Kufotokozera Kalimantan

Chilumba Borneo - ndi gawo la Indonesia cha Borneo ndi chilumba ndi kulandilidwa ndi mphambu ziwili (532 205 sq Km.) M'deralo ake okwana (743,330 sq Km.). Mawonekedwe a chilumba cha Borneo, mmene ake, mbali m'mayiko ambirimbiri ndiponso zinthu zachilengedwe chidwi kwa alendo ambiri. Awa ndi malo amene mabanki ku dziko lonse wofuna anthu okonda zinyama.

Kodi chilumba cha Borneo

Ili mu mtima wa Chimaleya Archipelago, ndasambitsa ndi nyanja anayi, Kalimantan accommodates katatu limati: Brunei, Malaysia ndi Indonesia, omwe akuchita gawo lalikulu kwambiri m'dziko ndi tichipeza zigawo zinayi, dzina lake malinga ndi magulu kuyatsa: Central, West, South, East. Malaysia gawo ndi 26% ya malo okwana ndi lagawidwa limati Sabak ndi Sarawak.

kutalika kwa Kalimantan Kodi

Borneo, wachitatu waukulu mu dziko ndi kukula kwake - ndipo ichi ndicho dera chadzaoneni, mesmerizing kukongola kwa zachilengedwe moti nkhalango zotentha, zosiyanasiyana m'mitsinje ikuluikulu, nyama ndi zomera zosiyanasiyana, ena oimira zimene zimapezeka kokha kuno. Kuchokera kum'mwera kumadzulo kwa kumpoto kum'mawa Kalimantan kutalika pafupifupi 1,100 makilomita. Pali kutanthauzira angapo dzina lake: "Dziko wamango", "Daimondi Mtsinje" polemekeza fuko m'dera - klemantanov. kutalika kwa chilumba cha Borneo ku makilomita, malo ake, dera ndi chikhalidwe cha chidwi apaulendo ambiri amene ndimalota kuti kudera ndi nkhalango zowirira.

Island History

Odzakhala oyambirira amene anabwera ku Africa, pachilumba cha Kalimantan kumeneko kwa nthawi yaitali - 50 000 zaka zapitazo. Pofika m'zaka 15 Borneo mbali ya Indonesia ufumu wa Majapahit, gawo lamkati la izo kunkakhala anthu a kumeneku, ndi kumpoto kwenikweni kwa zaka 18 Wochokera asangalala zaka amenewo Sultanate wa Brunei. Azungu anayamba kufufuza m'dera la Kalimantan m'zaka za m'ma 16 ndipo anakakhala pansi pa izo moti; ngakhale Dutch anayambitsa East India Company, zomwenso zinali zolinga za katundu ku mayiko kumene anapeza zachilengedwe.

Kenako, chisumbu cha Kalimantan (chithunzi Ufumuyo) anali malo atsamunda a Netherlands, potsiriza yakumgwira m'zaka 19. Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse kuti anali kulamulidwa ndi Japanese. Ufulu wa Republic of Indonesia anamuzindikira mu 1950.

A pang'ono za Fuko la Dayak

Kalimantan Island (chithunzi bwino amapereka kukongola onse pristine malo awa zamatsenga) likhalebe kutali ndi chitukuko mofulumira patsogolo. Palibe wakale zipilala m'mbiri komanso zosangalatsa achisangalalo. Anthu pachiyambi kwa chilumbachi ndi Fuko la Dayak, mwinamwake amatchedwa "alenje ubwino" (ndi mwambo wa kubweretsa msasa mitu yake ankhondo ankhanza). Iwo amakana kutsatira oikidwa ndi zaka a mwambo. chiwerengero cha anthu Aaborijini ndi za miliyoni ndipo amakhala ndi lamulo la m'nkhalangomo, ndi malonda kusaka anyani, ndi mbalame mothandizidwa ndi zida wakale. N'zokayikitsa kuti maziko a kayendedwe ka moyo akufuna kutalika kwa chilumba cha Kalimantan Km. Dayaks akukhala m'nyumba yaitali, wotchedwa lamins; wina aliyense wa anthu pafupifupi 50. Kunyada kwa anthu ake, ungwazi ndi alendo limeneli yatchulidwa magule - zochititsa chidwi ngati alidi zachilendo ndi zochititsa chidwi.

The chonse cha anthu a Kalimantan ndi pafupifupi mamiliyoni 10 Anthu ambiri a iwo padziko mabanki mtsinje ndipo zikugwira kulima dziko. okhala City ngati malonda ndi ntchito zamanja zosiyanasiyana.

m'chigawo Kalimantan

Chapakati Kalimantan - m'chigawo waukulu wa chisumbucho ndi malo mamita lalikulu 153564. makilomita. Koyamba dera limeneli limapezeka monga olimba m'nkhalango moti nkhalango, pamene kum'mwera kwa izo - ndi moorland, olimbika lalikulu chiwerengero cha mitsinje, ndi kumpoto ndi mapiri. The apamwamba a iwo - Bukit Raya, kufika mamita 2278 mu msinkhu ndi ili m'malire a ku Central ndi West Kalimantan. Mzinda wokongola kwambiri wa chisumbucho amati Palancar, poyamba anali ndi pathupi likulu la Indonesia.

