Internet womenyera ufulu US Aroni Swartz: yonena, zikayenda bwino ndi mfundo zochititsa chidwi. Moyo ndi Imfa Aarona Shvartsa

anthu anzeru nthawi zonse, nthawi zambiri sanamvetse a m'nthawi yake, kwenikweni wosweka wamphamvu. History amakumbukira kwambiri za zitsanzo zimenezi, mmodzi amene ali womenyera ufulu US Internet Aroni Swartz. Anamenyera mwayi ufulu zambiri, anafuna kusiyana m'njira sayansi. Komabe, tsoka anamupatsa nthawi yochuluka ndi zopinga zambiri panjira ...

yonena

Aarona Shvartsa nkhani akuyamba November 8, 1986 ku Chicago. Iye anabadwa ndi kukulira ku banja la anayambitsa kampani kompyuta - Roberta Shvartsa. Popanda iyeyo, banja ndi ana awiri: abale ake Ben ndi Nowa. Koma Aroni kuyambira ndili wamng'ono anachita chidwi chodziwa mu zonse zikhale zatsopano. Kwa zaka zitatu anaphunzira kuwerenga, ndipo kenako katswiri kompyuta ndi dongosolo. Malinga ndi banja lake, kuphunzira nkhani iliyonse, mnyamatayo anali zokwanira kuwerenga mabuku angapo, ndipo iye anali wokonzeka kuti ndiphunzitse maziko awo ongolankhula ena. Sitingathe kunena kuti prodigy wamng'ono anali wodzikuza, koma luso lake laluntha kugunda ndipo anamuika safuna aphunzitsi.

mapangidwe

Inde, zaka 7 za Aroni Swartz ine kale ndithu katundu waukulu kudziwa (makamaka mu sayansi kompyuta), choncho zinali zovuta kuti mwa achinyamata mu maphunziro zonse sukulu. Kwa zaka zingapo pasukulu pawekha boma la Illinois, ku mudzi wa Winnetka. Komabe, sankasangalala ndondomeko maphunziro. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti homuweki ungakhale zinyalala kokha nthawi, zimalepheretsa chinthu chofunika kwambiri. Ndili ndi zaka 14, Shvarts Aroni mwalamulo sukulu ya sekondale ndipo analumphira mu dziko la Internet ndi cyberculture.

Iye analembetsa ku University Stanford, koma patapita chaka adamsiya. Mu chabe miyezi ingapo imene anakhala kumeneko, anapanga kwambiri za kusintha kwa moyo wamakono wa zamagetsi, kuyambira ndi laibulale cataloguer kutsiriza ndi mwayi makina a ophunzira mu chipinda.

Chimodzi mwa zifukwa Aroni anachoka ku yunivesite anali "digito kugawaniza." Iye anali theorist kwambiri ndi ogwira ntchito wodzilamulira maphunziro, choncho ankaona mokondera kuletsa mwayi kwa sayansi kuti alipo mu dziko. Kuti amakankhira achinyamata kulowa apamwamba, kuti tikhale ndi ufulu wochita apilo ku yachokera apadera amagetsi. Aroni Swartz ataona zimenezi zolinga zachuma Choncho, ananyamuka kusintha dongosolo.

akatswiri utakhala

Kusiya Stanford, 16 wazaka mapulogalamu rents nyumba ndipo anayamba ntchito yake - ndi zipata zambiri, wotchedwa Infogami. Ndalama chinaperekedwa Chilimwe oyambitsa Program, amene anapereka ankapitabe likulu olimba Y Combinator.

Kenako, ndi chithandizo cha ndalama chimodzimodzi ndalama Aroni Swartz analenga nsanja Infogami, omwe anakhala maziko malo web.ru ndi Open Library. ntchito iyi wofuna ndithu, kukhazikitsa ayenera Schwartz anali wothandizira, okondedwa. Choncho, mu 2005 anaganiza kuphatikiza Infogami ndi chikhalidwe uthenga malo Reddit. Pa nthawi imeneyo, achinyamata Internet namatetule anatembenuka ndi zaka 19. Iwo chinapatsidwa mphamvu yokhala anatengedwa ndi gulu machitidwe a mapulogalamu akatswiri. Koma ofesi analibe ntchito Schwartz moyo. Iye analemba za izi mwatsatanetsatane blog wake. "Makoma imvi, matebulo imvi ndi imvi phokoso" kwenikweni kum'chotsa openga. Ndiyeno iye anaganiza sitepe molimba mtima.

Reddit Co-anayambitsa Aroni Swartz mosapita m'mbali sanapite kuntchito ndipo anatumiza anzake chithunzi cha T-sheti mawu akuti "zipolopolo» (zipolopolo). Kenako anagulitsa mtengo wake mu yofalitsa Condé Nast, ndi phindu la padera mu chitukuko cha utumiki wina - Watchdog. Polojekiti yatsopanoyi wakhala zapamwamba deta pa ndondomeko US, omwe anasonkhana ku magwero zilipo. Koma masiku ano, malo si ntchito.

activism

Mu 2010, Aroni Swartz anayambitsa Kuuza Bwino gulu ufulu wa anthu. Cholinga cha zinali kumenyana Internet kufufuza, ndi siudzalandilidwa ngathi lamulo la ufulu Internet. Gulu poyera kuti anthu pa intaneti kulimbikitsa Congress ndi atsogoleri andale, anasonkhana opempha, kufunafuna popezera mpata mphamvu ndi popereka mauthenga za kusintha boma. Kuyambira nthawi kuti zandale wa mapulogalamu a.

