Maphunziro zauzimu ndiponso makhalidwe abwino a ophunzira (GEF): zochitika

Mbiri ya chitukuko cha anthu, mitundu ndi chitukuko zikutsimikizira kuti kugonjetsa zovuta za mdziko ndi chitukuko ikuchitika ndi thandizo la uzimu ndi chikhulupiriro. Iwo m'pofunika kulabadira chakuti pa siteji panopa Kukwezeleza zakakhalidwe pakati pa asayansi anati maganizo osokoneza kuti mfundo za maphunziro ndi yokonza mfundo zauzimu ndiponso makhalidwe abwino. maphunziro zauzimu ndiponso makhalidwe abwino a ophunzira ayenera kupanga chizindikiro cha mwana mu mfundo za makhalidwe abwino achikristu ndi kuphunzitsa achinyamata kukonda kwambiri anthu ake, chikhalidwe chake, kudzipereka kwa Mama, zimathandiza kuti mapangidwe Luso mkulu wa munthu ndipo motero kudzaza mphamvu kwambiri wauzimu wa abwino yamakono ya maphunziro.

mchitidwe sukulu maphunziro zikutsimikizira kuti palibe Maphunziro, palibe makhalidwe abwino chiphunzitso mapulogalamu sangathe m'malo munthu chikoka cha munthu pa munthu, chikoka cha aphunzitsi kuti wophunzirayo. Tsoka la tsogolo la mtunduwu nthawi zonse limadalira kufunika anzeru, amene agwira chitukuko cha maphunziro, sayansi ndi chikhalidwe.

Sakhwimitsa chidziwitso, ndi anthu

Aphunzitsi, monga ena mwa oimira stratum osankhika a anthu, pafupi ndi asayansi, madokotala, ojambula zithunzi zimathandiza wotukuka wa mtundu ndiponso kupangitsa maphunziro zauzimu ndiponso makhalidwe abwino a ophunzira. GEF (feduro mkhalidwe maphunziro muyezo) m'badwo wachiwiri ayenera imathandizira njira izi.

Kulera, monga ulamuliro, osati nzeru, koma anthu amene kunyamula zinthu ngati zimenezi. The aphunzitsi monga Mlangizi wauzimu, akhoza kukula munthu kwambiri uzimu ngati, choyamba, boma idzasintha udindo wake usathe (anthu ayenera kumvetsa yofunika kwambiri ya utumiki mphunzitsi akatswiri - pomanga Cathedral moyo wa mwanayo); Kachiwiri, ndondomeko anakonza kulima cholinga, mwadongosolo zitavuta, chikhalidwe ofunika kuti kuli mphunzitsi, izo amathandiza kuti Kuwulura umatha zauzimu ndiponso makhalidwe abwino ngati munthu wokhalapo, monga nzika komanso katswiri.

Yachipembedzo ndi wakutemwa - magwero chachikulu cha maphunziro

M'zaka khumi zapitazo zambiri zandale ndi chikhalidwe atsogoleri, aphunzitsi, makolo, onyamula maphunziro zauzimu ndiponso makhalidwe abwino a ophunzira akusekondale ndi kutembenukira kwa makhalidwe abwino achikhristu monga kwambiri wangwiro, zogwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kosamugonjera zinthu ndale ndi maganizo.

Nyengo yosintha, umene uli lero anthu ali kwambiri ndi zokhudza zonse ndi kukonza maphunziro zoweta - zovuta aphunzitsi a boma ndi zauzimu kupeza mfundo zatsopano, njira ndi njira, njira ndi zipangizo kuthetsa mavuto zovuta manga kwambiri wauzimu anthu wamba. Choncho, mapangidwe dziko lauzimu la ana ndi achinyamata, uzimu monga makhalidwe akuluakulu umunthu - ntchito zazikulu ndi zovuta, womwenso mu chidwi cha anthu ena onse kuphunzitsa.

ophunzitsa Progressive akuthwa womangidwa malo oyamba mu mapangidwe a - maphunziro zauzimu ndiponso makhalidwe abwino a ophunzira. Activities ikuchitika ndi cholinga kuukitsa yachipembedzo ndi wakutemwa mwa ana - magwero chachikulu cha maphunziro auzimu ku nthawi za Kievan Lazaro. Kutumikira Mulungu ndi Lathu - awiri mfundo Mtheradi wa anthu Asilavo.

