Kusaka smoothbore carbines: review, mitengo

zomera Russian anapeza zinthu zambiri mu angagwiritse zotsimikizira ngati mankhwala ena kapena monga kusaka chida. Smoothbore ndi zida rifled, chopangidwa lalikulu zedi masiku ano n'zosiyana zokwanira kwambiri.

Wamba alendo zapaderazi masitolo kubwera anasangalala kwambiri zosiyanasiyana katundu anapereka kwa maalumali, kumverera nsanje eni zinthu izi kwa predilection wamwamuna.

zambiri

Osati aliyense amadziwa kuti wosaka chida smoothbore ali m'banja la mfuti chigumula, limene makolo athu kuwombera mtima. Ndiponso, ndiye yokha kukhala maziko ena - mitundu zovuta zambiri za manja yaing'ono.

Kuti yosalala-inabala kusaka mfuti ndi mbali ya zida za munthu aliyense amene zimenezi zinachitikira chidwi ndi zosangalatsa, monga kuwombera kupanga kukhala ankakonda chibwana.

mitundu

Mtundu wa chida chimagwiritsidwa ntchito bungwe kusankha zinthu kusaka. Mbali imeneyi ya ntchito mwachindunji ndi makhalidwe ake luso. Mwa maikidwe smoothbore mfuti kupanga zoweta anawagawa amene amagwiritsa ntchito kusaka ndi masewera kusaka, komanso anaikira kulasa ukuuluka zokwawa chandamale.

Gawo ndi mbali kapangidwe

Mfuti okonzeka nenareznym mbiya, ankaona subgroup ochuluka kuposa mu mndandanda wa mfuti kusaka zida. Iwo anapangidwa kuti kuwombera ndi kuwombera kapena buckshot, ndi zipolopolo wapadera.

Pali mitundu zazikulu zisanu. Ali:

• Single-osakwatiwa-kuwombera mfuti;
• awiri mbiya ndi makonzedwe yopingasa a mbiya;
• chimodzimodzi, koma ndi unsembe ofukula;
• Single-mpope-kanthu magazini mu, rechargeable ndi dzanja;
• theka-zodziwikiratu.

Gulu loyamba cholinga cha kusaka nyama zazing'ono mbalame. Izi carbines yosalala-inabala amati ndikukhazikitsa kuwombera yodalirika mtunda zotheka osachepera. Amenewa "mitengo ikuluikulu" m'chigawo chapakati okonzeka ndi hinge kuti amalola mbiya kupeta pansi amaika ndi katiriji. Mu udindo wa lanu limagwirira imene makina latch. Malowa ali pamtunda kudutsa breech lapansi.

Kodi kugula

Sale wa mfuti iliyonse, kuphatikizapo nyama, komanso kusunga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito yake malamulo pa mlingo malamulo. Ndi pansi pa ulamuliro wa Dipatimenti ya apolisi mwapadera kuti ikupereka ziphatso ndi zilolezo zoti yosalala-inabala chida.

Iriyonse, anali nzika ya la Russia, m'pofunika Yowabu LRO ndi kusungidwa malinga ndi malamulo anakhazikitsa dipatimenti lino, chitsulo wapadera otetezedwa pa kulembetsa malo mwini.

Maonekedwe pa yosalala-inabala chida linapereka zaka zisanu, pambuyo imene - mu dongosolo anaukhazikitsa, ndipo pambuyo kuona mwini wake wa matenda ndi zinthu yosungirako carbine - anawonjezera.

Kuchita izi, inu muyenera kugonjera zikalata izi: pasipoti buku ndi kusaka chilolezo ndi chiphaso kwa cholowa ndi kumapitiriza, mankhwala satifiketi mu mawonekedwe Kwalamulidwa, lipoti pa kafukufuku wa chilengedwe chigawo amene kusungidwa ndi carbine, chiphaso cha malipiro a ndalama, ntchito ndi zithunzi ziwiri.

gauges

Mosiyana yamazinga, pamene kukula kwa katiriji amamangiriridwa ndi mfundo za chinkafunika - kuti mainchesi, yosalala-inabala carbines anatsimikiza muyezo chosiyana. Izi calibration kwa maziko gulu, kupita ku nthawi pamene chipolopolo ndilozungulira. Iwo anakhazikitsa kuti paundi imodzi patsogolo, amene ali pafupi 450 magalamu, tulutsani ndalama khumi ndi awiri a 18,5 millimeters. Izo ziri chimodzimodzi zomwe wakhala analandira likungosonyeza limene lero anawagawira zitsanzo za kusaka chida ambiri. Choncho, chiwerengero anatsimikiza ndi nambala ya zipolopolo kuponya makilogalamu patsogolo, malinga onse a iwo - ali yemweyo ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Kuyambira chilinganizo pamwamba kuoneka kuti m'mimba mwake wa mfuti mbiya khumi ndi ziwiri-n'zotsimikizira ndi 18,5 millimeters.

