Kuwotcherera mapaipi: Technology

Kuwapatsa zida nyumba kapena kupanga kukonza m'nyumba, mukhoza anagona dongosolo payipi nokha. Pankhani mauthenga zitsulo, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito kuwotcherera magetsi. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, n'zotheka kupeza pawiri olimba amene analandira chifukwa otaya njira thermochemical, mmene maelekitirodi ndi ntchito-akuwauza.

Kaya ntchito kuwotcherera, imafunika mwini zinachitikira ndi nzeru, amene ntchito mu ndondomekoyi. Ngati muli chabe kuphunzira, n'zotheka kuyamba timudziwe bwino mbali ongolankhula funso. Koma zitsulo, chifukwa polypropylene chitoliro imafunanso zida m'malo mwa kuwotcherera. Komabe, kuchita limasonyeza kuti luso lamakono ndi kosavuta kuposa wina amene ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi.

Akukonzekera ntchito

Kuwotcherera payipi akuyamba ndi kukonzekera pamwamba. Nkofunika onetsetsani kuti louma ndipo yosalala. Mu sitepe yotsatira muyenera kusankha mphamvu gwero. Kuyambira izi zimatengera pa kaphunzitsidwe. Izo zikhoza kukhala yaying'ono inverters kapena tiransifoma lolemera. Ndi thandizo lawo, mkulu voteji zikhoza kusinthidwa mu dera m'munsi sekondale.

Homuweki, njira yochezera akanati kuwotcherera. The ntchito thiransifoma ndi wosavuta. Iwo ali ubwino zili kudalirika kwa ntchito ndi kupirira. Zipangizo inverter ali ndi kukula zochepa chidwi imaperekanso kusintha zosiyanasiyana.

zosiyanasiyana welds

Pamene kuwotcherera machitidwe chitoliro mitundu zotsatirazi mankhwala ntchito lero:

• mbuyo;
• alipo;
• ngodya kugwirizana;
• T-fuku.

Pamene udindo china chotulutsa kungakhale ofukula kapena yopingasa komanso kaulusi kapena pansi. Malo ambiri zaphindu amati m'munsi, kotero kuthekera kachiwiri kuwotcherera m'pofunika kupereka mmalo njira imeneyi. Kuwotcherera mipope pa atagona kulankhulana ambiri zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito chogwirira olowa. M'mbali nthawi yomweyo nkofunika kwa makulidwe lonse. Pakuti mipope wandiweyani mipanda kuthamanga awiri matabwa - kunja ndi mkati. Kuchepetsa sagging wa zitsulo kuchokera mkati pamene ntchito elekitirodi chiyenela kuchitika pa makona a ° 45 ndege yopingasa.

Kodi wina Nkofunika kukumbukira pokonzekera

Pamaso pa chiyambi cha kuwotcherera buku n'kofunika kuchita maphunziro. Nkofunika kuti titsimikize kuti amafuna a mipope. Zamgululi ayenera woyenera, sayenera olumala, iwo ayenera kukhala wopanda zopindika. M'pofunika kuonetsetsa kuti palibe kusiyana pa khoma makulidwe.

Zofunika machubu zogwirizana mankhwala zikuchokera. M'mbali akhale opanda dothi ndi dzimbiri. Mapeto nkhope chimaonekera monga m'mphepete ngodya ya Kuwulura, komanso ngati blunting phindu. Malinga ndi mfundo blunted mtengo akhoza kukhala wolingana ndi malire a mamilimita 2 2.5. Pankhani mbali ya bevel, zingakhale 70 °. Ngati kuzindikiridwa sanali kugwilizana, m'pofunika kuchita Machining a m'mbali.

khazikitsa amate

Kuwotcherera ndondomeko mapaipi ayenera kutenga unsembe amate. Iwo ali m'gulu mbali ya olowa, ndi kuchita ndi elekitirodi kuchitidwa pamene suture. Ngati ndi chitoliro amene awiri alibe upambana 300 mm, ndi anachita amate 4, ayenera wogawana kufalitsa pa circumference pazipita.

