Macrolides. Gawo (theka-kupanga, masoka ndi azalides)

Macrocyclic lactone mphete - ndi maziko a dongosolo mankhwala gulu la mankhwala macrolides. Gawo amatenda kulekana 14, 15 ndi 16-ziwalo. mankhwala amenewa amaonedwa kukhala osachepera poizoni.

Macrolides. Gawo ndi mtundu wa magwero

Natural macrolides:

Macrolide "mankhwalawa" - uyu ndiye woyamba bacteriostatic mankhwala, zomwe chinali chiyambi cha gulu lalikulu. Iwo anali atalandira mu 1952 ku Streptomyces erythreus - actinomycetes nthaka. Chifukwa macrolide "mankhwalawa ali ndi" chuma cha reversibly kumanga kwa ribosomal 50S-kagawo kakang'ono, kumaphwanya mapangidwe kumangidwa peputayidi pakati mamolekyulu kwa amino asidi chikhalidwe ndi kukachita kutsekereza mapuloteni kaphatikizidwe tizilombo zosiyanasiyana. Choncho maantibayotiki "mankhwalawa" Kodi si yosokoneza kaphatikizidwe (pawiri) zidulo mkati. Pa mlingo waukulu, mu ulemu wa mitundu ina ya mabakiteriya amakhala ndi zotsatira bactericidal.

Macrolide "Spiramycin" - ndi maantibayotiki lachokera ku Streptomyces ambofaciens actinomycetes, iye - woyamba wa gulu la macrolides 16-ziwalo. Lactone mphete - ndi maziko structural kukonzekera "Spiramycin". Amakhala 16 mpweya maatomu (C) limene amagwira atatu zimam'patsa zotsalira: mycarose, mycaminose ndi forosamine. Kukonzekera ndi mu kapangidwe kake spiramycin mankhwala yogwira kufalitsidwa ku Canada, Latin America ndi ku Ulaya.

Macrolide "Josamycin" - maantibayotiki, gulu woimira macrolides 16-ziwalo. Yopangidwa ndi Streptomyces narbonensis. Ilinso ndi zotsatira za khalidwe bactericidal. Iwo kumabwezera mmbuyo mapuloteni kaphatikizidwe mankhwala, kumathandiza potseka RNA (zoyendera) ndi olumikizidwa kwa 50S-ribosomal kagawo kakang'ono Kakhungu, potero kutsekereza nzeru mapeputisayidi kuchokera pakati A. zomasulidwa zochizira matenda mimba.

macrolides theka-kupanga:

Macrolide "Roxithromycin" - uyu ndiye woyamba theka-kupanga 14 ziwalo atibiotik. Iwo anali linachokera ku macrolide "mankhwalawa". Features dongosolo aipatsa kukana apamwamba ku zidulo, microbiological ndi bwino magawo pharmacokinetic.

Macrolide "Clarithromycin" - 14. ziwalo mankhwala, macrolide otumphukira "mankhwalawa". Ndi bwino kukana kuti zidulo ndi bwino pharmacokinetic ndi antibacterial.

macrolides Natural-mankhwala amapatsa yogwira ndi galamu HIV, ena tizilombo galamu alibe ndi okhudza maselo ambiri. A macrolides zamakono monga theka-kupanga, yogwira ndi Pseudomonas, Enterobacteriaceae, anaerobic microflora ndi Bacillus fuluwenza.

Ndipo potsiriza, azalides - ndi macrolides m'badwo atsopano:

Mankhwala "Azithromycin" amatanthauza azalides subclass zosiyana pang'ono mu dongosolo ku macrolides ochiritsira. Mphete mu macrolide "Azithromycin" palibe lactone, koma 15-ziwalo. Kislotoustoychivot izo kumawonjezera maulendo 300 poyerekeza ndi mankhwala a, "mankhwalawa".

Macrolides. Gulu la mibadwo:

1 - mankhwala "oleandomycin" "mankhwalawa";
2 - macrolides "Roxithromycin", "Spiramycin", "Josamycin", "midecamycin", "Clarithromycin";
3 - macrolide "Azithromycin".

Zikuonetsa macrolide gulu la mankhwala. Gulu la Matenda

Amene bwanji dongosolo kupuma: pachimake sinusitis, streptococcal tonzillofaringit, chibayo dera yotengedwa, exacerbation chifuwa, akuphokosera chifuwa, diphtheria.

Khungu ndi minofu zofewa: chindoko, chlamydia, lymphogranuloma venereum, amapatsirana, ziphuphu.

Oral M'mimbamo: periodontitis ndi periostitis.

dongosolo m'mimba: Campylobacter gastroenteritis, m'mimba chilonda.

Komanso macrolides ntchito kupewa matenda otsatirawa: pertussis, kakhosi, enaake ophwanya malungo, endocarditis.