Kapangidwe ka sacrum ndi coccyx: thunthu ndi cholinga zinchito

Siyense anafotokoza thanzi lawo bwino. Nthawi zambiri anthu samapereka tcheru kuti ena ululu, ndi zoona zikunenedwa kuti thupi si kuti zabwino, ndi kufunika kanthu. Mwachitsanzo, anthu angapo nkhawa ululu sacrum lapansi. Pakali pano, zikhoza chizindikiro matenda oopsa. Nthawi zambiri, si tonse bwino kapangidwe ka sacrum lapansi. Pamodzi, tiyeni tione izo.

Kodi sacrum

Sacral gawo ndi lalikulu triangular fupa mawonekedwe, limene lili m'munsi mwa ndime msana. Chifukwa ana nkomwe mafupa, ali tichipeza osiyana vertebrae asanu, ndi akulu ndi chidutswa umodzi. Iye ali mtundu wa mphero aikidwa pakati pa mafupa m'chiuno.

Childs, sacrum popangidwa ndi zisanu zinaphatikizidwa vertebrae, koma pangakhale zambiri, pamaso pa anomalies monga sacralisation. Osati nthawi zonse vertebrae zinaphatikizidwa mu unyamata, zomwe, poyamba, si kuphwanya, ndipo zaka zambiri kuti 25 chirichonse.

m'madipatimenti sacrum

Tsopano tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane zimene kapangidwe ka sacrum lapansi. Thunthu mogwirizana ake anasonyeza ndi mafupa a lumbar ndi coccyx. Pankhaniyi, tichipeza magawo angapo:

• kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo pamalo (facies pelvina, facies dorsalis);
• Ndime mbali (ndime lateralis);
• m'munsi (maziko ossis sacri);
• vertex (pamwamba ossis sacri);
• sacral ngalande (canalis sacralis).

Kutsogolo padziko ali ndi mawonekedwe concave amene ali kutchulidwa kwambiri malangizo ndi upwardly ndi downwardly, koma zochepa mu mbali. Pakati pa gawo kutsogolo kwa sacrum mtanda 4 mtanda membala kupanga mipando vertebrae maphatikizidwe. Pa mbali zonse za mizere anakonza mipata mu kuchuluka kwa ndalama 4 ku mbali iliyonse. Ali ndi mawonekedwe chonse, motsogoleredwa patsogolo ndi laterally ndi malangizo kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi muona kusintha awiri a mbali ang'onoang'ono. Kudzera mabowo izi kuthamanga Mitsempha ndi mapeto mitsempha yomwe zimapanga plexus.

Pa kumbuyo padziko dongosolo la sacrum amakhala ndi yopapatiza otukukira kunja mawonekedwe ndi roughness. Motsatira izo asanu zitunda Bony, amene anapanga ndi pophatikizana a ena vertebrae lapansi. Spinous ndondomeko unpaired mawonekedwe Chisa njira articular kuphatikiza mu wapakatikati zitunda, spikes ndi zitunda lateral popangidwa ndi dzina lomweli wophatikizidwa. Nthawi zina tokhala onse kuphatikiza mu lokwera limodzi.

The kali mbali ya kutambasuka osiyana mu gawo chapamwamba, koma iwo mwapang'ono pansi.

Chifukwa - ndi fupa kuti ali ndi mawonekedwe yotundumukira kunja kwa mpanda ndi lonse, akukumana kutsogolo kupita m'tsogolo. Mbali kutsogolo chikugwirizana ndi wachisanu lumbar linkawonongeka kuti ndipamene mtundu wa Cape, umalimbana mafupa a chiuno ndi.

Vertex ali ndi mawonekedwe chowulungika, amene amalola kuti njira yabwino kugwirizana ndi fupa la coccyx lapansi.

Kapangidwe ka sacrum ndi coccyx yaphatikiza ndi chimene chimafika pamodzi fupa ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe yokhota kumapeto. Pamwamba ndi anawonjezera ndipo akufanana kansalu, ndi pansi ndi mwapang'ono. Mmene kumbuyo mpanda wa njira akhala unfilled. Njira sacral plexus mitsempha mathero ili exiting kudzera m'maenje.

Kodi mafupa a chiuno

Sacrum, izo lili pafupi kumbuyo, ndi mbali chabe ya kapangidwe ka mafupa a chiuno munthu wina aliyense, ngakhale jenda. Monga ulamuliro, izo tichipeza zigawo zitatu zikuluzikulu:

• awiri m'chiuno mafupa;
• sacrum;
• tailbone.

Kutsogolo kwa mafupa a chiuno fupa mitundu iwiri iwiri ogwirizana ndi theka chikusuntha nesinovialnogo pawiri. Apo ayi, gawo ili amatchedwa symphysis pubis kapena obisika symphysis. Kumbuyo mafupa awa ziwembu zawo khutu woboola pakati mitundu amagwira kwa zolosera yemweyo wa aitch fupa. Chifukwa cha zimenezi zimadzetsa mapangidwe awiriawiri malo sacroiliac.

Komanso, aliyense mafupa awiri, komanso dongosolo la mafupa a chiuno, kenako, komanso tichipeza zigawo zina zitatu:

• iliac;
• ischial;
• obisika.

