Brazil wamanga Oscar Niemeyer: yonena, ntchito. Museum ndi Cultural Centre Oscar Niemeyer

Oscar Niemeyer anabadwa mu Rio de Janeiro, December 15, 1907 Zimenezi zinachitika pa msewu, dzina lake patapita kanthawi dzina la agogo ake Ribeyru Di Almeida. munthu uyu anali mtumiki wa ku Brazil Federal Supreme Court.

mnyamata wamanga

Monga anakumbukira Oscar, iye ankakhala moyo bohemia unyamata wake. Tsogolo wamanga Oscar Niemeyer anakwatira monga nditangomaliza sukulu. Poyamba ankagwira ntchito mu nyumba yosindikizira mabuku, ndipo kenako, mu 1930, anayamba maphunziro ake pa Sukulu ya National of Wabwino Tirhana ili Rio de Janeiro. Oscar anasankha mphamvu ya zomangamanga. Patapita zaka 4, Niemeyer maphunziro. Iye anapita kukagwira ntchito mu kapangidwe situdiyo ya Lusio Kosty, mphunzitsi wake wakale. Lucio ndi woyambitsa wa zomangamanga ku Brazil kalembedwe Art Nouveau.

Mgwirizano ndi Charles de Corbusier

Choyamba Oscar ntchito kwaulere. Mu situdiyo, anakumana ndi munthu amene zinakhudza kwambiri ntchito yake. Ndipafupifupi Charles Le Korbyuze, ndi French wamanga. Iye anali mlangizi wa ojambula zithunzi wina amene anagwira ntchito ya nyumba ya unduna wa zaumoyo ndi Education mu Rio de Janeiro. Munthu uyu kamodzi anati Oscar talente. Iye anamuuza kuti ntchito yanu moyenera.

Niemeyer, chifukwa ntchito imeneyi, kupatsidwa katswiri wa zomangamanga, Musawope zatsopano. Zinatheka kwakukuru zingapo akalumikidzidwa zosayembekezereka kwambiri ndi mizere ndi ntchito ya mbali ndi zipangizo zomwe anapanga. Kenako zinthu zonsezi kukhala chizindikiro cha Niemeyer ntchito kuti idzaonetsedwa pafupifupi aliyense wa ntchito 600 imene iwo m'mayiko osiyanasiyana.

Pavilion Brazil ndi zovuta Pampulha

Dzina la katswiri wa zomangamanga mu 1939, anali kale kunja kwa dzikoli. Niemeyer, pamodzi ndi Lusio Kostoy, ndi Pavilion Brazil udaikidwa, anapereka ku New York pa chionetsero World. Mu 1940s m'mawa wamanga analandira lalikulu kuti latsopano. Juscelino Kubitschek, amene anadzakhala pulezidenti wa dziko, ndipo pamene Pilato wakale wa mzinda waukulu wa Belo Horizonte (Brazil), anamulangiza kuti amange kuipidwa nyumba pa gombe la nyanja. Pampulha. Pankayenera kukhala yatchi club ndi kalabu tennis, mpingo, kuvina holo ndi kowonera zakale. Nditamaliza polojekiti Pampulha anakhala pafupi kukopa chofunika kwambiri dziko. Nthawi yomweyo linatchedwa Brazil mwala mapulani.

nyumba UN mu ntchito zovuta

Oscar Niemeyer wakhala weniweni otchuka. Mu 1947 iye anali m'gulu la a amisiri amene ankagwira ntchito pa nyumbayi cha zovuta UN ku New York. Niemeyer anali wamng'ono pakati pawo. Iye anatsogolera gulu la American wamanga Uolles asilikali. Olemba anafuna kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito yawo inali ya wophiphiritsa, tanthauzo aumunthu. Niemeyer cholinga mfundo za "msonkhano wa dziko". Iye ankakonda anzake ovomerezeka ntchitoyo, koma pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana kugwiritsa izo ndipo sadathe.

