Kuwonjezera apo ndi ... Mayiko apadziko lonse: malamulo apadziko lonse

Kodi mukuganiza kuti musapewe chilango, kokwanira kusamukira kudziko lina? Central Bureau of Interpol amafunanso kuti azigawenga oopsa omwe amapita kunja akunja. Ndipo ngati wogwidwawo akugwidwa, ndiye akudikira ulendo wobwerera kwawo, kuti akabweretsedwe ku mlandu kapena kutumizira chiganizo. M'chilankhulo cha milandu, kuwonetseratu ndiko kulandidwa kwa chigawenga kapena kutsutsidwa ndi boma limodzi kuti lifufuze ndi milandu.

Zinthu zowonjezera

Ndiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti kuchotsedwa kwa zigawenga ndiko kotheka pamaziko a mgwirizano wapadziko lonse kapena popanda. Ndiletsedwa kutulutsa anthu omwe akuzunzidwa kunyumba chifukwa cha ndale. Russia yakula mofulumira ntchito za mayiko m'zaka zaposachedwa ndipo ikuyesera kukulitsa. Makamaka, Russian Federation yakhala phwando ku maiko oposa 300 apadziko lonse, kuphatikizapo thandizo lalamulo mu milandu.

Zida zamayiko

Kodi maiko apadziko lonse akuphatikizapo chiyani? Lamulo ladziko lonse limasonyeza kuti mgwirizano woterewu uli ndi zofunikira pazowonjezereka, kupanga ntchito zoweruza, zoyendetsera ntchito ndi zofufuzira, kusamutsa katundu, komanso kuchotsedwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mlandu kuti akwaniritsidwe chigamulo cha milandu yachilendo. Pakalipano, udindo wochotsa chigawenga kuchokera kudziko limene akukhala, sizimachitika nthawi zonse.

Nkhani ya opezeka ndi ufulu wa boma?

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kusamutsidwa kwa zigawenga ndi ufulu wa boma. Komabe, pali milandu pamene kuwonjezereka ndi njira yovomerezeka. Makamaka, ngati pali mgwirizano wapadziko lonse, ndipo zikhalidwe zina zingatheke. Mwachitsanzo, dziko limene limafuna kuti munthu wozunzirako awonongeke, sayenera kulanga munthu woweruzidwa chifukwa cha zolakwa zina. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati kutengeka kwa wolakwira kuchitika, kungathetsedwe pokhapokha pa nkhani za Criminal Code zomwe zinanenedwa pa pempho la zofukulidwa.

Ndondomeko yowonjezereka

Zirizonse zomwe zinali, ngakhale mayiko ali ndi mgwirizano wokhudza kuwonjezera, njira yowonjezera wa woweruza imatenga nthawi yaitali, chifukwa poyambirira payenera kukhala chiwerengero cha zovomerezeka zovomerezeka. Monga lamulo, njirayi ikuchitika mothandizidwa ndi Interpol. Zonsezi zimachitika motere:

• Ofesi ya boma, yomwe ikufunafuna nzika yake, imapempha pempho ku likulu la Interpol kufotokozera kuti ndi chifukwa chiti chomwe munthuyo akuimbidwa mlandu;
• Pambuyo pake, Interpol amatenga chisankho (kapena kukana) kulengeza wolakwira pa mndandanda wa mayiko wofunafuna;
• Ngati munthu woteroyo atsekeredwa m'dera lachilendo, khoti laling'ono liyenera kukhazikitsa lamulo la kuchotseratu munthu;
• Ngati khotilo liloleza njirayi, ndiye kuti pali kusintha kwachindunji kwa munthu amene akufuna.

Tisaiwale kuti kuchotsedwa kwa zigawenga kungatenge miyezi ingapo. Izi zimachitika nthawi zonse limodzi ndi makalata akuluakulu a boma.

Komabe, kutengapo mbali kwa Interpol sikofunikira, n'kotheka kusuntha wopandukira chifukwa cha mgwirizano wa mayiko pakati pa mayiko. Ndondomekoyi muyiyi idzakhala yofanana. Kumbukirani kuti ndondomekoyi siyikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nzika zomwe zakhala zikuphwanya malamulo.