Mu dziko lathu, muyezo izi mu osiyanasiyana kuchokera 4 36. Choncho, m'munsi womangidwa - ndi awiri waukulu (36.5 mm), ndipo pamwamba - laling'ono. Komabe, makhalidwe kwambiri, kuchita, sanalembedwepo. Russian smoothbore mfuti kwa kusaka ndi calibration otsatirawa: "12", "16" ndi laling'ono - "20".

Mbiri ya "Saiga" mfuti

Izi mfuti yosalala-inabala analengedwa pa maziko a zazikulu Kalashnikov. Lachitsanzo koyamba kuti pakhale mapulogalamu yoyambirira ya AK wa - Izhmash. Woyamba smoothbore mfuti "Saiga" inatuluka mu makumi asanu ndi awiri mochedwa Mu zaka zapitazo. The kutsogolera kwa uyu anali pamtima utsogoleri wa Kazakhstan General Mlembi Brezhnev ndi pempho kuti akonze chida chimene kudzakhala kotheka kuti kuwombera saiga - nyama zimene anachita mbali yofunika kwambiri posankha dzina la carbine lapansi. chakuti ng'ombe kusamuka kwa antelopes artiodactyl kupondedwa ndi anadya mbewu muzu, ndi alenje sanathe kulimbana nawo. Ngakhale experimental makope mazana atatu anapangidwa makumi asanu ndi awiri Komabe, pamene smoothbore mfuti "Saiga" akadali m'chipani.

kupanga

Koma kuyambira m'katikati nineties Mu zaka zapitazo ku conveyor Kalashnikov Concern anayamba kutsika smoothbore mfuti "Saiga" kudziletsa potsegula. Koma tsopano dzina wakhala dzina banja, monga chizindikiro cha gulu ici ulikubala assortment yaikulu ya zida, kuphatikizapo wosaka ndi njira woyera, ndi yaying'ono yosalala-inabala mfuti ntchito chitetezo, komanso masewera ndi ntchito ndi maphunziro chitsanzo.

Buttstock ndi handguard carbine - malingana ndi chitsanzo - akhoza kukhala malinga ndi mtundu wa mfuti yakale kusaka. Nthawi zambiri iwo anapangidwa pulasitiki kapena matabwa.

Kamangidwe "Saiga"

Poyamba chida zinalembedwa zochokera ATM makina kamangidwe, koma zaka kakusintha ena kusintha kusintha makhalidwe ake. Kuchokera kunkhondo smoothbore kusaka carbine "Saiga", mtengo umene akuyamba ndi ziwiri thousand (tikulankhula za chitsanzo 410 K), yodziwika makamaka chifukwa chakuti ku sikutheka moto bursts. Komanso, anasintha mfundo kukapempha sitolo, kunali kosatheka kuti amaika makatiriji kuchokera makina ankhondo. "Saiga" "amathamanga" mwa mpweya ufa, amene anachira kudzera mbali kutsegula ili mpanda wa tsinde njira. Mu mfuti mitundu kupereka injini kwathunthu redesigned kukhala lalifupi pisitoni sitiroko.

Mothandizidwa kuthamanga mpweya amasuntha chimango pachipata kutalika anakhumba, pokhala iwo eni wokha kuwononga ufa misa kuti m'mlengalenga mwa tizibowo chubu. Kutseka brainstem inabala ndi kutembenuzira shutter, imene Onyamula Zazitali Ayi ake awiri kuchita lolingana grooves kwa bokosi. Wopanda, monga ulalo kutsogolera zochita zokha, amapereka malangizo kwa kayendedwe ka kusuntha mbali carbine "Saiga". Komanso, pamafunika kwambiri kakasi lapansi.

mtengo wa

Mfuti "Saiga-12K" ntchito 030 ndi wolandirayo ndi kusunga chivindikiro kulumikizidwa pa bokosi, komanso buttstock lopinda ndi forend zopangidwa pulasitiki, zikhoza kugulidwa kwa rubles sate-faifi handiredi. Mu chitsanzo, amene adatuluka kupanga kapena options amene anayamba nthawi yaitali, anapereka mtengo wotsika. Mwachitsanzo, "Saiga-12K Wopezerera" likungosonyeza 12/76 sizigulitsidwa makumi awiri ndi anayi zikwi.

