, amene akhoza kudula. Ndere ndi zovuta kuchotsa ndi kutsegula zimaswa. Umateteza ndi miyala kugwa - gululi.

Kodi kusankha madzi Cannon

Ochiritsira lotseguka anamangirira Motors ndi tinakwera Mwachangu (Mwachangu) wofanana 0.65-0.75 pamene kusuntha imathamanga zolimbitsa. Pakuti dzuwa la ndege madzi pafupifupi 0,55 pa liwiro 40-55 km / h. Ndi changu ku 100 Km / h ndi kale 0.60-0.65. kamangidwe moyenera zinthu zonse mpope-ndege apereka Mwachangu pafupifupi 0,70. Choncho ndikofunikira musangoganizira madzi Cannon komanso mathamangitsidwe cutters anaika madzi ndege kamangidwe.

Ndi bwino kuphunzira angapo malamulo amalola kusankha mwanzeru mifuti madzi, chamene amene ali okhudzidwa ndi kapangidwe ndi luso kupanga. Tikumbukenso kuti m'pofunika kulabadira mawonekedwe a nozzle lapansi. Ngalande ayenera kukhala zozungulira kapena elliptical mtanda yachigawo mawonekedwe. embodiments zochepa zofunika ndi lalikulu ngalande chubu ndi mawonekedwe a rectangle ndi ngodya anamaliza.

Mbali yofunika ndi kuweramira ngodya intakes olamulira. Sankhani kukhala pa "liwiro apamwamba -. Otsetsereka ndi zochepa" Vodomotnye cutters osauka liwiro mu osiyanasiyana 55-65 Km / h, amene zimatheka ndi kona ya madigiri 35-39. Pofuna kukwaniritsa imathamanga apamwamba ngodya ayenera kuchepetsedwa kwa madigiri 25. Mbali ya ndingaliro ya tinakwera kutsinde amusankha mu osiyanasiyana kuchokera madigiri ziro asanu.

unsembe

Kwakusiyana galimoto ayenera kuikidwa pa zotengera kuwala liwiro, amatchedwa "planing". Maboti tinapangidwa liwiro pa 60 km / h. Komabe, nthawi zina madzi Cannon wokwera pa maboti galimoto ndi pafupifupi ndingaliro ngodya ya pansi (deadrise) kwa madigiri 10 kuti 30.

Pa unsembe, ganizirani kulemera kwa tinakwera, monga kalekale mkati madzi anatchulapo gawo yokulirapo ya kulemera chotengera. Chifukwa kuwerengetsera "zosagwiritsa" chotengera, ayenera kuganizira nuance zofunika. Koma tikawonetsetsa ndi kulingalira mozama chithunzi full, madzi Cannon wokwera pa bwato - kwambiri yaying'ono Baibulo kuposa injini ndi ndime ngodya. Kulemera owonjezera mosavuta kuchepetsa chifukwa analibe gearbox, amene m'malo n'zosiyana-chowongolero. Dziwani, akatswiri amalangiza unsembe wa wapadera lumikiza pakati pa injini ndi madzi Cannon. Izi zimathandiza opareshoni akutali a galimoto, mosasamala akafuna mpope-ndege.

topicality

chidwi chenicheni pa mpope-ndege kuchokera malonda ndi posachedwapa anatuluka. Zikomo makampani zatsopano shipbuilding mu mawonekedwe a madzi ndege unsembe mkulu-liwiro mabwato nyanja, ziwiya asilikali, amalonda, mtundu wa ngalawa zosagwiritsa apatsidwe kutchuka.

Wopambana ntchito zochitika zasonyeza ubwino ambiri chobisika, kuwonjezera pa ukulu zoonekeratu kuti anapambana maboti vodomotnye mu madzi ochepa.

Choncho, munthu wa ku Italy makampani kutumiza akuitanira yatchi ndi mpope-ndege, kuonetsera maonekedwe monga digiri yapamwamba ya kusinthasintha kwa kusintha katundu pa chotengera (chomwe Nthawi zambiri zimasiyana) komanso zolongosoka kwambiri yokulirapo imathamanga 60 95 Km / h .

mifuti madzi kunja shoal ndi

makhalidwe amenewa mbali yofunika kwambiri pa bwato mkulu-liwiro monga wotsogolera tingachipeze powerenga ndi lotseguka tinakwera ngalawa liwiro zimadalira liwiro wononga. Kusintha nyengo, amathandiza msanga chotengera sitiroko, kumabweretsa vuto kukhalabe liwiro zonse. Izi ali kungasokoneze ntchito injini chifukwa sungathe kukhala ambiri motsatana. Chifukwa peculiarities wa ndege madzi, ndi kulephera galimoto zimamuchulukira, mwayi kukhala ambiri motsatana, kaya liwiro la kayendedwe ka chotengeracho. Ndiko kuti, chiwerengero cha kusintha wakhala waponya, katundu pa injini sizinasinthe, kukhala zikutsatiridwa mafuta pa botolo la nthawi, koma zingawonjezere mafuta pa wagawo mtunda.

