Kuti Russia amagulitsa kunja kupatula zipangizo?

The bwino malipiro a dziko lililonse ndi zabwino ndi zoipa, ndipo mu nkhani iyi chizindikiro ake amadziwika kuitanitsa kudalira mwachindunji. Ngati pamaso muyezo malonda kuphatikiza ndalama, ndiye chirichonse basi, ndipo ngati zoipa, ndiye pali kuitanitsa kudalira ndi mowa kwambiri za ndalama zakunja. Pofuna kuthetsa akhoza kukhala m'njira ziwiri, kapena kuchepetsa zogula kunja, kapena kuonjezera malonda a katundu wawo kunja. Russia amayesetsa kusintha muyezo pepala ake, koma zochitika zina panopa choopsa chitukuko cha zikuchikazi, ndipo tiyenera kusankha zochita kusintha kapangidwe ka zogulitsa kunja. Komabe, si nthawi zonse zoipa, ndi zina ngakhale zabwino kwambiri, chifukwa limathandiza kuti chitukuko chonse zachuma. Chotero kodi Russia tsopano amagulitsa kunja?

kapangidwe

Russia amagulitsa malonda kunja osiyanasiyana, koma zinthu si chofunika anali mu 2015, kokha kotala chiweruzo wolowa mu mawu phindu.

Mu malo kofunika kwambiri ndi zitsulo, kenako mankhwala ndi chakudya mafakitale. The chiŵerengero cha zopereka kumabungwe ena a thumba la ndalama "la zasungidwa kuwombola yachilendo zosiyanasiyana mwezi ndi mwezi, koma tsopano ndi zigawo yaing'ono, choncho ndi mwayi waukulu kukula. The kwambiri zingamuthandize ndi zamagetsi makampani ndi pofuna kukwaniritsa dera la mapulogalamu chitukuko.

chimasanduka

Palibe zodabwitsa mu chakuti chimaposa malonda a mafuta ndi mpweya mu zaka posachedwapa kuchepa zili choncho malonda yachilendo zachitika pa maziko a mavuto padziko lonse.

Mitengo anali kugwa kwa nthawi yaitali, tsopano iwo amaimirira kwa $ 40 mbiya, koma ngakhale izi, m'pofunika kukhala tcheru ndi kusagonja lokhala wosasangalala shapkozakidatelskih. Choyamba, zinthu zikhoza kusintha kwambiri, ndipo kachiwiri pa ndakatulo "singano" kalekale vuto kuti ayenera analankhula. Ndi kuwonjezeka ambiri wolowa katundu hydrocarbon, revenues iwo anabweretsa lachitatu zosakwana mu nthawi yapita okha $ biliyoni 343. Madola. Pafupifupi zinthu zomwezo ndi mankhwala kukonzedwa, mwachitsanzo petulo, dizilo, etc. zasungidwa kuwombola okhonda kwa iwo agwa ndi 42%, wolemera mu mawu mtheradi, $ biliyoni 67,4. Pa peresenti anayi kuwonjezeka kumasulidwa thupi. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, chiwerengero cha yaiwisi ndalama katundu amagwa 46% mu angamulambirire.

Ferrous ndipo sanali akakhala zitsulo

wolowa Non-chofunika komanso anagwa, ndipo kwambiri, biliyoni 96 kuti $ biliyoni 187. Iwo limapangidwa ndalama malisiti a mafakitale osiyana, ndi mbali imodzi yofunika kwambiri akuti ndi zitsulo. Iye mu 2015 analandira kuposa $ biliyoni 24. Madola kwa ogulitsa lina kwa katundu wake, amene, ndithudi, zoipa, koma woipa kuposa mu nthawi zakale. mitengo World waponya pa faifi tambala ndi chitsulo, mmene oposa 30%, koma imfa pamenepa akhoza kukwaniritsa kuchuluka kwa mabuku thupi 5,34 Mill. M. faifi tambala Izi anagulitsa kunja 5% zochepa. ankafuna amphamvu akupitiriza ntchito magetsi mkuwa chiyero mkulu, kukhazikitsa kuwonjezera ndi 17% poyerekeza ndi chaka cha 2014 ndi kupeza $ biliyoni 3.1. revenues (mpaka 60%). Zotayidwa ndi bwino, malonda ake chinakwana mabiliyoni 3.1. M (kuphatikiza 22%). Owongolera mpikisano wa mitengo amathandiza devaluation.

