Hypersonic "Mutu 4202" ndipo mayeso ake

"Chinthu 4202" - chizindikiro cha watsopano Russian ntchito m'munda wa asilikali ano hypersonic magalimoto ndege (LA). Malinga ndi odalirika malo mayiko mawunikidwe, kukhazikitsa bwino mwina n'chongoletsa ubwino m'munda wa zida njira, imene US akufuna kuti pa Russia chifukwa cha kutumizgika dongosolo chida chitetezo padziko lonse.

Monga wachinsinsi ndi ndege ndege liwiro

LA mu makhalidwe ake liwiro anawagawa subsonic, supersonic ndi hypersonic. Pankhaniyi, liwiro kuthawa zawo zambiri zimaonekera monga zedi dimensionless, angapo T. Otchedwa. Mach nambala, yotchedwa pambuyo Austria sayansi Ernsta Maha ndipo amaimira ndi kalata M. Latin Mach nambala dimensionless ndi chosavuta akhoza amatanthauziridwa kuti chiŵerengero cha ndege mathamangidwe kuti liwiro la phokoso mu mlengalenga pa okwera anapatsidwa. Choncho, liwiro la ndege mu 1 M (kapena M = 1) zitanthauzanso kuti limayenda ndi liwiro phokoso. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti msinkhu wa mathamangidwe phokoso amachepetsa, kotero kufunika 1 M pa misanje osiyana zizigwirizana ndi mfundo zosiyana, m'kukoma km / h. Choncho, phindu nthaka liwiro limafanana M 1 1 224 Km / h ndi pa okwera 11 Km - 1.062 Km / h.

Supersonic ndege mathamangidwe mwina upambana kufunika 5 M (kapena M = 5), ndipo hypersonic ntchentche imathamanga pamwamba chabe 5 M. Komabe, iwo akhoza akamagwiritsa ntchito akuwuka pa ndege mumlengalenga kuuluka bwino potsatira njira mphamvu, ndi dongosolo mtunda, yokulirapo kuposa imathamanga dogiperzvukovyh.

Thupi kudzipatula m'munsi hypersonic ndege

Border M 5 pakati pa ndege supersonic ndi hypersonic sadasankhidwe mwangozi. chakuti pamene akuyesetsa liwiro izi zimasintha kwambiri khalidwe la njira kuuluka bwino potsatira njira ndi zazikulu ankalemekeza pafupi thupi ndege mkati injini zake ndege. Choyamba, wosanjikiza malire a mpweya loyenda kuzungulira ndegeyo, pa liwiro la 5 M kutenthetsa digiri zikwi zingapo kutentha (makamaka gawo mazunzo la ndegeyo), ndi kuyamba apasuke mu ayoni (dissociated) mpweya mamolekyulu m'gulu mlengalenga. Physico-mankhwala katundu izi mpweya ionized kusiyana kwambiri anthu a mpweya wabwinobwino, amamuchititsa kulowa mankhwala anachita ndi pamwamba pa ndege, pali kwambiri cheza ndi convection kutentha kutengerapo pakati ndi loyenda padziko otaya lapansi. Choncho, LA zotchinga kutentha ayenera kukhala palibe choipa kwambiri kuposa American "Space Olumikiza" kapena Soviet "Buran".

Komanso, hypersonic ndege injini ndege amafunikira kapangidwe wapadera kwambiri kuti sizimawoneka ngati aliyense mtundu wa kudziwika. chakuti mu injini ena ndege supersonic ndege mathamangidwe otaya mpweya wambiri wa mumlengalenga pa mapangidwe osakaniza mpweya mafuta ndi amatipeza kusanduka subsonic (singatheke popanda kugwira mpweya lowetsani mtengo wolakalakika wa mafuta). The ndege hypersonic ndi kuchepetsa mlingo mpweya otaya ndi zosavomerezeka - chimadzera m'chilamulo mphamvu kutembenuka ndi chifukwa kutenthedwa wa zinthu injini mamangidwe omwe sangathe kulimbana ndi chuma china chilichonse chimene anthu.

kapangidwe

Engine hypersonic ndege (mu chimake losavuta) ofanana mumabokosiwo awiri linanena, mmodzi amene akutumikira monga polowera mpweya (gawo yopapatiza ngati kompresa, pamodzi ndi injector ya mafuta ndipo amakhala chipinda kuyaka), ndi nyuzi chachiwiri - ndi nozzle chifukwa kuchoka mpweya yopsereza, kulenga chilakolako. injini Izi akhoza adzaikidwa chabe pansi pa fuselage a ndege, amene amalenga fano zina magalimoto hypersonic.

Komabe, mota sungathe kugwira ntchito pa liwiro zosakwana 5-6 M, monga mtsinje wothinikizidwa limangolembedwa kutenthetsa kutentha koyenera kuti kuyaka wathunthu. Choncho, njira zimathandizadi kwambiri kumwazikana hypersonic ndege kuti liwiro Napempha kwa injini chiyambi (osachepera pa siteji pano) ndi ntchito accelerator-mbali roketi monga gawo loyamba, nthawi zina osakaniza ndi accelerator ndege. Mu chithunzi pansipa hypersonic ndege American X-52, kuliika pa phiko njira yoponya mabomba B-52.

State wa luso hypersonic ndege ku US

The US kale anayamba kukhala mitundu yatsopano ya zida zolawula. Choyamba, ndege imeneyi hypersonic. Choncho, monga mbali ya DARPA Chimphamba Project Project anayamba roketi glider anasankha HTV-2, komanso ntchito galimoto hypersonic bungweli Boeing (X-43, X-51) okonzeka ndi injini ndi ramjet ngati munthu chithunzi pamwambapa. Iwo amatha kunyamula zokwana masekeli mpaka makilogalamu 450, zimenezi zokwana onse nyukiliya ndi mabomba buku kuphulika zogundana mphamvu zingawononge kutetezedwa kp mdani.