Kugonjetsa SOPA

Pachimake cha ntchito iyi Schwartz anali ntchito yochotsa SOPA (Imani Online kuberana kwazaluso Act). Mu Congress, panali funso pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa lamulo latsopano pa cybersquatting. Kumene, malo ake kwambiri womangika ufulu Internet owerenga. Pa nkhani imeneyi anthu ali anachita ndithu zikuchepa. Ndipo mathokozo onse khama la Schwartz ndi anzake mu gulu. Anatenga m'misewu, anthu ambiri ndi kufunika kuti ndisiye bilu latsopano. Mndandanda wa Congress amene anakuvoterani "chifukwa", posakhalitsa anagawira ndipo patapita unachita sizabwino andale ndi ntchito. choncho inathera ndi chigonjetso cha Schwartz.

mlandu

Ntchito imeneyi sanali boma US, kotero FBI wakhazikitsa anaziika wa mapulogalamu a. Ndipo mu 2011 anatha akam'kole otsitsira owona mwa University of Massachusetts laibulale maukonde ndi utumiki wapadera wa mabuku sayansi JSTOR. Ndipotu, makhalidwe ake sanali mlandu woopsa. Kuti tidzalowe nkhanizi, wosuta ankafunika kulipira muzimvetsera. Aroni Swartz anapita kudula ngodya ndi maseva kusweka. Kodi ankafuna kuchita ndi mabuku, silidziŵika. Ambiri mwina, anawaika mwayi lotseguka. Koma popeza anali ada mangala ndi mlandu, zipangizo zonse amayenera kubwerera ku gwero pachiyambi. Ngakhale JSTOR analibe chonena kuti mapulogalamu, iye akadali mlandu ndipo anamangidwa. Posachedwapa, iye anali anam'tulutsa pa belo 100 zikwi. Madola.

Koma nkhani imeneyi sanaleke Schwartz, ndipo kenako anayamba ntchito pa utumiki watsopano Akufa Dontho. Zinali pofuna kudziwa njira kwa atolankhani amene mukufuna kutsutsa njira malamulo, koma kukhala anonymous.

Mu September 2012, Aroni Schwartz anamva kuti mlandu iye anali atatseka. Komanso, kuswa kale kutchulidwa anawonjezera pang'ono zinthu zambiri (mwachitsanzo, makalata chinyengo, ndiponso telefoni ndi kuwonongeka kuteteza kompyuta). Tsopano anakumana zaka 35 m'ndende ndi yabwino ya madola miliyoni.

imfa

M'katikati mwa January 2013 zinali kuonedwa bwalo pa nkhani Schwartz. Makolo, abwenzi ndi loya wake sankakayikira kuti iwo akhoza kuwina ndi palibe chilango adzatsatira, monga vuto palokha anachititsa amphamvu ayankhe anthu. Ndipo anthu ambiri otchuka anateteza a Internet womenyera ufulu. Komabe, lingaliro la chiletso zotheka ufulu kuletsedwa Schwartz.

January 11, 2013 anapezeka akufa Brooklyn nyumba yake. Kudzipha ndi namatetule kompyuta (Aroni Swartz anali chikhomedwere pa lamba la jinzi) anakhudzidwa ndi dziko lonse. Ndipo ngakhale blog lakelo, mobwerezabwereza anakhudza ichi, kufuna kusintha dziko ndi ludzu ufulu zambiri ankaoneka wautali ndi wamphamvu. Komabe, kotero anatenga moyo wake Aroni Swartz. Chifukwa cha imfa anadabwa onse amene ankadziwa mwapang'ono. Wapafupi ndithu kunditsutsa boma US mmachitidwe ake wosimidwa. Kuvutitsa gawo lawo, zikuoneka, anali amphamvu kwambiri.

maganizo a m'nthawi

Chaka chotsatira, ndi zopelekedwa amatchedwa "Internet-mnyamata chinajambulidwa pambuyo pa tsokalo. History of Aarona Shvartsa. " Ndi nyenyezi achibale mapulogalamu, amene analankhula poyera za Internet namatetule, ndipo zifukwa imfa yake. Malinga ndi maganizo ofanana, Shvarts Aroni anali munthu wa dongosolo US ndale, omwe ntchito monga chitsanzo ndi kunena ulamuliro wake. Ndipotu kanthu popanda chilolezo, sanapalamule. Otsitsira zikalata kuchokera JSTOR, ndi mapulogalamu sadzakhala kuvutitsa aliyense, ndipo osati unayamba phindu zakuthupi. Koma boma la US, choncho zikuoneka kuti kusewera mu manja, kuti kulimbikitsa ulamuliro wake mu mlengalenga Internet.

