Katswiri - ndi ... ya zakuthambo kwambiri mu mbiri

Katswiri - ndi munthu amene ali ndi chidwi mu njira dziko ndi zochitika. Kodi zikutanthauza - kukhala mkasidi? Amene anali woyamba kufunsa funso za zinsinsi za kumwamba? Pa woyamba ndi zakuthambo kwambiri kupeza nkhani.

Katswiri - ndi ...

Anthu nthawi zonse ndinkadabwa zimene zili pamwamba pa mitambo, ndipo mmene zinthu ntchito, mu malo interstellar. Katswiri - ndi munthu amene ankafuna kuti kufunsa mafunso awa, koma sadzawayankha. Ndi katswiri wa zakuthambo - sayansi ya chilengedwe chonse, zonse ndondomeko ndi mabwenzi zimene zimachitika mmenemo. Ndipo ichi muyenera kukhala oleza mtima, kuonerera, ndipo ambiri Chofunika - kudziwa kwambiri zosiyanasiyana za sayansi. Choncho, mkasidi - ndi wamkulu komanso woyamba ndi wasayansi.

zakuthambo Professional ayenera kudziwa mu sayansi, masamu ndi zina zimapangidwira. Amagwira ntchito malo kafukufuku ndi zoyang'anira, kupenda mudziwe zakuthambo, kayendedwe ndi zochitika zina, amene anachokera ku kuzipenya awo, deta Kanema, ntchito zosiyanasiyana zipangizo. ntchito Izi zikuphatikizapo yopapatiza kwambiri specialization Mwachitsanzo, wasayansi mapulaneti, Katswiri, astrohimik, zakuthambo.

The zakuthambo loyamba

Zochitika kumwamba usiku, anthu aona kuti chithunzi pa izo zimasiyanasiyana kwa nyengo. Kenako anazindikira kuti njira lapansi ndi kumwamba ndi zogwirizana ndi kuyamba kumasulira chinsinsi chawo. The zakuthambo poyamba ankadziwika anali Sumerians ndi Ababulo. Iwo anaphunzira kulosera akadamsana nuyese njira yodutsamo ya mapulaneti kungosunga kuzipenya pa mapale.

Aiguputo ndi kumbuyo mu BC IV atumwi. e. Tinayamba kugawanitsa kumwamba mu magulu, ndi kunena maganizo awo pa zinthu zakuthambo. Mu China wakale mwakhama taonera zonse zochitika zodabwitsa monga comets, imaonetsa, zimiyala, nyenyezi yatsopano. Kwa nthawi yoyamba ndi nyenyezi amatchulidwa 631 BC. Mu India kalelo pang'ono bwino, ngakhale m'zaka za m'ma V Indian zakuthambo anapeza kuti mapulaneti umakhudza nguli.

Kuzipenya wa nyenyezi ndi maiko ankachita Inca, Mayan, Acelt Druids, Agiriki akale. Recent n'kuwaza onse lamanja ndi ziphunzitso zopusa ndi maganizo. Mwachitsanzo, mitengo ya Earth anali kutali ku North Star, ndipo m'mawa ndi madzulo Venus imatengedwa nyenyezi zosiyanasiyana. Pamene ena anali zolondola ndithu Mwachitsanzo, Aristarh Samossky ankakhulupirira kuti dzuwa kuposa Dziko Lapansi, ndi kukhulupirira mu heliocentrism. Eratosthenes anayeza dziko lapansi ndi obliquity wa ecliptic kwa dziko.

Copernican zisinthe

Nikolay Kopernik - wasayansi-zakuthambo, amene ndi chimodzi cha apainiya a ku Scientific utasintha. Pamaso pake, mu Ages Middle asayansi ambiri zikusintha kuzipenya wakeyu ndi Mpingo ndi anthu geocentric dongosolo la Ptolemy. Ngakhale anthu ngati Nikolay Kuzansky kapena Georg Purbach, koma atapereka kungoganizira bwino ndipo anapezazo, mfundo sayansi anali m'malo umboni khalidwe.

Ntchito zake "Pa Revolutions wa muzochitika Akumwamba", lofalitsidwa mu 1543, Copernicus amapereka chitsanzo heliocentric. Malinga ndi ichi, dzuwa ndi nyenyezi padziko limene Earth amasuntha ndi onse a dziko. amanena imayendetsedwa ndi ku Greece, koma izo zinali chabe maganizo.

Copernicus m'buku lake anapereka maumboni oonekera ndi mfundo zokhutiritsa. Maganizo ake anapitiriza kukhala ambiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo kwambiri monga Giordano Bruno, Galileo Galiley, Kepler, Newton. Si onse amene maganizo ake zinali zolondola. Choncho, Copernicus ankakhulupirira kuti zili m'njira zozungulira ya mapulaneti, thambo zochepa dongosolo dzuwa, koma ntchito chake chasanduka zakale sayansi dziko.

Galileo Galilei

Amathandiza kwambiri kwa sayansi ya zakuthambo wapanga Galileo Galilei - Italy zakuthambo, sayansi, masamu ndi nzeru za anthu. Chimodzi mwa zinthu wotchuka kwambiri ndi kuyambitsa kwa makina a. Asayansi analenga mandala kusunga thambo loyamba chipangizo kuwala kwa dzikoli.

Ndiyamika zakutali ndi, zakuthambo, sayansi, anatsimikiza kuti pamwamba mwezi ndi zopinga, monga mmene ankaganizira poyamba. Anapeza kuti pali mawanga pa dzuwa, mitambo ya Milky Way ndi nyenyezi zambiri kukomoka, ndipo chimazungulira mapulaneti angapo Jupiter.

Galileo anali kutsatira odzipereka a chiphunzitso Copernican. Iye anali kukhulupirira kuti dziko ndilo limazungulira dzuwa, osati kokha, komanso nguli, chimene chimayambitsa mafunde a m'nyanja. Izi zachititsa zaka zambiri za kulimbana ndi mpingo.

Telescope anapeza kuti zosalongosoka, ndi bogohulnicheskie maganizo olakwika. The kusaka, Galileo anakakamizika kusiya mfundo zake. Iwo amatamanda ndi mawu wotchuka, amene iye ankati ananena: "Ndipo komabe limayenda"

Iogann Kepler

Scientist-zakuthambo Iogann Kepler ankakhulupirira kuti zakuthambo ndi yankho kugwirizana mwambi chinsinsi pakati pa thambo ndi munthu. nzeru zake anagwiritsa ntchito kulosera nyengo ndi zokolola. Iye amapereka lingaliro la Copernicus, amene akhoza kusuntha ngakhale zina ndi zofunika sayansi.

Kepler anali kufotokoza akuoneka sanali pachilichonse za kayendedwe mapulaneti, pa maziko a atatu anachokera malamulo awo. Iye anayambitsa mfundo zili m'njira, mawonekedwe amene limanenedwa ngati ellipse ndi. Wasayansi komanso anachokera kuti aone kuti pali kuti amalola kuti kuwerengera malo a zinthu zakuthambo.

Onse maganizo Kepler sayansi anali pamodzi zongoganiza. Ngati Pythagoreans, ndi maganizo a kuli mogwirizana wapadera kayendedwe ka zinthu zakuthambo ndipo anayesa kupeza phindu lake lapadera. Chidwi ndi tanthauzo chinsinsi, izo penapake kusweka zimene anachita sayansi zomwe zinali zolondola kwambiri pa mapeto.