Gold ndi feteleza

Zitsulo chikasu tsopano Russian zogula kuposa limachita koposa kuti mtengo tsopano yafupika Komabe, ndi wolowa inachitikanso, chifukwa okwana madola theka biliyoni. Wogula mu wotuluka izi Switzerland imalimbikitsa zambiri, koma mabanki tsopano ndi kuchepetsedwa voliyumu ya ulimi wa ingots. Koma amasangalala ndi anthu opanga feteleza mchere, atawalamula umene ndi kukhazikika chidwi. Kwa kupanga malonda mankhwala, ndi kofunika kuti alimi onse pa dziko, anakwanitsa apeze biliyoni 8,9. Madola

mbewu

Zikuoneka mderali Russia adzatenga ndi udindo waukulu kwa nthawi yoyamba mu zoposa atumwi, ndipo ngakhale lidzakudzidzimutseni United States, ndipo zimenezi ngakhale kuti zochita zina boma analibe zimathandiza kuti bwino izi, koma m'malo kupewedwa. Mawu oyamba mu February chaka chatha, ntchito katundu ngakhale kuloledwa kuchita ntchito zotsatira za kutsitsa ruble, ndi alimi onse owonjezera ndalama anapita kulipira malipiro. Pamene malonda dontho ndi 27% malonda Egypt, Turkey, Iran, Azerbaijan ndi South Africa ndi kuchepa ambiri zolowa mu 2015, mu 2016, tiyenera kuyembekezera kukula kwambiri (The Wall Street Journal ndi US Department of Agriculture).

Computer zigawo ndi mapulogalamu

Opitirira 1.1 biliyoni amadwala madola a zasungidwa kuwombola yachilendo analandira mu 2015 opanga Russian tchipisi ndi mapurosesa. Zikuoneka uthenga zosayembekezereka kwambiri, pafupifupi kutengeka, kwathunthu pokambirana naye woyikidwa Kuganizira backwardness dziko zamakono. Ndipotu ina chidwi ndi ogula waukulu anapezeka ku Germany, kumene anatenga 98% ya ulimi wake, komanso anapeza Malaysia, India ndi China, ndi, dziko palokha imatengedwa opanga otchuka zigawo amagetsi. Pang'ono mapurosesa anakhala mu Algeria. Awa "mbali makompyuta" anasonyeza ponso 70%, makamaka mu Germany, iwo anagulitsa kwa $ miliyoni 469. Oposa mu 2014. Makontena zimapangidwa ndi "T-Oyandama", imene pa nthawiyi ngakhale namdula ndi ziletso mndandanda (January 2014) Malinga ndi akatswiri, boma liyenera saletsa ndi makampani losauka, koma osati kunja kwa malo ndi adzavomereza makampani ndi za n'zimene m'madera pamalo abwino zofunika za chuma m'mayiko ena. Mapulogalamu Madivelopa achita mu 2015 biliyoni zisanu ndi ziwiri.

zida

Russia anakhala chikhulupiriro lachiwiri ku dziko mu katundu wa mankhwala chitetezo. Anthu ndi mabungwe waukulu mu 2015 anali India ndi ku Iguputo, ndi yachangu kukula yobereka kuti Vietnam, Iraq ndi Peru amene anagula Zombo Zankhondo (kuphatikizapo sitima zankhondo), maofesi Rada, kachitidwe mpweya chitetezo, ndege ndi ndege za helikoputala. zinthu zonsezi yodziwika ndi mtengo wapatali adawonjeza mutsimikizira kukonza zofunika ndi kubwezeretsa mankhwala consumables komanso kuphunzitsa ogwira, amenenso akupanga phindu ndi kuwombola yachilendo zasungidwa. Otumiza kwa Algeria chinawonjezeka ndi $ 2 biliyoni, Vietnam -. Kuti $ 1.7 biliyoni, Bangladesh -. Kuti $ miliyoni 866, Kuwait -. Kuti $ 406 miliyoni .. (ninefold!) Umafuna mantha ndi zoyendera Helicopters, kuukira ndege, kachitidwe mzinga, launchers angapo roketi ndi chitetezo mpweya, komanso zina zamakono Russian zida za nkhondo. Makamaka mofulumira osauka mgwirizano nkhondo ndi India mu mapangano choncho sikuti ndi zokhazo malonda ndi co-kupanga athane ndi zitsanzo zina.

magalimoto makampani

ziwerengero Official ankawachitira chifundo olembedwa kuchepa wolowa magalimoto mwakwera 2015 ndi 25%. The importer waukulu Vaz tsopano ankaona Kazakhstan. Msika Chiyukireniya ndi pafupifupi chatsekedwa zifukwa ziwiri, kuphatikizapo imposition wa ziletso ndi otsika kwambiri solvency a kalasi pakati (amene pabwino ndi "Lada") m'dzikoli. Komanso, magalimoto ku Togliatti tikhale PRC (7%), Turkey (3%), Germany (4%) ndi Belarus (20%). Pa malonda kuchepa mukopedwe ndi devaluation wa tenge, koma pali chobisika ndi imports, amene kuganizira zovuta. Pamene 40 protsentrnom malonda kugwa mu Kazakhstan, anthu ambiri a dziko lino kugula magalimoto mu Russia, ndi otchezedwa zawo. Nthawi zambiri, "AvtoVAZ 'anadzigulitsa mu CIS mu 2015 galimoto pa 58% zosakwana mu 2014. Komabe, magalimoto "Ural" akwaniritsidwa ku msika, ngakhale 15% kuwonjezeka mu kuchuluka okwana 2.3 zikwi. Zidutswa.