Wauzimu ndiponso makhalidwe mawonedwe

Kukula pang'onopang'ono kwa kudziwa ongolankhula pa theka lachiwiri la m'ma XX Tingaone mu kusintha paradigms ndi mfundo za maphunziro, maphunziro. Mawonedwe - dongosolo chitsanzo cha ongolankhula, methodological ndi axiological kachitidwe, kutengedwa ngati chitsanzo kuthetsa mavuto sayansi anthu ena asayansi. Wauzimu ndiponso makhalidwe maphunziro mawonedwe amasonyeza limafotokoza chitukuko cha umunthu wa uzimu ake, maziko ake - mogwirizana kwa aphunzitsi ndi ophunzira, potengera dongosolo la makhalidwe achikhristu.

Cholinga - kutumikira Mulungu ndi Lathu. Vuto limeneli pophunzitsa monga mmodzi wa msonkhano waukulu kumatanthauza-Russian Intaneti aphunzitsi. maphunziro zauzimu ndiponso makhalidwe abwino a ophunzira - ndiko Kulenga kwa mwana zinthu zimene iye akanakhoza kufika pamwamba pa chitukuko pachimake a zauzimu ndi makhalidwe abwino, nzeru ndi muzochitika chibadwidwe, thanzi ndi zina zomwe analenga mfundo m'moyo wamoyo, kupyolera kumayambiriro kwa chikhalidwe. Wauzimu ndiponso makhalidwe maphunziro mawonedwe - lolunjika zauzimu zochokera ndondomeko kukhala mwanayo makhalidwe masanjidwe wa mtendere, umene Mzimuyo cholinga ndi tanthauzo la moyo wawo yekha.

Mfundo ya kumanga ndondomeko ano maphunziro

Analysis wa cholowa pedagogical ukuonetsa kuti maphunziro bwino zauzimu ndiponso makhalidwe abwino a ophunzira. GEF amapereka tanthauzo mfundo ya kumanga ndondomeko ano maphunziro pa maziko a uzimu ndi makhalidwe maphunziro chitsanzo:

• dziko ndani khadi;
• umodzi wa chikhalidwe, wauzimu ndi ozindikira malo abwino ophunzirira;
• maphunziro achipembedzo;
• chiŵerengero cha cholinga ofanana ndi ntchito kukula mwauzimu mwanayo;
• kuphatikiza malingaliro ndi chikhulupiriro.

mfundo izi akuyendera mwa dongosolo la malamulo a makhalidwe abwino amene amalola onse wophunzira ndi mphunzitsi mu ndondomeko ya mgwirizano wauzimu ndiponso makhalidwe kuzindikira vekitala kukula munthu ndi kumva kufunika kwa umunthu wawo kwa ena.

The zili maphunziro chitsanzo amakhazikitsa zolinga za maphunziro zauzimu ndiponso makhalidwe abwino a ophunzira lophunzira wosatha mwamtheradi, Mkhristu, mayiko, boma, zachilengedwe, zokongoletsa ndi mfundo aluntha a moyo. Limagwirira wa ntchito kwa moyo wauzimu ndiponso makhalidwe mawonedwe kwambiri mphunzitsi zinthu lino la bungwe ndi kugwira ntchito kwa maphunziro ndondomeko ulemu ndi phindu kutanthauza wauzimu kwambiri makhalidwe umunthu zochokera mogwirizana kwa aphunzitsi ndi ophunzira. Mfundo zimenezi zimafuna maphunziro zina, zomwe adzalenga dongosolo la njira, njira ndi zipangizo, mitundu ndi mawonekedwe a mphunzitsi ntchito akatswiri ndipo potsiriza vuto la maphunziro zauzimu ndiponso makhalidwe abwino a ophunzira.