"Boar"

Izi carbines yosalala-inabala amapangidwa pa mbewu "Hammer" ili Vyatskiye Polyany. Pakati pake penipeni, iwo akuimilira pofuna ya "Saiga". Poyamba wosaka "Boar" chipatso cha kutembenuka kupanga - mfuti theka-zodziwikiratu, anayamba pamaziko a 7.62-millimeter makina mfuti RPK. Bukuli lakonzedwa kuti kusaka malonda kapena ankachita masewera, ndi pakati zazikulu.

Popeza kukhazikitsidwa kwa carbine "Boar" anali pazipita ntchito m'madera ndi misonkhano ku RPK, amene analengedwa mu fakitare chomwecho, anakonza zida izi zikugwirizana za kholo lake lodziwika. Mwachitsanzo, ali yemweyo katundu mbiya, chimodzimodzi amphamvu bokosi kwathunthu, ndi kuchimwa kudzudzulidwa athandizira limagwirira, ndi zina zotero D..

Kusintha ikukhudzana makamaka kukumbukira ena zinthu monga katundu ndi forend, komanso choyambitsa, ku ntchito yomanga yomwe lilibe kudziona powerengetsera kuteteza kuwombera Kasupe wa moto. Komanso, mawonekedwe osiyana ndi miyeso mu sear ndi nyundo. Chogwirira ali pillowtop "Dragunovsky" mtundu ndipo okonzeka ndi PAD mphira mbuyo. Forend lamulo yapachiweniweni - popanda akalowa chapamwamba zozitetezera. Iwo ali apamwamba kwambiri poyerekeza chitsanzo kutalika karate. Kutalika kwa Crest mu mbuyo "Boar" amalola mlenje mofanana kugwiritsa ntchito osati makina, koma kuona kuwala.

kamangidwe

"Nguluwe" carbines chopangidwa pansi 7,62 × 39 makatiriji, 7,62 × 5,56 × 51 45 NATO - .223 Remington, ndi 7,62 × 7,62 × 54 63 millimeters mu embodiments zosiyanasiyana ndi zosintha kuphedwa . Pulogalamu ya zida zoti pamodzi mizere zofanana ndi za Kalashnikov kumenya mfuti. Komanso, ali ndi digiri ndi mkulu wodalirika komanso zayamba bwino pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana zinthu opaleshoni.

Makinawa carbine mu recharging imagwiridwa ndi ntchito mphamvu ya mpweya akuwuka kuchokera poyatsira wa onga. Iwo amachotsedwa anam'berekera ku kamera pa kuwombera. Self-adzapereke ikuchitika ndi chifukwa cha mphamvu zazikulu opangidwa ndi kubwerera kasupe. Choncho kuti kuonjezera durability m'chipinda ndi mu inabala wa mfuti anapanga kusaka chrome. Komanso, kuchepetsa kwa osachepera kung'anima cha moto pa kuwombera pa kuipanikiza a mbiya gawo la lawi arrester ake waikidwa, amene ali sanali zochotseka.

Kuti achotse kuthekera inertial zikumangidwa phunziroli pa makatiriji, kuwomberako pini ndi masika-yodzaza shutter. Ndipo kusintha chitetezo wakuti "nguluwe" okonzeka ndi mbendera mtundu lama fuyusi. mfuti onse ndi ophatikizana katundu ndi mfuti nsinga.

zosintha

Mungachite kuti kusaka carbine "Boar" zokwanira. zitsanzo kwenikweni izo yamazinga monga SOC-94 - linatulutsidwa mu 1995. mtundu uwu mu utumiki mayunitsi kulondera FSUE Mia. SOC chitsanzo 95 "Boar-308" ndi "Super" amapezeka m'mabaibulo angapo. Ena embodiments, monga CSB-M 95, 95 MS, komanso carabiner .35 Remington katiriji mipingo. Yopanga anayamba mu SOC-94R "mpainiya" kuyambira 2000.