Pamene tikugwira ntchito ndi chitoliro awiri a chidwi kwambiri, amate ndi imakonzedwa ndi phula 250 mm. Analimbikitsa amate m'litali ndi 50 mm, pamene m'lifupi ndi 4 mm.

NKHANI Zamagetsi

Kuwotcherera mipope ziyenera kuperekedwa pa aligorivimu ena. Nkofunika kupereka ulemu wapadera kwa mafupa makina. Ngati muli ndi kuphika mu mavuto, muyenera kupitiriza dzanja galasi laling'ono. Ngati ndi kotheka, mapeto a elekitirodi ali kukhotetsa ndi kuchita ntchito ya mbali wawo.

Nkhani wamba ndi welded pa ngodya 30 ° pamwamba pa mankhwala. china chotulutsa anakuta ndiye ikuchitika circumferentially. Kungakhale wosanjikiza umodzi pa mfundo mankhwala otsika-aloyi zitsulo. mphamvu zina chingapezeke mwa kuchita msoko chachiwiri. The chidwi kwambiri kuti chitoliro khoma, mipita kwambiri kuchitidwa, ayenera 2 kapena wamkulu.

Ndi kuphika osiyanasiyana ayenera lalikulu m'mimba mwake mipope. chaubale anapangidwa kwa theka msoko. Kenako, mbali anachotsa slag ndi okutidwa ndi msoko otsatirawa pa mtunda wa 1.5 masentimita ku yapita mmodzi. Kutsirizitsa zofunika kugwirizana msuzi ndi alipo pang'ono. zambiri osavomerezeka popanda kuchotsa ntchito slag, monga kukwaniritsa wabwino simudalandira.

khalidwe cheke

Zikugwira kuwotcherera wa mapaipi, pa chomaliza, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti khalidwe la matabwa anatembenuka mwangwiro. Wosaoneka mng'alu angathe kuonedwa ndi yankho sopo, omwe umagwiritsidwa ndi burashi pa mfundo welded. Pambuyo mlengalenga zimalowa dongosolo. Ngati munali undercooked mfundo kapena malo, iwo mukuonera pa thovu.

njira makina kuwotcherera

Kuwotcherera ndondomeko mapaipi kumafunika nambala pazipita stitches, kupangidwa mu malo m'munsi. Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti n'zotheka ntchito njira makina. Ngati chitoliro ali khoma makulidwe mpaka 12 mm, n'zotheka kuchita msoko patatu. Wosanjikiza woyamba welded kwa elekitirodi, ndi makulidwe a limene ndodo zimasiyanasiyana 2 mpaka 4 mm. zigawo zonse wotsatira akhoza welded chinanso awiri maelekitirodi.

Poyamba, olowa ayenera kugawidwa mu magawo 4. Kuwotcherera imagwiridwa kumabungwe yoyamba ndi yachiwiri zili gawo chapamwamba za chubu. Chubu ndiye zimayenda ndi mbuye adzapanga olowa wachitatu ndi wachinayi zamanja. Chubu mu ndime yotsatira ayenera potembenuka wiritsani kwa 1 ndi 2 zamanja. Pamene kubwereza kasinthasintha wa wosanjikiza chachiwiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito zamanja 3 ndi 4. wosanjikiza otsiriza ndi kuponyedwa mu njira imodzi, chitoliro ayenera zimayenda nthawi zonse.

zodziwikiratu kuwotcherera

The kuwotcherera wa payipi ya angathe kuchitidwa pa ulimi lalikulu lonse, zokolola kumene mkulu. Zikatero, Buku kuwotcherera ikanakhala nthawi yambiri, kotero makina kuwotcherera ali kugwiritsidwa ntchito. njira yonse pa nthawi yomweyo chichitike basi.