Mphunzitsi ngati mwininkhani

A mwininkhani njira m'pamabuku wamakono wa dongosolo maphunziro dziko, mosakaika, ndi mphunzitsi. Mlingo wa chikhalidwe akatswiri komanso mphunzitsi ayenera kukhala pa mlingo yoyenera kuonetsetsa maphunziro zauzimu ndiponso makhalidwe abwino a ophunzira. GEF kumafuna amafuna latsopano chikhalidwe akatswiri ndi munthu wa mphunzitsiyo, akuonetsa kusintha kwakukulu mu njira, okhutira, mosalekeza pedagogical luso maphunziro, ndi kuwabweretsa iwo mu mzere ndi zenizeni maphunziro komanso chikhalidwe. Komabe, funso waukulu Zatsala yamtunduwu akatswiri komanso aphunzitsi pa khalidwe la gulu la ndondomeko yophunzitsa mabungwe ano maphunziro.

yamtunduwu

Yamtunduwu ndi taziwona kuphunzitsa sayansi mfundo ya maphunziro auzimu ndi abwino a ophunzira, komanso mphamvu za umunthu mphunzitsiyo efficiently ndi bwino osati zinthu muyezo, komanso kuthetsa mavuto akatswiri mavuto ofunika kuti njira kulenga.

M'mayiko ambiri, kukhazikitsa mphunzitsi wa yamtunduwu katswiri wa ntchito ndi monga yofunika chodabwitsa chikhalidwe komanso-khalidwe kuti Chili angalimbikitsire ndi evaluative, chidziwitso ndi ntchito zigawo zikuluzikulu. Ntchito ya maphunziro auzimu ndi makhalidwe a sukulu monga methodological, psycho-pedagogical, mwapadera nkhani ndi mbali methodological. Komabe, onse a iwo anachokera ku yamtunduwu ake maganizo, kudziwa vekitala kukula lenileni la mphunzitsi monga munthu, nzika ndi akatswiri.

zovuta The aumbike mwa competences kiyi nthanthi ankaimira mu moyo chikhalidwe cha mphunzitsi, chuma, azikhalidwe, mfundo kulankhula, malamulo ndale, komanso yamtunduwu m'munda wa moyo.

Chimodzi mwa mfundo yaikulu ya pedagogy ndi maganizo abwino. Chiphunzitso cha makhalidwe a - methodological maziko a dongosolo lililonse maphunziro. Mphunzitsi ano ayenera kumvetsetsa kuti mapangidwe umunthu wa mwanayo sikuti akutsogolera chitukuko cha njira maganizo, makamaka ndi maphunziro zauzimu ndiponso makhalidwe a sukulu. "Zithunzi zabwino ndi zoipa", umene masiku ano kwake pedagogy amakono a boma, ndi wachibale zoipa sangathe wolungama ndi estetizirovat mu Chikhristu.

worldview erudition

Worldview erudition wa mphunzitsi ndi kupanga kalembedwe wapadera wauzimu wa akatswiri ntchito, kulankhulana ndi ubale, ndi zochita pa maphunziro zauzimu ndiponso makhalidwe abwino a ophunzira. GEF mu kope chatsopano chimapereka mphamvu kuti mphunzitsi ku kufuna kukhala munthu kwambiri mwauzimu, kukhala ndi makhalidwe ena angapo zomwe mochititsa wake monga kufala zonse zauzimu pa chuma, kufuna zabwino, umene uli makamaka kuonekera m'zochita zake wabwino umalimbana chitukuko cha zawo luso, talente, mphamvu za kulenga, kuzindikira mfundo muyezo kusankha - makhalidwe abwino achikristu chikhalidwe dziko, kukula kwa mphamvu chimwemwe kumvetsa.

maphunziro zauzimu ndiponso makhalidwe a sukulu: chochitika

1. makhalidwe mapangidwe, lokonda munthu ungwiro wauzimu (invariable kutsatira malamulo a makhalidwe abwino nthawi zonse).
2. Lophunzira zili chikhalidwe chauzimu cha anthu (mozama kudziwa m'munda wa zojambulajambula, nthano, dziko ndi mabuku dziko, erudition, palokha mtengo maweruzo, yamtunduwu m'munda wa chikhalidwe dziko ndi chigawo chipembedzo chake: iconography, chikhalidwe kachisi, nyimbo zopatulika, ndi chidwi mu dziko lamkati la munthu, chidwi mu ziphunzitso ndi akatswiri achipembedzo).
3. Mapangidwe nzika, adzadziwire dziko (mbiri kwambiri ndi miyambo ya anthu luso lawo, banja lawo, timatha kusangalala ndi udindo kwa dziko lawo ndiponso anthu, ukoma boma, ndi zina zotero).