Komanso, mpope-ndege maneuverability amalola ma yatchi nakocheza mu yopapatiza zipilalapo mtsinje osati madoko apadera. Komanso, mbali yofunika imene mifuti madzi wabweza kuzindikira m'dera la ntchito pa maboti sitima ndi ntchito zawo chete.

Njinga ma yatchi ayamba mavuto pamene galimoto pamwamba 50 km / h pa nyanja. Ichi ndi chifukwa kuwonjezeka madzi kulimbikira masamba (ngakhale onsewo) tinakwera. Pamene ntchito madzi ndege zayamba ziro kukana chifukwa kapangidwe wotsogolera kupereka otaya mosalekeza mozungulira nyumba ya.

maboti Sitima kawirikawiri kupita ku liwilo, kufunika ndege madzi chifukwa cha kufunitsitsa kwambiri zomveka komanso otetezeka injini ntchito. Koma pali nthawi kuti zimene kuchuluka liwiro mu nyanja likuvutika mphamvu - ndiko kuti, kukhazikitsa injini angapo.

pamsika

Kudalirika kwa mizinga madzi mu malo zinyalala sichiyambitsa madandaulo. Izo ziri zodziwika bwino kuti Court kugonjetsa malo awa wowonongeka ngati Channel, popanda kulephera limodzi.

Ngakhale phindu ake, mpope-ndege ntchito m'madera kosiyana wosiyana shipbuilding, mwina maboti multiengine sitima kapena pa mabwato ang'onoang'ono liwiro kapena zipangizo ndege. Ndipo zomalizira madzi Cannon ndi njira yokha. gawo la mikango a msika komanso kupanga mabwato zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi tinakwera tingachipeze powerenga. About nambala yaing'ono kwambiri mabwato kuti achoke mzere khamu, ndi kale anamanga madzi Cannon, si ofunika ponena.

Total pafupifupi 11% (malinga ndi akatswiri) wa msika mpope-ndege. Koma chithunzi ichi akhoza kwambiri yafupika, ngati mokwanira kuganizira msika zipangizo zosagwiritsa, kupatulapo zipangizo ndege, madzi Cannon zomwe ndi mbali yofunika ya kamangidwe.

Malinga Zoneneratu wa makampani amene amapanga injini, pali kuthekera cha kuchuluka kwa chithunzi ichi kuti 45% chifukwa Kuwulura angathe mpope-ndege msika.

Reviews a injini ndi opanga

A ambiri okonda nsomba amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mabwato "Rotan 240m" molumikizana ndi madzi ndege Yamaha 40.

Malinga ndi iwo, Mlengi Yamaha amadzinenera ndi laling'ono kwambiri. Makamaka kugwirizana ndi zolakwika "kwenikweni" chifukwa ndemanga zinalembedwa kwakukulukulu anthu amene angoyamba kumene anasintha madzi Cannon kwa wina ndi mzake. Ndicho osati malo twitches pambuyo yosalala kumaliseche ndalezo sichitha kumbuyo zakuya za bwato.

mayankho zoipa anati kampani Tohatsu. Choyamba, asodzi amadandaula kugula kawirikawiri katundu zosalongosoka. Chachiwiri, chitsanzo Tohatsu 40 analitcha "mokondera sorokovke" monga injini 40 ndiyamphamvu sapereka kunja. Nthawi zambiri m'malo mwa Tohatsu 50, koma chitsanzo ichi msanga overheats.

Phindu la tinakwera ndi

Unsembe chakale anamangirira zosagwiritsa unit abwino, ngati n'koyenera ntchito dongosolo maximally chosavuta ndi kayendedwe m'dera madzi ndi mozama kwambiri poyerekezera imathamanga otsika (50 km / h).

