Kuchuluka thupi - ziri ... Muyeso wa zedi thupi. thupi zedi dongosolo

Physics monga sayansi kuti amaphunzira zinthu zodabwitsa za chilengedwe, ntchito njira muyezo kafukufuku. magawo chachikulu ndi: kuonerera, malingaliro, khalidwe zatsopano, kuphunzira chiphunzitsochi. Pa kuonerera anakhazikitsa mbali zapadera chodabwitsa, ndi Inde kumene ake, zomwe zingayambitse ndi zotsatira zake. Kungoganizira akhoza kufotokoza njira ya zochitika, kukhazikitsa malamulo ake. The amatsimikizira kuyesera (kapena amatsimikizira) kungolota. Timatha inu mukhale chiwerengero cha zedi mu njira zimenezo, imbaenda kukhazikitsidwa kwa dependencies enieni. Kutsimikiziridwa zambiri zochita za kungoganizira ndi maziko a chiphunzitso sayansi.

No chiphunzitso akhoza samadzinenera kukhala odalirika, ngati sanalandire chitsimikiziro zonse ndi chopanda malire pa zimenezo. Otsiriza amagwirizana ndi miyezo ya zedi thupi amakhala ndondomekoyi. kuchuluka thupi - ndi maziko a kayesedwe.

Kodi ichi

Koma muyeso wa mfundo zimenezo zimene zimatsimikizira unali woyenerera wa amanena zokhudza malamulo. kuchuluka thupi - ikulongosola za sayansi ya thupi, Mkhalidwe ubale umene uli ofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa matupi ofanana. Pakuti aliyense thupi la chotero khalidwe kachulukidwe wa chinthu payekha.

. Ngati ife titembenukira kwa mabuku, kutchulidwa M. Yudin neri Al (1989) timawerenga kuti kuchuluka thupi "khalidwe la munthu wa katundu wa chinthu thupi (dongosolo thupi, chodabwitsa kapena ndondomeko), chiwerengero mu khalidwe matupi zinthu, koma mawu a manambala aliyense chinthu munthu. "

Ozhegov (1990 kope) limanena kuti muyezo thupi - ". Kukula, ukulu, utali wa chinthu"

Mwachitsanzo, kutalika - kuchuluka thupi. Zimango amachitira monga mtunda wautali, ntchito electrodynamics waya kutalika mu yopezeka m'zinthu zachilengedwe kuchuluka analogous ndiyo makulidwe a makoma mtima. Akamanena za chiphunzitso cha akanali yemweyo: mtengo wagawo angakhale chomwecho, ndi mtengo - osiyana.

Mbali kusiyanitsa za kuchuluka thupi Mwachitsanzo, ku masamu, ndi kupezeka kwa mayunitsi lapansi. Meter, phazi, mayadi - zitsanzo kutalika mayunitsi.

mayunitsi pa miyezo

Kuyeza kuchuluka thupi, tiyenera poyerekeza ndi phindu analandira pa unit. Kumbukirani zojambula zodabwitsa "forte-eyiti Zinkhwe." Kukhazikitsa kutalika boa ndi otchulidwa anayeza m'litali mwa Zinkhwe, njovu, ndi anyani. Mu nkhani iyi, boa kutalika poyerekeza ndi kukula kwa anthu ena zojambula. The chifukwa ankadalira quantitatively ndi Buku.

Unit wa kuchulukitsa thupi - muyeso wa muyeso wake mu dongosolo linalake mayunitsi. Chisokonezo zonsezi ukapezeka osati chifukwa cha ungwiro, mitsuko zosiyanasiyana, koma nthawi zina chifukwa cha mayunitsi wachibale.

Russian muyeso kutalika - mayadi - mtunda pakati pa chala index ndi chala chachikulu. Komabe, manja a anthu onse osiyana, ndi mitunda, anayeza dzanja la munthu, ndi wosiyana ndi pabwalo pa dzanja la mwana kapena mkazi. Kulakwika chomwecho pakati pa kutalika miyeso nkhawa fathoms (mtunda wa pakati pa nsonga zala zake spaced popanda manja) ndipo chigongono (mtunda kuchokera chala chapakati ku dzanja chigongono).