Boeing X-51 ntchito adzakhala wokhoza imathamanga mpaka 6400 Km / h. Kwa nthawi yoyamba wagawo izi wakwezedwa mu mlengalenga mu May 2010. Panali awiri zinalephereka chiyambi inatha chiwonongeko cha glider lapansi. Pambuyo kulekana ndi chipangizo ndege chonyamulira Iyamba chilimbikitso zina, anapanga pamaziko nkhondo asilikali ndi mwatsatanetsatane. Only akafike liwiro 5400 Km / h anazimitsa kusafuna galimoto ya ndege, amene Iyamba ndi mathamangidwe wovuta.

Kodi ife tataya Soviet zikuchitika hypersonic

Kumene, Russia anali pokana kuopseza izi. Today yoyenera chitukuko Soviet anabweretsa maganizo. Mu 80s Mu zaka zapitazo takhala zikuchitika patsogolo m'dera lino ndipo ngakhale chotsirizidwa - Roketi ndege X-90 ntchito "Gala". Malinga ndi akatswiri, ndi X-90 bwinobwino anapezerapo ku m'ndege mwapadera kusinthidwa kwa cholinga ichi, ndipo inapita patsogolo kwa 5400 Km / h, ndilo hypersonic malire. Koma ndiye kunabwera "wodalitsika olekerera 90", ndipo ntchito isachitike.

Yankho Russia kuti "Washington"

Posachedwapa, wotchuka British asilikali pakati kafukufuku Janes Information Gulu m'mabuku kuti February chaka chatha ku Russia pa Intaneti "Dombarovsky" (Orenburg dera.) Imachitika mayesero ndege la ndege hypersonic pansi pa chizindikiro U-71 (Yu 71). Chinthu 4202, zomwe, malingana ndi malo omwewo, ndi chizindikiro zowombetsa mkota wa zonse Russian chitukuko hypersonic ndi mbali ya pulogalamu chida.

Koma malangizo ake lolembedwa makampani si Dipatimenti nkhondo, ndi Federal Space Agency, yomwe pansi tikukumana ndi osapitirira "phimba" ntchito. Mutu OCD chomwecho yoimba pa "chinthu 4202" ndi "NPO Engineering" ku Moscow Reutova (poyamba roketi KB mlengi ambiri Vladimir Chelomeya, umene unali waukulu mapulogalamu sitima mivi ndi sing'anga osiyanasiyana ballistic mabomba mu USSR).

Mwa njira, malo a kampani ino lili ndi mfundo zimene cha m'ma 50 ntchentche za m'ma lomaliza KB analengedwa LA MP-1, wokhoza akamagwiritsa mu mlengalenga mothandizidwa ndi pamalo kuuluka bwino potsatira njira kulamulira ndi imathamanga hypersonic. Wopambana kukhazikitsidwa kwa izo zinachitikadi mu 1961! Choncho mutu wa "chinthu 4202" kale.

Ziyembekezo ndi Russian "hypersonic"

Kuyambira angapo magwero amadziwika kuti kuyambira chiyambi cha 2000s, ndi Russia wayamba ntchito pa "hypersonic nkhondo" ndi ati U-71 kuyika mankhwala kuti kudzakhala ballistic chida "Sarmat". The watsopano Russian supersonic chinthu 4202 akhoza imathandizira kuti liwiro la 11,000 Km / h ndipo akhoza kukwaniritsa ochiritsira kapena nyukiliya warhead. Pamene zida mwina akamagwiritsa velocities ndi zazikulu kwambiri, pamene mlengalenga pa okwera 40 50 Km. Choncho, sangathe intercepted mwa machitidwe aliyense atsopano chida chitetezo.

Ngakhale zokwana yamakono ya intercontinental mivi ballistic ndi kufikira imathamanga hypersonic mu ndege, koma njira yodutsamo ya zokolola mawerengedwe, motero kuthekera maofesi a chitetezo kudutsana chida. mankhwala ndi chimodzimodzi U-71 (chinthu 4202) amatha, mosiyana, mchitidwe zovuta pa njira sizimadziwika, kusintha zimene ndi kutalika moti zosatheka kukakumana.

Pankhaniyi, pali chifukwa choganizira kuti choyamba mayeso chinthu 4202 zapita mu 2004. Pamenepo kazembe wamkulu wa General ndodo ya Russian onyamula Mphamvu Yuri Baluyevsky lipoti ku msonkhano wa atolankhani pa hypersonic mayeso ndege kuyendetsa pa njira ndi okwera.

"Chinthu 4202": kugombe la America mu hypersonic ndi

Makina American wakhala anachita mayeso Russian wa glider hypersonic. manyuzipepala ambiri poyera ikunenedwa chakuti njira US a mwamsanga Global Menyani tsopano ali pampikisano kwambiri. Ngati polojekiti "Katundu 4202" opareshoni adzakhala bwinobwino mu zaka 10 Russia udzapeza lalikulu "lipenga khadi" mu zokambirana ndi US. mfundo ndi yakuti pamaso pa ndege hypersonic adzakhala kungakupatseni kugunda chandamale mu United States chida chimodzi chokha. Mwachitsanzo, yemweyo "SARMAT", umene kuikidwa ndege, kulengedwa ndi "chinthu 4202". Hypersound mu ndege liwiro akuyendetsa mphamvu kuphatikiza mtundu watsopano wa ndege - izi ndi makhalidwe a zida zatsopano, zomwe zingapangitse tanthauzo m'patali yopanda phindu kumanga US machitidwe chitetezo chida.