Komabe, ambiri ndi smoothbore mfuti "Boar-12" chopangidwa ndi chucks 12 × 76 mm. Iwo ali Mabaibulo angapo ndipo lakonzedwa onse kusaka ndi kudziteteza ndi masewera mpikisano. Ku mitundu ina chitsanzo ake atsopano - smoothbore mfuti "Boar-12 zenga" - yosiyana khazikitsa wokwera lawi arrester. Iwo waikidwa pa kuipanikiza la mbiya. Komanso, ali ndi loko limagwirira kuti hule, kuchotsa kuthekera kuwombera ndi apangidwe mbuyo.

"Boar-12"

Izo ndi kupangidwa "Molot" mbewu. Izi smoothbore mfuti - "Boar-12" - cholinga cha adziteteze, ndipo ntchito mu nyumba zosiyanasiyana za nkhondo, kuphatikizapo nyumba zawo chitetezo. Nthawi zambiri chida Tingaone pa IPSC-kupikisana. Smoothbore mfuti "Boar-12", amapanga potengera dongosolo la Kalashnikov mfuti ya makina, nthawi yomweyo ali ndi zosintha zonse zofunika kuti azikachita ake odalirika zipolopolo thwelofu n'zotsimikizira. Komanso, mu mfuti ichi chikhonza ndi wamanja komanso zipolopolo makumi asanu ndi millimeters makumi asanu. Smoothbore mfuti "Boar 12" ali pati osiyanasiyana mamita zana. Mphamvu ndi zochotseka bokosi magazini ndi mphamvu zipolopolo zitatu. Kuonjezera kukana dzimbiri wa njira ndi chipinda, ndi ndodo pa chimango ndi Wopanda ndi mpweya akatulutsidwa chipinda chrome.

ubwino

Ambiri, ndi smoothbore mfuti "Boar a Hammer" ndi ofanana kwambiri wotchuka "Saiga-12K", koma pa chitsanzo ichi chionekera ake ena peculiarities.

kusiyana kandalama ndi mfuti chomwecho - ndi kukhalapo zitsanzo opangidwa ku Vyatskiye Polyany, ziwiri lama fuyusi kusunga wolandirayo. Komabe, ntchito yofunika kwambiri, imene amakhala ndi smoothbore Bakuman "Boar Hammer" - ndi chipata chake yomweyo. Chifukwa khalidwe ili la chida ndi zosavuta kusamalira. The chowombelera akhoza kuona pamene ikutha zida ndi kutsegulaso zichitike mwamsanga ndi conveniently.

Kapu mfuti bokosi "Boar-12 Molot" amatsamira kumbuyo mu "mmwamba ndi pansi," ngati AKS-74U. Ndi wandiweyani ndithu ndipo yakwera popanda kugwiritsa ntchito bokosi. Pa kuipanikiza a Mlengi mbiya anamanga zochotseka kung'anima suppressor. Pankhaniyi chivindikiro kwa bokosi, komanso mkono ndi chipinda mpweya anapanga Picatinny mtundu zimatsogolera kulola mosavuta ndipo mwamsanga unsembe ndi zipangizo zina monga kuwala mwatsatanetsatane, ndi pamaso laser kapena bipod. Mwa zolakwa za taonera ena owerenga ambiri kulemera ndi yodzaza ndi magazini amene ali pafupi asanu makilogalamu.

Mabaibulo ndi mitengo

Poyerekeza ndi "Saiga" - mnzake ake - ndi smoothbore mfuti "Boar-12 Molot" odula kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito ya 01 osiyana anawonjezera kuti mazana asanu makumi awiri millimeters mbiya. Komanso, amaperekedwa mu kuthekera kwa kuwombera ndi mbuyo pa apangidwe ndipo sanali zochotseka kung'anima suppressor. Izi carbines yosalala-inabala, amene mitengo kuyamba pa sate-sikisi sauzande, anagulitsa pokhapokha ngati chilolezo wogula. Version 02, mmene elongated mpaka 680 mamilimita mbiya ndi tsinde wagawo mu kuipanikiza wa mbiya, anaikira Aang'onoang'ono mkati ogwirizana ndi carbines mu mndandanda "Snipe" mtengo pamene akugula rubles makumi chikwi.