Kumwera Borneo - wolemera m'chigawo chonde kudziwika m'minda yaikulu chitsulo ndi (36985 makilomita lalikulu.) Mitengo ya labala ndi kuwagawa massif Miratus pawiri: lamapiri nkhalango zowirira ndipo m'zigwa ndi mitsinje yambiri, wautali kuposa omwe - Barito (kutalika 600 km). Likulu la South Kalimantan mzinda Bandazharmasin yodziwika ndi ngalande zambiri ndi chidwi zomangamanga m'tauni. Chizindikiro cha mzindawo ndi mzikiti Sabila Muhtadin, wotchuka wamtali minarets. Chidwi kwambiri ndi chidwi ndi msika zachilendo akuyandama pa mtsinje n'kotopetsa ndi mtsinje TV. Lili Bandazharmasina migodi ya daimondi, pamene migodi ikuchitika zamtengo wapatali. Mu Borneo kusiyana miyala ya diamondi ndi mafuta, ndi mafuta kupanga ndi chamankhwala chodalirika chuma cha Indonesia ndi Brunei.

East Kalimantan chimakwirira kudera la mamita lalikulu 194.849. Km ndi gawo lachiwiri lalikulu kwambiri pa chilumba ku tauni yaikulu ya Samarinda, ndi malonda doko yaikulu, yomwe ili Mahakam Mtsinje Delta ndi nyumba wotchuka Nyumba Zam'mwamba ndi Hiramu anatumiza. Samarinda anatchuka chifukwa zamanja ake: zodzikongoletsera ndi ngale, nsalu rattan bagatelles, ndi nsalu yabwino kwambiri chifukwa sarongs.

West Kalimantan

Western Borneo (146,807 sq. Km) ndi malo thinned ndi nkhalango zotentha ndi peat bogs. Pano, monga kum'mwera kwa chilumbachi, pali ambiri mitsinje, ndipo ambiri a iwo ndi madzi chaka chonse. Barito, Mahakam ndi Kapuas yodutsira makilomita mazana angapo. Mwa njira, pachilumbachi pali awiri Kapuas Mtsinje, mmodzi amene chikuchitika mu West Kalimantan ndipo ankaona mtsinje Alevi Indonesia (1040 km) ndi mtsinje yaitali mu dziko la chilumbachi. Chachiwiri Kapuas 600 Km kutalika ndi tributary wa Barito ndi wasefukira mbali yaikulu ya chilumba. Likulu la West Kalimantan ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja mumzinda Pantianak ankawoloka equator mzere. Zokopa oyenera chidwi cha alendo ndi Abdurrahman Mosque, Sultan Palace Kadriarh, Museum wa ziwiya zadothi ndi dongo ndipo City Museum ndi zikuchokera chidwi anadzipereka kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu akale.

mbali khalidwe la Kalimantan

Ambiri mitundu m'mapaki amwazikira anazungulira chilumba, kusonyeza ukulu wa otentha chikhalidwe, zosiyanasiyana wapadera wa nyama ndi zomera. Flora Borneo olemera ndi osiyanasiyana: nyama yekha anapereka 222 mitundu, amene 44 ali kuderako. Pano mukhoza kupeza anyani wamkulu, njovu, zouluka lemurs, ambiri mitundu ya mileme, kambuku, ng'ona, nyanga ziwiri rhinoceros. Mu nkhalango pali nambala yaikulu mbalame - 600 mitundu. Wotchuka wa iwo: Mbalame - Chipembere, Chingolopiyo, Argus. The zomera za arthropods ndi tizilombo zochuluka zoti silinakwaniritsidwe kufufuza bwinobwino. Mitengo chimakhala chogwidwa ndi pandanus, nsungwi, ficus multicore, umene ndi munda wonse, anapanga mizu mlengalenga wa mbewu kuti angafikire ndi kutalika mamita 15-30.

nkhalango zobiriwira ndi mitengo ikuluikulu zinamera ndi kutalika kwa makilomita imodzi ndi theka. Pakati pawo - ndi wa sandalwood ndi rasamala. Matabwa a nthumwi izi za mdziko zomera ndi lamtengo wapatali kwambiri ndipo ndi maziko yokonza onunkhira n'kofunika mafuta, resins ndi balsams. Nsonga mapiri okutidwa ndi meadows wosakaniza udzu ndi m'nkhalango ya zitsamba. Coast a Kalimantan makamaka madambo ndi otsika kunama, kwenikweni chobisa Magombe. M'mphepete akutambasula likukulira yaitali chotchinga m'madzi.