N'zochititsa chidwi adindo shopu anatenga amuna a msinkhu waung'ono. amalonda kuchenjerera opulumutsidwa minofu ntchito angapo ang'onoang'ono Meryl: mayadi, chigongono sitingazimvetse.

m'dongosolo

Chotero njira zosiyanasiyana kulibe osati Russia komanso m'mayiko ena. Chiyambi mayunitsi ankakonda lachabechabe, nthawi zina mayunitsi kuyamba chifukwa cha mayiko miyezo awo. Mwachitsanzo, kuona kuthamanga mumlengalenga anayambitsa mmHg. Mumadziwika zinachitikira Torricelli, momwe chubu ntchito, potero swamping Mercury amaloledwa kulowamo kufunika ngati zachilendo.

mphamvu Engine poyerekeza ndi ndiyamphamvu (amene ankachita mu nthawi yathu).

Various thupi zedi muyeso wa zedi thupi kuchita osati zovuta ndi wosadalirika, komanso complicates chitukuko cha sayansi.

Dongosolo yunifolomu ya miyeso

Wonse dongosolo la zedi thupi, omasuka ndi wokometsedwa dziko lirilonse otukuka, wakhala chinthu chofunika. Maziko lingaliro Analeredwa monga kusankha n'zotheka chiwerengero zing'onozing'ono mayunitsi imene ubale masamu tingasonyezere, komanso mfundo zina. Chotero mfundo zofunika sayenera amakondana kwambiri, phindu ndi mwapadera anatsimikiza ndi kuzindikiridwa dongosolo ndalama.

Tinayesetsa vutoli m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Chirengedwe cha wogwirizana dongosolo la miyeso (chinkafunika, GHS, ISS, etc.) kuti mobwerezabwereza, koma kachitidwe aka ndi kovuta kapena ndi mfundo za sayansi view, kaya zoweta ntchito, mafakitale.

Ntchito mu m'ma 19 mochedwa, chasanduka kunja kusankha yekha mu 1958. Pa msonkhano wa dongosolo wogwirizana unaperekedwa kwa Komiti mayiko a Malamulo Metrology.

Dongosolo logwirizana la miyeso

1960 chinali msonkhano wosaiwalika wa Conference General pa poyeza. Dongosolo lapadera, wotchedwa «Systeme internationale d'Kugwirizanitsa» (chidule SI) Analeredwa ndi chigamulo cha msonkhano uwu wolemekezeka. Mu Russian mabuku a dongosolo lotchedwa System International (SI chidule).

Amatengedwa ngati maziko a 7 anthu akuluakulu ndi 2 zina. phindu n'zosangalatsa kumva anatsimikiza monga miyeso yolinganizira ndi

Zamkatimu zedi thupi la SI

Dzina la unit zoyambirira	measurand	chikhazikitso
		internationalist	Russian
wagawo chachikulu
kilogalamu	kulemera	makilogalamu	makilogalamu
mita	kutalika	mamita	mamita
chachiwiri	nthawi	m	ndi
ampere	panopa	A	A
Kelvin	kutentha	K	K
Mfuko	kuchuluka kwa mankhwala	mol	Mfuko
Candela	wowala mwamphamvu	ma cd	ma cd
mayunitsi zina
radian	lathyathyathya ngodya	rad	amasangalala
steradian	olimba ngodya	SR	cf.

dongosolo sangathe zigwirizana yekha wa mayunitsi zisanu ndi ziwiri, monga zosiyanasiyana njira thupi mu uthunthu liyenela kukhazikitsa mfundo zambiri latsopano. Kapangidwe kwambiri amapereka osati oyamba a mayunitsi latsopano, komanso ubale wawo mu mawonekedwe a maubwenzi masamu (iwo nthawi zambiri amatchedwa mitunduyi miyeso).

Unit wa kuchulukitsa thupi analandira ntchito chulutsa, exponentiation n'kuduladula mayunitsi m'munsi mu miyeso chilinganizo. Chosowa koefishienti n'zosangalatsa kumva mu maikwezhoni izi zimapangitsa dongosolo osati yabwino m'zonse, komanso coherent (coherent).

mayunitsi anachokera

mayunitsi The anapanga wa zotumphukira zisanu ndi ziwiri zazikulu, adakuitanira. Kuwonjezera pa mayunitsi chachikulu ndi kulimbikira, kufunika oyamba zina (radian ndi steradian). miyeso yawo amaonedwa kukhala ziro. Chosowa zipangizo kwa tanthauzo awo kukhala kosatheka kuyeza iwo. oyamba chifukwa ntchito kafukufuku ongolankhula. Mwachitsanzo, thupi kuchuluka "mphamvu" mu dongosolo amayezedwa Newtons. Popeza mphamvu - muyeso wa zochitika tonse matupi pa wina ndi mzake, ndi chifukwa kusinthasintha liwiro la thupi misa ena, ndiye inu mukhoza tanthauzo monga mankhwala a unit misa pa mlingo wagawo, anagawa ndi unit nthawi:

F = k0M0v / T, kumene K - Kugwirizana chinthu, M - misa wagawo mndime - liwiro wagawo, T - nthawi unit.