Kuwotcherera ikuchitika wa waya kuwotcherera, amene kanthu kwa koyilo ndi zimalowa zoni ntchito. M'dera ntchito anatumikira More ndi kutetezedwa mpweya mu mode yaotomatiki. Ngati ntchito sangathe makina, theka-zodziwikiratu kuwotcherera ntchito.

Njira njira kuwotcherera

Kuwotcherera ndi piping unsembe akhoza kuchitika kudzera mu mpweya kuwotcherera. Njira imeneyi imaphatikizapo Kutentha m'mbali kuti kutentha kusungunuka. Imodzi, kuwotcherera ndodo isungunuke, komanso zitsulo ntchito kudzaza msoko. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, n'zotheka kupeza msoko mokwanira amphamvu kuti adzakhala ndi wodzigudubuza yotundumukira kunja kwa mpanda.

gasi kuwotcherera ikuchitika ntchito chisakanizo cha mpweya ndi acetylene. The zida waukulu protrude burner ndi wodula. Thupi loyamba njira ziwirizo pa zomwe mpweya ndi anasamutsa m'chipinda kusanganikirana. Master Choncho nthawi otaya mpweya pamene kuwotcherera zosiyanasiyana.

Kuwotcherera mipope zitsulo akhoza akuyendera mwa njira kupatsidwa ulemu. Njira imeneyi limaphatikizapo mbali ya magetsi ya mafunde zimakochezapo. M'mbali likugwirizana odzigudubuza atolankhani. Mtundu wa kuwotcherera ntchito mafakitale ndi luso lopanga.

Ayamikira za kusankha maelekitirodi ndi

Pamene kuwotcherera mipope GOST 16037-80 ziyenela kuyan'anidwa. Iwo anawerengedwa ndi kwenikweni kusankha maelekitirodi. Yotsirizira ndi zitsulo ndodo anapangidwa ndi waya. wochindikala akhoza zimasiyana 2 mpaka 5 mm. pamwamba aphimbidwa ndi daubing, omwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito nkhungu wosanjikiza kapena woonda. Zikatero wa wokutira ranges misa kuchokera 1 mpaka 2% mwa kulemera kwa ndodo. Ngati ndi nkhungu wosanjikiza, kulemera yake osiyanasiyana monga 20 kufika 30%.

Monga waukulu wosambitsa ntchito amachita mapangidwe slag, amene ali ndi maonekedwe a aloyi sanali zitsulo kulemera m'munsi poyerekeza ndi zitsulo. The slag amayandama m'mwamba mu kuwotcherera, kupanga ❖ kuyanika zozitetezera. Pambuyo kulumikiza piping kuwotcherera slag ayenera kugogoda. Pamene kutumphuka amakhala Chimaona, akhoza kuchotsedwa mwachilungamo mosavuta.

maelekitirodi The tsopano zikupezeka ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zokutira, yotsirizira amene anapangidwa kuti ntchito yeniyeni. Mwachitsanzo, ❖ kuyanika cellulosic ntchito kuwotcherera piping yokongola awiri. Ndi maelekitirodi izi angalenge seams zozungulira ndi choimirira.

maelekitirodi angapezeke malonda ndi ❖ kuyanika Rutile amene mosavuta akayaka ndi ndipamene slag kutumphuka mkulu brittleness. Ndi maelekitirodi izi angalenge mfundo ulaliki, fillet welds, amate ndi wiritsani bwinobwino kukhazikitsa mfundo mizu. Zimenezi zimathandiza kugwirizana maonekedwe okongola.

payipi kuwotcherera njira akhoza idzagwiritsa ntchito maelekitirodi ndi rutile-acidic ❖ kuyanika. Zinthu zimenezi zimaonetsa mosavuta peel kupatukana ndi mowa elekitirodi ndi ochepa kwambiri, motero yopulumutsa. Rutile TACHIMATA tselyulloznoe yoti mafupa m'malo onse, amene angathe kupita m'tsogolo, amene ali ovuta kwambiri.