Mavuto a malamulo

Nkhani ya kuwonjezereka imasankhidwa m'mayiko osiyanasiyana m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mu Code Criminal ya Russian Federation, palinso zikhalidwe zomwe zimayambitsa vuto la zofukulidwa. Komabe, akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti kukhazikitsidwa kwa extradition sikukhala kofunikira. Izi, makamaka chifukwa chakuti mgwirizano pakati pa mayiko omwe akutsatiridwa ndi ochita zoipa samatsatira nthawi zonse ufulu wa anthu. Chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha kuphwanya koteroko ndizochitika pamene mayiko akhala akukambirana kwa zaka zingapo kusamutsidwa kwa woweruzidwa, ndipo nzika yomwe mlandu wake sunavomerezedwe umakakamizika kukhala m'ndende. Kuwonjezera apo, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kuwonjezera apo sikumangokhala kovuta komanso kochulukitsa, komanso njira yocheperako ndalama. Kupereka kwa wolakwayo, ndithudi, kulipira phwando limene linapereka pempholi.

Mipangano yapadziko lonse ndi maiko awiri

Ngakhale kuti pali mavuto ena omwe amapereka othawa, ndizosatheka kuchita popanda bungwe. Tsopano padziko lapansi pali mgwirizanowu wokhudzana ndi kusamutsidwa kwa anthu olakwa, zochitika zoterezi ndi maboma ambiri zakhazikitsidwa ndi Russia. Mgwirizanowu pa zofukulidwa za Russian Federation inakhazikitsidwa ndi mayiko onse a CIS (Msonkhano wa Minsk wa 1993) ndi mayiko ambiri ochokera ku Asia. A mgwirizano wa ku Ulaya, mgwirizanowu wapita kale ndi mayiko awiri - Italy ndi Lithuania. Komanso mgwirizano wokhudza kuwonjezereka ulipo ndi umodzi wa mayiko a Latin America - Brazil.

Ubale walamulo ndi USA

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti dziko la Russia silinagwirizane ndi United States pa zofukufuku. Komabe, kuyambira 2000 Russian Federation ikugwira ntchito mu European Convention ya 1957. Achimereka amatsatira mfundo zawo mogwirizana ndi dziko lathu:

• Kuthetsa zochitika zilizonse zomwe zikukonzekera kuti zigawenga zichoke msanga;
• Kugwirizana ndi dziko la Russia kulipangidwira milandu yeniyeni, iliyonse ya iwo idzawerengedwa mosiyana;
• Russia ikhoza kuperekedwa kwa nzika zake, koma mwa njira yokha yosatumizira, koma kuthamangitsidwa.

Kutsiliza

Choncho, kuwonjezera pa ntchitoyi ndi thandizo lalamulo limene limaphatikizidwa pakati pa mayiko awiri okondweredwa, akuyimira kusamutsidwa kwa munthu amene adachita chigamulo kuti aweruze chigamulo kapena kumubweretsa mlandu. Kuti atulutse kapena kuti asatengere nzika ya dziko lina, boma lili ndi ufulu wosankha yekha. Ngati kusamutsidwa koteroko kuchitika, dziko lomwe lapereka pempho la zofukulidwa, likuvomereza kubweretsa nzika yake chifukwa cha zolakwa zomwe zafotokozedwa pazowonjezereka. Chifukwa cha zolakwa zina, munthuyo saloledwa kulangidwa mu ndondomeko yowonjezera. Monga lamulo, kufufuza kwa mayiko padziko lonse kumachitidwa mothandizidwa ndi Interpol.

Ambiri amakana kulanda nzika zakunja ngati aperekedwa kudziko lawo chifukwa cha ndale. Kuonjezera apo, nthawi zina, dziko lina lingakane kulanda mlendo ngati malamulo ake sapereka chilango chophwanya chilango cha munthu amene akukhala kwawo. Ngati munthuyo akufuna kuweruzidwa ndi chilango cha imfa kapena pali zifukwa zomveka zokhulupirira kuti boma lomwe lapereka pempholi silingapereke chilungamo cholungama, dziko limene munthu woteroyo alili ali ndi ufulu wokana zofukulidwa. Kuonjezerapo, ngati pali kukayikira kuti dziko lapereka pempho la zofukulidwa ndi cholinga chotsutsa nzika chifukwa cha mtundu, kugonana kapena dziko, kugonana, ndi zina zotero, ndiye kuti sizingatheke. Ndondomeko yowonjezera ili ndi mitundu yambiri, dziko lirilonse liri ndi malamulo ake omwe amachokera ku zigawenga.