Pa kukwanilitsa 16-18 azaka, mafupa awa olumikiza cartilages mzake. Ndiye pali machiritso mwapang'onopang'ono zinthu izi mu umodzi m'chiuno fupa. Padziko kunja kwake ali acetabulum, amene akutumikira monga malo yabwino ogwiritsa mutu femoral.

Chifukwa ndi mphete kapena m'chiuno M'mimbamo, kumene ziwalo ndi akachita. Beseni lonse lagawidwa m'magawo awiri: lalikulu, onse (mafupa a chiuno yaikulu) ndi ang'ono kuchepera (mafupa a chiuno zazing'ono). Amawapatula ndi mzere wammalire wakupambana mwa promontory sacral, Arc a mafupa awiri iliac, scallops obisika fupa ndi malire chapamwamba cha symphysis obisika.

Motero, dongosolo m'chiuno zikuphatikizapo dipatimenti, ali ziwalo za thupi pamimba m'munsi - mphika waukulu. Ndipo kakang'ono kubisala ya rectum ndi chikhodzodzo. Komanso, pali chiberekero ndi zokhudzana ndi nyini mu akazi. Mu amuna, dipatimenti amateteza prostate ndi vesicles seminal.

Kusiyana dongosolo m'chiuno za amuna ndi akazi

Makamaka kusiyana dongosolo la dipatimenti m'chiuno chifukwa chakuti thupi akazi ndinazolowera kubadwa kwa mwana. Monga mafupa a chiuno ndi, mwinamwake maonekedwe ndi sacrum wamkazi (a chithunzi dongosolo kwake m'nkhani). Iye ali onse ndi zochepa yokhota kumapeto.

mafupa a chiuno Female onse kwambiri ndi yankholi. Komanso osiyana ndi mabowo: theka wamkazi anali onse kwambiri, chifukwa mwa iwo mwanayo. Ndipo pamene ukuwonjezeka pobereka dzenje. Sami m'chiuno mafupa akazi zambiri yokhota kumapeto kuposa amuna.

magwiridwe

Mu matupi athu kufunika imagwera pa sacrum lapansi. Features dongosolo la kuwalola kuchita Ntchito yaikulu ya chitetezo limba, zomwe zili M'mimbamo m'chiuno. Koma, kuwonjezera, amatipatsa sacrum woongoka mafupa anthu. Uyamiko kwa Iye, katundu lonse wogawana anagawira, makamaka buku lake lalikulu kugwa poyenda. Popeza ndi vertebrae wa sacrum mpumulo, ndiye kuchita injini ntchito, sangatero.

dongosolo minofu

Sacral dipatimenti sanathe bwino kukwaniritsa ntchito yake popanda magulu minofu:

• peyala;
• iliac;
• analigawa;
• gluteal.

Chiyambi cha ku piriformis minofu amachita yekha Mitsemphayi sacrum ndi wamkulu sciatic foramen. Iwo achoke mitolo munthu ulusi minofu, amene ndiye amaphatikizidwa ndi anatumiza kwa trochanter lalikulu la fupa ntchafu. Minofu amatipatsa makina zoyenda a m'chiuno olowa.

Sacrum minofu iliac tingayambe ndi mafupa, amene ali ndi udindo kwa yolusa iliac ake Crest ndi fovea lapansi. Ndiye minofu ukupita mmwamba kwa trochanter wamng'ono wa fupa ntchafu. Ntchito yake flexion ya nthambi m'munsi.

Analigawa ulusi minofu imakonzedwa mu mizere ya sacrum, ndipo ali ndi udindo kupinda mmbuyo chammbuyo.

Gluteal minofu zida limachokera ku fupa sacrum ndi coccyx, kuphatikizapo iliac lapansi. ulusi Komanso kuwonjezera kwa gluteal tuberosity. Mu sacral gluteus Maximus ndi yaikulu. cholinga chake - kasinthasintha ichi ndi flexion wa miyendo m'munsi.

kotunga magazi sacral

Pakuti kuonetsetsa kotunga ulusi minofu anafotokozedwa ndi dipatimenti kukumana ziwiya zina magazi. Kapangidwe ka sacrum ndi kuti peyala ndi gluteal minofu gulu amalandira zakudya chifukwa mtsempha wamagazi gluteal lagawidwa nthambi angapo.

Ndi iliac minofu ulusi abwino mtsempha wamagazi iliopsoas. Kuwonjezera izo nawo ndi mtsempha wamagazi, envelopu a m'chiuno fupa. mitsempha lumbar kupereka mphamvu kwa magulu minofu analigawa.

molekezera mitsempha

Good ntchito minofu kapangidwe ndi zotheka chifukwa cha mathero mitsempha. magulu ntchito ilium ndi piriformis minofu olamulidwa ndi lumbar ndi sacral plexus. Izi zipangitsa ndi kuyenda aliyense olowa. Choncho kwa iliac CHIKWANGWANI akukumana ndi lumbar plexus, ndi polojekiti kwa mathero piriformis mitsempha sacrum.

Kapangidwe chikuphatikizapo breech sacrum plexus mitsempha maselo kulamulira minofu ya dzina chomwecho. Pakuti innervation multifidus magulu minofu udindo msana ngalande mitsempha.