Cottage Canoas

Mu wamanga-experimenter anali kwambiri maganizo. Makamaka, dziko yoipa kwa komabe ake zachilendo wina chilengedwe - kupereka Canoas. Iye anamanga mu mzinda wa Rio de Janeiro mu 1953. Lero mumzinda wa chigawo yapamwamba ya São Conrado. Malinga ndi akatswiri, ntchito yomanga njira imeneyi munda adakali mwatsopano, koma izo zakhala ziri zaka zoposa 50. nyumba kwenikweni anamanga ku zachilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, Chimwala chachikulu, chimene chiri pomanga anatsala kumene anagona, mwina zaka. The wamanga anaganiza ankamanga mpanda wa nyumba basi pamwamba pa izo. Chotsatira chake chinali chakuti mbali yaikulu ya mwala ndi kuchoka panyumba, ndipo gawo lina - mkati. Izi zimamupatsa zamkati mosamala nyumba m'maganizo wosangalatsa.

Komabe, ntchito imeneyi kunali overture moyo bizinesi ya mmisiri wamkulu, amene anakhala mzinda wa Brasília, likulu latsopano la boma.

Kulengedwa likulu Brazil

M'nthawi ya 19 panali lingaliro kusamutsa likulu Brazil, amene analipo pa nthawi imeneyo Rio de Janeiro. Ndiye lingaliro ankanena kuti Rio ili pa Atlantic gombe, mu mwambo nkhondo poyera kuti chiopsezo chachikulu kuposa mzinda ili hinterland lapansi. Komabe, akukhulupirira kuti chifukwa chachikulu kulanda likulu Brazil - kuti akhale likulu la dziko, kulibe anthu ambiri pa nthawiyo.

Mu 1957, ntchito imeneyi ndi udindo ndi olemekezeka a Juscelino Kubitschek, tsopano pulezidenti wa Brazil analangiza kuthetsa Oscar Niemeyer ndi Lucio Costa. Yotsirizira wa dongosolo ambiri chitukuko cha mzindawo, ndi Oscar - kusodza zambiri za maofesi zogona ndi nyumba. Malinga ndi akatswiri, ntchito ya mapulani amenewa anakhala wotchuka mapulani a m'tawuni kuyesa kwa nthawi. Pafupifupi kuchokera zikande mu zaka 3 kuchuluka mzinda, umene mwamsanga chimodzi mwa zinthu zochititsa chidwi midzi dziko. Kufikira tsopano, apo si wofanana ndi pansi. Deti la kutsegula nduna - April 21, 1960

Nyumba zikuluzikulu likulu Brazil

Poyamba, mzinda anawapanga kukhala mmenemo 800 zikwi. M'dzikoli, koma tsopano kuli Mboni zoposa miliyoni 2.1. Monga Brazil kunena likulu lawo akufanana ndege mawonekedwe. Ngati inu kukwera pa TV nsanja, yomwe ili pakati pa mzinda, mudzaona "zouluka ngalawa", chomwe ndi msewu sikunachitekepo kale, mabwalo, m'mapaki ndi nyumba. Pakati - m'dera triangular wa Mphamvu zitatu. Mu ngodya lili 3 nyumba: Palace ya Pulezidenti, Supreme Court ndi Congress National. Izi "kanyumba la ndegeyo." "Mapiko" izo - malo omwe anthu amakhalako, ndipo amatchedwa - "kum'mwera" ndi "kumpoto" phiko. Yotsala ya likulu ndi bwino kuti pali kusiyana mu gawo la - nchito malonda, hotelo, ndi akazembe, woyendera nthambi zosangalatsa.

Iwo akuzandima kwenikweni iliyonse nyumba, yokonzedwa ndi Oscar Niemeyer. zowoneka izi Timasangalalanso ndi akalumikidzidwa zosayembekezereka, mizere molimba mtima, zachilendo contours. Mwachitsanzo, pa phazi la nsanja amapasa a Congress National, omwe ali apansi 28, yaikulu akutambasula nsanja. Zikuyenera 2 mbale yaikulu - housings Nyumba ya oimira ndi Senate (onani chithunzi pamwambapa). Woyamba makapu awa ndi kukalowa ndi mzikiti, ndipo akuwatsimikizira ena choloza ku mlengalenga.