Suture ndi kukhuthala mkulu akhoza zopezera ndi elekitirodi ❖ kuyanika chachikulu. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, n'zotheka kupanga mankhwala amene si osokoneza. Mabukuwa kwambiri ntchito ndi mapaipi wandiweyani mipanda ndi mankhwala, umene opareshoni ndi mavuto ambiri.

kukonza kuwotcherera

Inu kugwira kukonza mapaipi kuwotcherera. Kuti tichite zimenezi, gawo zosalongosoka ayenera kutsukidwa umakaniko. Chovomerezeka kuyeretsa sandblasting, abrasive mbale, polishers ndi maburashi chimbale waya.

Kukonza kuwotcherera kumafuna surfacing pa madera zosalongosoka. Kuwononga ingayambe ndi dzimbiri kunjaku ikhoza kupanga zimakhalapo, zomenya ndi mavuto. Pofuna kulongosola khoma makulidwe ayenera kugwiritsa muyeso ndi kuyendera masomphenya. njira thupi chovomerezeka ndi zina zomwe si yowononga.

Zopindika, kuya amene ali 0.2 mm, akhoza kuchotsedwa ndi akupera. Mfundo chitoliro kuwotcherera momwe zimagwiritsa ntchito njira Buku ntchito maelekitirodi ndi chivundikiro chachikulu. Pakuti kuwotcherera woyamba china chotulutsa filler Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito maelekitirodi amene awiri ukufika 3.2 mm. Pakuti cladding ndi kudzaza mfundo elekitirodi awiri lingayambire pakukhala 3 4 mm.

Ndondomeko ndondomeko payipi kuwotcherera kumafuna maelekitirodi calcining. Zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito maelekitirodi calcined zinthu n'kupuma. Pankhaniyi, malo kupanga, iwo ayenera kuperekedwa mu muli losindikizidwa. Yosungirako maelekitirodi miyezo ya dziko Choncho ayenera usavutike mu chipinda youma, zomwe kutentha alibe kusiya m'munsimu +15 ° C.

gawo zosalongosoka isanafike mafunsidwe ayenera usavutike ndi zipangizo zamagetsi magetsi. N'zotheka ntchito njira kupatsidwa ulemu chomwe chimathandiza yunifolomu magetsi. Zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito woyatsa mpweya kapena heaters. Kuwotcherera angathe kuchitidwa ntchito njira inverter. Surfacing amachitidwa pa yatsopano nthawi zonse polarity iwowo.

Arc poyatsira amachitidwa pa m'mbali mwa chitsanzo ndi gawo zosalongosoka. Kuwotcherera zigawo filler rectilinear kapena mawonekedwe zozungulira anapanga yopapatiza wodzigudubuza. Ntchito chiwembu - potsimikizira-symmetrical. kayendedwe aliyense malangizo kutsatira msoko kukhala kauntala. M'lifupi woyamba kudzazidwa wosanjikiza akhoza zimasiyana 4 mpaka 6 mm. zigawo zonse wotsatira ndi m'lifupi mamilimita 8 mpaka 10.

Pomaliza

Ndi zipangizo kachitidwe yoyenera kuwotcherera chitoliro mukhoza kugwiritsa nokha. Komabe, n'kofunika kusankha maelekitirodi bwino, Choncho ndikofunikira kuganizira katundu ndi zipangizo kuti maziko a chitoliro lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, pofuna kugwirizana mipope anapanga mpweya zitsulo, ayenera kuti asungidwe ndi chuma kuwotcherera ndi yaikulu kapena rutile.

Ngati matabwa ndi anaphedwa kanasonkhezereka zitsulo chitoliro pakubwezeretsa, m'pofunika kukonzekera maelekitirodi kwa mapaipi kanasonkhezereka kuwotcherera. Monga mbali yaikulu ya kuwotcherera ntchito ndi nthaka kanasonkhezereka mipope mutuluka kutentha kuwira. Ndi wotsika poyerekeza ndi zomwe zidali zitsulo. Izi zikusonyeza kuti ❖ kuyanika nthaka adzakhala asanduke nthunzi pamene usavutike.