Njira ya chitukuko cha yamtunduwu akatswiri

Mogwirizana maganizo athu a mphunzitsi ndi mfundo yaikulu ya maphunziro zauzimu ndiponso makhalidwe abwino a ophunzira. Harmonicity si bwino monga chitukuko cha makhalidwe anthu mlingo chomwecho, koma monga ngati kukhulupirika pa zimene luso lililonse ali ndi malo makamaka poyerekezera ndi udindo pa ntchito yake.

Chiyanjano cha mphunzitsi yamakono ya moyo

1. Mogwirizana ubale ndi anthu ena, ndi chilengedwe kunja. Zimapezeka ndi kumvetsa Christian chikondi - Zinthu ngati mukufuna kuchitira inu. M'dera la zimachitika pakati pa mphunzitsi ndi mlingo wophunzira limeneli Kuyanjana pakathi pa nkhani ndipo ananena mu moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku ulemu. A chimake yeniyeni ya zochita zake lachifundo ndi ana asukulu ndi aphunzitsi.
2. Mogwirizana ndi chikumbumtima chake, chimene amapereka mtendere wa mumtima wa mtima wa munthu. Ngati mphunzitsi amakonda mwini mkati mogwirizana, moyenerera amatanthauza pamene awukali; Iye akunena zoona, pamene zaphindu kunyenga; moona mtima kuchita ntchito pamene inu mukhoza kuchita zinthu mosiyana.
3. Mogwirizana ndi Good Mtheradi - kukonda zabwino ndi kupewa zoipa. Ntchito katswiri wa mphunzitsi umalamulira amatikonda anthu, chikhulupiriro, chiyembekezo, chikondi, chifundo, chisoni ndi chidaliro.

Mfundo ya maphunziro auzimu

Zinachitikira wachikhristu Orthodox analeredwa limasonyeza kuti n'zosatheka amayendera anthu auzimu mwa chitukuko cha ntchito yake psycho-thupi. Inu simungakhoze kubwera kwa kukula mu uzimu kupyolera chitukuko cha nzeru yekha, ufulu kokha, kapena maganizo, ngakhale moyo wauzimu, ndipo mkhalapakati ndi chitukuko cha zigawo izi.

Man ndi chikhalidwe ali ndi vuto kumanga munda wawo wauzimu ziribe kanthu zimene maso dziko - mwa maso a Mkhristu kapena chuma. Mbali yofunika kwambiri ya uzimu ndi kuti nthawi zonse zofunika zina - kuganizira abwino, chimene ndi maziko a chikhulupiriro mwa iye.

Vera - chosowa achilengedwe a moyo wa munthu, zimene ndi gwero la chilimbikitso zabwino pa khalidwe la munthu; ndi - maziko a ndondomeko ya maphunziro, maziko a chikhulupiriro munthu. funso ndicho chimene angathe ndipo ayenera mwana kukhulupirira, choti amatilimbikitsa. Kukhulupirika kwa ntchito yophunzitsa zachokera mogwirizana chikhulupiriro ndi mfundo mgwirizano amene akuonetsera mchitidwe maphunziro onse. Makhalidwe amene amaperekedwa kwa munthu makamaka mwa chikhulupiriro, chifukwa adzaupereka kwa chida cha nzeru zauzimu.

dongosolo la makhalidwe

Kuphunzitsa ophunzira zauzimu njira yakale amafuna kukhazikitsidwa kwa dongosolo la makhalidwe monga maziko tanthauzo la moyo wa munthu, kufuna zolinga wosatha Zabwino, Choonadi ndi Kukongola. Ngati anthu wapangidwa ndi anthu amene chiyanjano cha mzimu, amakhala oyenera kwambiri, logwirizana lonse makhalidwe chikhalidwe cha anthu anatsimikiza ndi m'mikhalidwe anthu ake.

Kokha kupyolera kudziletsa kudziwa mphunzitsi amadziwa kufunika ndi kudzikonda kusintha awo kudzera umalandira ukhale ulemu kwa anthu watsopano wauzimu, izo zifika ku chikhulupiriro choona, ndi moyo yogwira.

Nthawi zonse muyenera kukumbukira malangizo Ioanna Zlatousta: "Ana ako nthawizonse moyo wochuluka, pamene amalandira kwa inu maphunziro abwino amene angathe streamline makhalidwe awo ndi khalidwe bwanji osayesa kupanga iwo wolemera, koma nkhawa mmene kukula ambuye awo mokokomeza zilakolako zawo. wolemera makhalidwe abwino. "