National Theatre, mwa mawonekedwe a piramidi, komanso chidwi ndi m'maganizo ake. Mbali yaikulu ya nyumbayi ndi mobisa. Ogwira ndi tchalitchi ndi yaikulu galasi phirilo ake. Nyumba iyi (onani chithunzi nizhee) anamuzungulira ndi mizati woyera, wakuthwa ngati pensulo. Sizipumula pansi, kenako, kubwereza mawonekedwe a mpingo, kusiya mivi yake kumwamba.

Kumanga tchalitchi ali ngati chombo cha alendo tidakocheza mwangozi, osati mpingo m'njira chikhalidwe. Suli kutali ndi izo pali china chodabwitsa zomangamanga - milimo ya Palace ya Itamaraty, amene yotchuka kudziwika monga Palace ya arches. Adzaupereka kwa a Unduna Woona za okhonda. Nyumba imeneyi anapangidwa ndi mizati kuti apange zomera ndi arches mkulu konkire ndi mipata lonse. mwatsatanetsatane zosayembekezereka kwambiri kwa bungwe chofunika kwambiri ndi dziwe lalikulu lozungulira Itamaraty Palace kumbali zonse. Zosangalatsa masewera nsomba.

Ife kufotokoza yekha nyumba zazikulu, amene analengedwa mu likulu la Brazil Oscar Niemeyer. Ntchito zosiyanasiyana ake ndi ambiri. Pamodzi tisiyanitse mapiramidi, domes, chikho anamaliza chinapululutsa mizati, m'mapaki ndi mabwalo, ndi okhwima zojambula akalumikidzidwa, logic ndi danga m'misewu amamangirira malamulo akuti ndi kuwala. More zodabwitsa ndi malo a ntchito pulezidenti Brazil - yachifumu "Planalto" (onani chithunzi m'munsimu).

Mlembi wake ndi Oscar Niemeyer. Mamangidwe a nyumba iyi ndi chidwi kwambiri. Omangawo ka mbewu anayi sizimawoneka ngati yachifumu. Only mlonda limasonyeza kuti zochita kumene ndale zimene zimakhudza tsogolo la mayiko waukulu mu Latin America.

A zambiri nyumba onse anapangidwa ndi Nimeyer Oskar. Boma Mwachitsanzo, analandira Palace mu 1960. Komabe, ngakhale ntchito ngati mkulu boma, wazomangamanga anali akadali kusiya dziko lakwawo. Tiuzeni mmene zinacitikila.

Niemeyer moyo mu ukapolo

Mu 1945, Oscar limodzi ndi Party Communist la Brazil, ndipo anakhalabe wokhulupirika ku malingaliro ake mpaka imfa yake. The wamanga cholinga mzinda watsopano, koma anavutika choona kuti sangakwanitse kuthetsa shacks ndi nyumba zauve. Maganizo Niemeyer konse kubisika. Chifukwa cha iwo, iye sakanakhoza kukhala mu Brazil pambuyo pa 1960 ndi kulanda boma asilikali. Oscar anali kusamuka ku Europe. Anakakhala ku Paris. Izi amakakamizidwa kunyamuka wamanga amatchedwa "wosavomerezedwa athamangitsidwe". Niemeyer sadayendeyende padziko, kukaona mwa mayiko ena, ndi la Soviet Union, komwe adapeza admirers ambiri ndi anthu. Iye anakhala ngwazi patsogolo chikhalidwe ndi mtendere pa dziko lapansi. Chifukwa iye anali kupereka mphoto "kwa kulimbikitsa mtendere pakati pa anthu" (mayiko Lenin Prize).

Monga kale, wamanga ankagwira ntchito mwakhama. Zikuoneka kuti malo a ntchito wake alidi chosefukira: Italy, Germany, France, Lebanon, Congo, Ghana, United States, Algeria ndi m'mayiko ena ambiri. Yotchuka kwambiri ntchito panthawi imeneyi anali Komiti chapakati cha Party Communist la France, yomwe ili mu Paris, komanso "Mondadori" mu Milan.

Tikaonanso Brazil, Kubitschek Chikumbutso J.

Only mu 1980s oyambirira Oskar Nimeyer anabwerera ku Brazil. Iye anayamba kugwira loto lake - zomangidwazo chikumbutso okumbukira "Bambo" likulu la Brazil cha Juscelino Kubitschek. Chikumbutso, maphunziro amene akutikumbutsa za nyundo ndi chikwakwa, wazunguliridwa ndi greenery. Iwo lili TV nsanja. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa chidwi chachikulu likulu Brazil.

Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake, imfa ya katswiri wa zomangamanga

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, moyo wa Oscar Niemeyer ntchito ku situdiyo wake, yomwe ili mu Rio de Janeiro, pa padoko la Copacabana. Mwa ntchito zake posachedwapa monga kukhazikitsanso ndi "Sambadrome". Njira imeneyi ndi mayimidwe inamangidwa mu 1984. Pa zikondwerero unachitikira kuno sukulu mpikisano samba. Only ndi 2012 Njira anapatsidwa malinga ndi asilikali Niemeyer.

The kwambiri Brazil wamanga Oscar Niemeyer anafa pa December 6, 2012 ku chipatala Rio de Janeiro, komwe woyesedwa kwa mwezi umodzi. Oscar sanakhale moyo mpaka kubadwa 105th wa masiku 10 okha. mwana wake yekha, Anna Maria Niemeyer, anamwalira ali ndi zaka 82 mu June 2012

Cultural Centre Oscar Niemeyer

chinthu ili mu Spanish ndi Aviles ndi chimphona owonetsera zakale ndi chionetsero zovuta. M'zipinda konsati ndi pakati chionetsero makamu zosiyanasiyana zochitika chikhalidwe - zisudzo ndipo akatswiri a zojambulajambula, zisudzo kuvina ndi chuma zisudzo, nyimbo, screenings film, nkhani maphunziro ndi misonkhano.

chinthu ichi ndi chidwi ndi pamaso mapulani. Iye ali ngati pa bwalo lamasewero kuposa kowonera zakale zovuta. The Center imakhala nyumba zisanu, omwe amakhala ndi pamakoma yowala mtundu ndi akalumikidzidwa zapamwamba. Cultural Centre ili Aviles, - ndi mtundu okha ntchito yomanga Oscar Niemeyer. ganizo limeneli sanali osankhidwa ndi mwayi - nyumbayi amayenera kukhala ngati mankhwala kwa maganizo kwa anthu a m'tauni yaing'ono mafakitale. Kwa nthawi yaitali kuti Aviles kutengedwa monga "yonyansa konyansa" wa kumpoto kwa Spain. Nthawi zambiri amagwirizana ndi anthu a chimneys kusuta za dziko ili steelworks pano. Pa nthawi yomweyo malo chionetsero Oscar anapereka mzinda moyo watsopano. Ntchito yomanga inayamba mu 2008 ndipo anamaliza mu 2011 mbali zisanu pakati - ndi multiplex, zi- nsanja, muholo ndi apakati.

Oscar Niemeyer Museum

Curitiba (Brazil) - mzinda umene kudziŵika kokha ngati mzinda womaliza Brazil. N'kumene wotchuka Museum Niemeyer. Iwo ali odzipereka kwa zomangamanga ano, luso zithunzi, kapangidwe ndi kanema luso. nyumbayi inatha mu 2002. Poyamba chinthu ichi ankatchedwa "New Museum" koma anapatsidwa dzina Oscar Niemeyer kale mu 2003

Nyumba iyi umatchedwanso "onse kuwona diso" kapena "Museum cha maso" chifukwa cha kamangidwe kake pachiyambi. Mu mawonekedwe izo akufanana ndi diso lalikulu likugwera mu mlengalenga. Today chizindikiro ichi cha Curitiba ndi Museum of Modern Art. Oscar Niemeyer anayamba ntchito pa polojekiti 1967. Kenako anamanga nyumba konkire mu kalembedwe chimakono kuti bungwe maphunziro apamwamba. Kenako mu 2001, anabwerera ntchitoyi ndi kusintha izo. Choncho panali kutambasuka yaikulu ya mauna zitsulo, woyera konkire ndi mbale galasi linkadziwika Oscar Niemeyer Museum. "Maso" ali pa pedestal pakati ndi dziwe lakelake.

dzina lake litakhazi- alembedwa mbiri ya zomangamanga, chabwino wamanga Oscar Niemeyer. ntchito yake amadziwika pa dziko lonse lapansi. Iwo sitileka kudabwa ndi kusangalatsa m'nthawi yathu.