Mwamwayi atamwalira Schwartz, anthu ambiri kuti iye akanakhoza kutenga chifukwa zochita zake ndi miyezi 6 malo achilango. Koma kuthamanga maganizo kwambiri, FBI anaziika ndi chiletso cha ufulu mapulogalamu achinyamata chinali chapadera.

Yopweteka chopereka Institute Massachusetts wa Administration (MIT), zimene zinaonetseratu kuti amakana kuti nkhani Schwartz. Mwina inunso opanikizika kuboma.

Mufilimuyi "Ana a intaneti. History of Aarona Shvartsa "(dzina lina) anali ndisanabadwe phwandolo ku Canada ndi USA (Austin, TX) ndipo analandira aziona zabwino omvera.

zikayenda

Nditakwanitsa zaka 13, Aroni anapambana mpikisano wa achinyamata mapulogalamu ArsDigita Prize kwa chilengedwe cha sanali phindu masamba maphunziro intaneti. Monga mphoto, analandira ufulu kupita ku Institute Massachusetts of Technology (a MIT), kumene anakumana ndi atsogoleri otchuka Internet, makamaka, ndi Tim Berners-Lee (adayambitsa World Lonse Web) ndi Lawrence Lessing (Professor, University Harvard). Kenako anathandizana ndi iwo, kutenga mbali mu chitukuko cha mapulogalamu ndi mfundo maganizo.

moyo

Pa moyo wa Schwartz amadziwika pang'ono. Malinga ndi Baibulo boma koyamba kwambiri chizolowezi mtolankhani Quinn Norton (Wrided Journal). Iwo anakumana pamene iye anali wokwatira. Pakati pa iwo nthawi yomweyo anakhazikitsa paubwenzi. ukwati wake anali wolephera, kotero posachedwa atakomana Aroni Quinn anagwidwa naye, pamodzi ndi mwana wake wamkazi. Chifukwa kupatukana osadziwika, koma mapulogalamu achinyamata ndi mtolankhani ku mapeto yosungira ubwenzi ofunda.

The chachiwiri kwambiri ubwenzi Aroni Schwartz anayamba ndi Taren Staynbrikner-Kauffman, mkulu wa Uwerenge Ife magalimoto Internet. Anakumana ndi miyezi pang'ono tsokalo.

mfundo zosangalatsa

• Mu zaka 13, Aroni Swartz anali membala wa gulu ntchito polenga RSS uthenga chakudya. Pamene anzake anaphunzira msinkhu wake weniweni, iwo anadabwa kwambiri, ndipo nthawi yomweyo anakonza zoti tidzakumane ndi wanzeru wamng'ono.
• Chibwenzi ndi mtsikana Taren Shvarts anatenga ndithu kwambiri ndi kwambiri, moti kwa miyezi ingapo pamaso pa mayesero ndi matsoka omwe iye akufuna kuti iye. Anali kulakalaka wodzichepetsa ndipo mwadzidzidzi ukwati kupewa maganizo zosafunika ndi phokoso. Komabe, mtsikana anakana, kutchula mayesero m'tsogolo.
• Aroni anali wodzichepetsa kwambiri ndi munthu mwachinsinsi. Wina mnzake Uikler anamuitana kuti chakudya banja. Koma Schwartz sanali kusokoneza makamu, iye anati, akudwala anam'peza matenda a m'matumbo, choncho chimatsatira menyu wapadera. Chifukwa, achinyamata Internet namatetule anali kudya mkate.
• Mu Internet womenyera ufulu Aroni Swartz ali Dzina - ndi wosewera, wodziwika chifukwa TV wakuti "Miseche Bakuman" ndi "Ancient".
• masabata awiri atafa Schwartz Anthu Intaneti kayendedwe "Zidakhwa" anadula utumiki wapadera wa Commission US pa Kukwanilitsa ziganizo, anatenga ulamuliro pa iye, ndipo pa tsamba kunyumba anapachika uthenga akuluakulu US "anawoloka mzere" ndi kuopseza kufalitsa mauthenga wachinsinsi . Zinali ngati kubwezera Intaneti namatetule ndi womenyera ufulu.
• Pambuyo ngozi oopsa Nyumba anthu angapo a Congress akufuna kusinthidwa kwa milandu lamulo.

PS

Masiku ano, moyo ndi imfa Aarona Shvartsa - anapereka chitsanzo chabwino cha ufulu womenya ku okwana Intaneti polojekiti ndi espionage pa mbali ya boma. Kuyambira ndili mwana, pakuti adapita njira yake chitukuko, adamfunsa malamulo ndale komanso ndi malamulo, choncho kupanga maganizo wapadera ndipo anayesa kuwalowetsa zenizeni. Koma Schwartz sanali pomwepo anazindikira a m'nthawi yake, ndi mphamvu zandale ntchito iye monga chitsanzo cha nkhondo amphamvu ndi hackers ndi chinyengo. Ngakhale nkhani yake ndi JSTOR osati kunawononga chuma. Aroni Swartz ankafuna kusintha dziko, ndipo china zotheka. activism wake anagwira kosangalatsa kwambiri chikumbumtima anthu.