Kukhazikika bwino Yamaha Motors. Pali mitundu zitatu:

• nkhafi ndikupita A kagwere ndi apakatikati utsi. Kandalama mbali ndi kuti ukhale kudzera zomwe mafuta umuna kumachitika, komanso ndi kutulutsidwa kwa mphamvu ya kuyaka, oyenerera pakati - olamulira pakati pa zimene masamba ndi wokwera.
• Kagwere kapangidwe ndi malo utsi kudoko olamulira pamwamba.
• Dongosolo ndi madoko awiri utsi ili pamwamba ndi pansi pa olamulira a.

Pomaliza

Mu vodomotnye ambiri anamangirira Motors kubweretsa kumanga cutters zambiri ubwino, koma kuipa si Kuchotsera monga tafotokozazi. Apo ayi, ndi wotsogolera mtengo akhoza katundu wolemetsa.

opanga okhonda kubala mifuti bwato madzi ndi dzuwa kwambiri ndipo kukula ochepa. Mwachitsanzo, madzi Cannon Yamaha Makulidwe 350x560x300 mamilimita ndi kulemera kwa makilogalamu 19 ali ndi ndalama pafupifupi 75 000 rubles pa msika zoweta.

Madzi Cannon Mercury INE ndege 25 ml ya (ankalimbikitsa mu US) bulkier: kutalika gawo kumtunda kwa nyumba (horizontally) 508 mm, kulemera za makilogalamu 60, Engine buku 420 masentimita ^3, chiwerengero cha kusintha impeller pa mphindi ukufika 5000, zonse Buku kulamulira. Mtengo wa msika m'banja kale 263 500 rubles.

Japanese madzi Cannon Tohatsu M25JET ndi makhalidwe ofanana (osiyana chabe chiwerengero cha kusintha: 5200-5600 pamphindi) akhala 287.500 rubles.

Yerekezerani tingachipeze powerenga galimoto wononga angapezeke pakati 30 000 ndipo pamwamba.

N'zosadabwitsa, chifukwa kusiyana mu mtengo wa ochepa angayerekeze kugula madzi Cannon. Price ndithu, ndipo si aliyense angakwanitse ndi yowoneka bwino. Tikukhulupirira kuti pa nthawi, mitengo ndi kukhazikika monga zanyengo opanga yachilendo. Ndiye mpope-ndege otvoyuyut kuti yokulirapo gawo la msika.

Iwo ayenera kukumbukira kuti kutchuka kukula kwa ntchito ya mifuti madzi ndi amapereka opanga odziwika bwino. The odziwika bwino kwambiri makampani:

• Yamaha (Japan);
• Suzuki (Japan);
• Tohatsu (Japan);
• , Honda (Japan);
• Mercury (USA);

Zamgululi aliyense kampani amakhala ndi mkulu khalidwe wake, lonse zida ndi koyefishienti wa ntchito.

Kufunika kutenga zida zosinthira kwa injini bwato akuchifuna kukacha. Chinthu ndi kutchuka otchulidwa zopangidwa. Tsatanetsatane zilipo kugula pansi dongosolo, komanso zogulitsa masitolo apadera kapena mosungira. Kukonza ndege madzi si vuto lalikulu.

Opanga kulipira ndalama yaikulu nthawi afufuze lililonse zojambula, mbali ndi nambala iliyonse index pamaso chitsanzo kuvala mtsinje. Zitsanzo zabwino: mifuti madzi amapangidwa ndi ambiri zonenepa, ndi zambiri zomangira, ndi mikondo ya lamanzere ndi lamanja kasinthasintha. mwapadera ndi phokoso chimateteza zipangizo mu kupanga za gaskets zogwirizana, osati muffle phokoso la injini, komanso kuchepetsa kugwedera. Akupezeka mu dongosolo yekha chiwongolero, anapereka kwa ogwiritsa wathunthu mifuti madzi. Zipangizo kuchepetsa otchedwa makokedwe, kuti apange kasamalidwe chombocho womasuka kwambiri.

Pali zitsanzo ndi kulamulira adzakoka chokhethemulira, sagwiritsa ntchito dongosolo chingwe, amene kwambiri kuchepetsa kufala kwa zinthu zosasangalatsa imene ingathandize mwadzidzidzi-anakomoka chingwe.

Poganizira zonsezi pamwambapa, kuti kusankha ndege madzi ayenera kulandira chithandizo mosamala kwambiri. chuma ndithu ali padera mu kugula, muyenera kulipira ngongole m'tsogolo, ndi kusiyana pakati pa ntchito wononga ndi ndege pagalimoto akhale palpable.