SI miyeso amapereka chilinganizo zotsatirazi: N = kg0m / ^2, pamene mayunitsi atatu ntchito. Ndipo kilogalamu ndi mita, ndipo chachiwiri anatchula chachikulu. The Kugwirizana koyefishienti ndi wofanana 1.

N'zotheka oyamba mfundo dimensionless, amene anafotokozedwa monga chiŵerengero cha zedi yunifolomu. Kwa iwo monga ndi koyefishienti wa mikangano, monga amadziwika, ndi chiŵerengero cha mphamvu frictional mphamvu ya kuthamanga bwinobwino.

MITU thupi zedi anachokera ku zofunika

wagawo dzina	measurand	ooneka enieni chilinganizo
Joule	mphamvu	kg0m 2 0s -2
Pascal	zoipazi	kr0 mamita -1 -2 0C
tesla	maginito kupatsidwa ulemu	0A 0C kg -1 -2
Volt	voteji	2 makilogalamu 0m 0s 0s -1 -3
ohm	kukana magetsi	2 makilogalamu 0m 0s 0s -3 -2
m'khosi	kuyang'anira Zamagetsi	A0 ndi
Watt	mphamvu	2 makilogalamu 0m 0s -3
Farad	permittance	0kg -2 mamita -1 0c 4 0A 2
Joule pa Kelvin	mphamvu kutentha	2 makilogalamu 0m 0s -1 -2 0K
Becquerel	Ntchito ya thunthu nyukiliya	-1 C
Weber	maginito kamwazi	0kg 0s 2 m 0s -1 -2
Henry	inductance	0kg 0s 2 m 0s -2 -2
hedzi	pafupipafupi	-1
Gray	odzipereka mlingo	2 m 0s -1
Sievert	Chofanana cheza mlingo	2 m 0s -2
mwanaalirenji	kuwala	mamita -2 -2 0kd 0sr
lumen	wowala kamwazi	CD 0sr
Newton	Mphamvu, kulemera	0kg mamita 0s -2
Siemens	magetsi madutsidwe	0kg -1 mamita -2 0s 3 0A 2
Farad	permittance	0kg -2 mamita -1 0c 4 0A 2

mayunitsi Common

Kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo za m'mbiri yakale sanali SI kapena amasiyana yekha ndi chinthu n'zosangalatsa kumva, ndi mutu ndi mfundo muyeso. Izi mayunitsi Common. Mwachitsanzo, mmHg, X-ray, ndi ena.

The koefishienti n'zosangalatsa kumva ntchito kukhazikitsa zedi angapo ndipo submultiple. Manambala oyambirira akufanana ndi nambala yeniyeni. Zitsanzo ndi centi-, kilo-, deca, mega- ndi ena ambiri.

1 kilometre = mamita 1000,

1 cm = 0.01 m.

kufanizitsa amatsogoza

Tiyeni kuyesera mwachindunji zina zofunika kuti amakulolani anapereka mtundu wa mtengo.

1. Malangizo. Ngati zochita za wambiri thupi mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi malangizo, iwo akutchedwa vekitala, ena - scalar.

2. Kukhalapo kwa gawo lapansi. Kukhalako kwa zedi thupi la chilinganizo limachititsa kuwatcha miyeso. Ngati mu kachitidwe, mayunitsi onse ndi digiri ziro, ndiye iwo amatchedwa dimensionless. Zikanakhala bwino kuitana zedi awo ndi gawo wofanana 1. mfundo dimensionless kuchuluka n'kosathandiza. Chuma chachikulu - gawo - sichinayambe zimafika!

3. kuwonjezera mwayi. Zowonjezera wambiri, lomwe kufunika akhoza kuwonjezeredwa, subtracted, kuchulukitsa ndi chinthu chimodzi, etc. (mwachitsanzo, thupi) - .. A kuchuluka kwa thupi, kumene ndi integrable.

4. Pa dongosolo thupi. Yaikulu - ngati mtengo wake akhoza kupangidwa pa mfundo za subsystem lapansi. Chitsanzo ndi malo amayezedwa mamita lalikulu. Tima - phindu, lomwe kufunika zimadalira pa dongosolo. Kwa iwo monga kutentha.