Mawu "kung'anima kukumbukira" Tsopano milomo aliyense. Mawu akuti "kung'anima galimoto" ngakhale loyamba graders kucheza ndi amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Izi luso ndi liwiro zosaneneka zinatchuka. Komanso, akatswiri ambiri akuganiza kuti posachedwa m'tsogolo kung'anima m'mutu m'malo yosungirako zipangizo zochokera mbale maginito. Kodi n'lakuti yekha akamasintha chitukuko ndi phindu lake. N'zosadabwitsa kuti ambiri, kulankhula mankhwala atsopano, pafupifupi sankadziwa kuti kukumbukira kung'anima. Pa dzanja limodzi, wosuta afunika chipangizo ntchito, ndiponso mmene amagwira ntchito yake - nkhani zazing'ono. Komabe, kukhala osachepera kumvetsa chofunikira kwa munthu aliyense ophunzira.
kung'anima pamtima chiyani?
Monga mukudziwa, makompyuta ndi mitundu yambiri ya zipangizo yosungirako: zigawo kukumbukira, abulusa mwakhama ndi abulusa kuwala. Otsiriza awiri - ndi electromechanical njira. Koma RAM - kwathunthu amagetsi chipangizo. Ndi mndandanda wa transistors pa Chip anasonkhana ndi Chip wapadera. peculiarity ake kwagona deta awasungira kwa nthawi yaitali m'munsi elekitirodi aliyense kiyi ulamuliro imapatsidwa mphamvu. Panopa timamva tione. Kung'anima pamtima wopanda vuto ili. mlandu vuto yosungirako popanda voteji kunja anathana ntchito akuyandama transistors chipata. Popeza kunja kuyang'anira chikoka mu amenewa chipangizo akhoza kusungidwa nthawi mokwanira yaitali (zaka zosachepera 10). Kufotokoza mfundo ya opareshoni, m'pofunika kukumbukira ndizosowa zamagetsi.
Kodi ndi transistor?
Zimenezi zimathandiza kwambiri moti chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ali osowa, kumene iwo ntchito. Ngakhale banal kuwala lophimba nthawi zina anapereka makiyi lotengeka. Kodi transistor tingachipeze powerenga anakonza? Bukuli lili ndi awiri michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi chuma, mmodzi amene ali ndi madutsidwe zamagetsi (n), ndi dzenje ena (p). Kuti mupeze transistor yosavuta, m'pofunika kuphatikiza zipangizo, monga npn ndipo aliyense elekitirodi chipika pulagi. Pa elekitirodi chimodzi kwambiri (emitter) voteji umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Iwo akhoza lizilamuliridwa ndi kusintha ukulu wa lingathe pa linanena bungwe pafupifupi (m'munsi). Kuchotsa limapezeka pa wokhometsa - wachitatu kwambiri kukhudzana. N'zoonekeratu kuti ndi mofulumira wa voteji m'munsi adzabwerera ku mkhalidwe ndale. Koma transistor chipangizo ndi yoyandama chipata fleshek chimapangitsa yosiyaniranapo: kutsogolo kwa nkhani michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi m'munsi aikidwa wosanjikiza zonyalazo dielectric ndi chipata akuyandama - pamodzi kupanga wotchedwa "m'thumba". Pamene ntchito kuphatikiza voteji m'munsi mwa transistor kuti adzatsegulidwa ndi kudutsa panopa logwirizana ndi mfundo ziro. Koma ngati chipata kuika umodzi mlandu (elekitironi), munda wake neutralizes zotsatira za m'munsi zomanga - chipangizo adzakana chatsekedwa (zomveka wagawo). Ndi kuyeza voteji pakati pa emitter ndi wokhometsa tingadziwire kukhalapo (kapena kusapezeka) a mlandu pa chipata akuyandama. Kuika mlandu pa chipata ntchito m'ngalande zotsatira (Fowler - Nordheim). Kuchotsa kufunika kotsatira mkulu woyang'anira (9) ku voteji zoipa ndi maziko abwino kwa emitter. Mlandu adzasiya chipata. Popeza njira zonse kusinthika, wakhala akufuna kuphatikiza chimake ndi transistor ochiritsira ndi chipata akuyandama. Izi analola "kufufuta" mlandu otsika voteji ndi kutulutsa chipangizo kwambiri yaying'ono (sayenera kudzipatula). USB kung'anima kukumbukira limagwiritsa ntchito mfundo imeneyi (NAND dongosolo).
Choncho, ndi kaphatikizidwe transistors izi midadada, zinali zotheka kuti akonze kukumbukira zimene deta analembedwa ndi theoretically anapitiriza popanda kusintha kwa zaka zambiri. Mwina yekha drawback wa abulusa ano kung'anima - chiwerengero cha lemba m'zinthu malire.