HPP Zhigulevskaya: mbiri, zithunzi

Zhiguli hydropower mbewu wakhala maloto a boma la Soviet pa m'bandakucha kwambiri a dziko. Zolinga anayamba mu 30s, ndipo zikuluzikulu yomanga pati mbiri nthawi pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. History Zhiguli hydropower mbewu - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa masamba a mafakitale ya Soviet Union ndi Russia a chitetezo mphamvu.

Kuchokera lingaliro chiyambi

Ganizo kumanga Zhiguli hydropower chomera mu 1910 lapelekedwa kwa tsarist boma injiniya Samara G. M. Krzhizhanovsky. Kukhazikitsa izo zinachitika pambuyo zisinthe, pamene ovomerezedwa ndi dongosolo electrification, amene anali kuyamba ndi injiniya lomwelo, koma kale mu udindo wa wapampando wa ntchito electrification.

Mu 30 oyambirira m'deralo, yomwe ili pafupi ndi mudzi wa mauta Red, anayamba ntchito kafukufuku pa zomwe angathe mphamvu ya Volga. Zotsatira zake zinali maganizo kumanga Kuibyshev opangira magetsi siteshoni, kumene kunali kotheka akonzekeretse mfundo zitatu kuyamba ntchito. Poyamba panali kumanga malo pafupi ndi mudzi wa Red mauta. Pofuna kuonetsetsa zikuluzikulu ntchito Zhiguli hydropower mbewu inamangidwa likulu. Koma kale mu 1940 malo mayikidwe akufuna siteshoni chowululidwa miyala ya mafuta, ndi kumanga anali mazira.

nkhondo itatha,

Mu nthawi unawonongedwa kuti zinachitikadi zina zinthu zimene anayambitsa "Hydroproject" magulu. malo abwino anapezeka pafupi ndi tauni ya Zhigulyovsk. ч . Malinga ndi polojekiti, wobvomerezedwayo mwa 1949, mphamvu opangira magetsi Zhigulyovskaya chinaikidwa pa mlingo wa kVt⋅ maola miliyoni 2.1.

Yomanga inayamba mu 1950 ndipo pomwepo unayamba mwaunyinji. Kuti akhazikitse 50 yomanga ndi unsembe mabizinezi ankagwira kufotokoza pafupifupi mabungwe onse a dziko. Mu za mabungwe ndi bureaus kamangidwe, zida okwanira ndi zigawo nawo mafakitale oposa 1,300 angagwiritse malo ndi malo 130 anali nawo. Chief ntchito yomanga nyumbayo anaikidwa I. V. Komzin, analandira kwa Kukonza ndi kukhazikitsa ntchito zikuluzikulu mutu wa Hero wa Socialist Labor.

magawo a zomangamanga

HPP Zhiguli - yaikulu pambuyo nkhondo malo amene anachititsa kuti anthu yolimbikitsa ya chuma lotereli wambirimbiri anthu oti tili nazo. Nkhani ndi anthu ogwira linathera wokongola lolimba - ambiri omangawo anali akaidi zili awo anakhazikitsa Kuneevsky ITL, Glavgidrostroyu Kumvetsela ku Unduna wa Mkati mwa USSR.

Kutaya thanthwe pa gombe lamanja la Volga kumangira damu la linayamba yozizira 1950. Tsiku lanuli inayake ya zomangamanga akuti ndi February 18, 1951, pamene inachotsedwa pansi loyamba tsogolo la m'dera dzenje. HPP kumanga malo Zhigulevskaya anali kwakukulu kwambiri. Pofuna kukhazikitsa ndi imathandizira pa mayendedwe a ntchito pamalowa anakoka zabwino zonse pa njira mphindi.

Mu July 1951 anayamba kumanga pachipata m'munsi ndi mphamvu konkire zomera kumanzere gombe la mtsinje. M'chaka cha 1952 ndinayamba pomanga spillway mlatho makilomita asanu ndi atatu m'litali, ndi m'chilimwe ndi nthawi yomanga opangira magetsi zipata chapamwamba kwa kutumiza. Mu December chaka chomwecho anasankhidwa mu zovuta kuchipatala.

inapita mayendedwe

HPP Zhigulevskaya anamanga mofulumira mayendedwe, nthawi zina kwa maola ntchito woyenera mpaka mamita 20 zikwi kiyubiki konkire, chimene chinali mbiri ngakhale ndi mfundo lonse. Mu December 1952, ntchito inayambika concreting pansi pachipata m'munsi, miyezi iwiri utadzaza zachikhalidwe cha omangawo - anaikidwa mu kudzozedwa club mafuta m'mudzi wa Sunny dambo.

Mu April 1953 iye anayamba Atavutika mwala ndi macadam zomera, mankhwala amene ku 30 July wakhala ntchito yomanga opangira magetsi siteshoni mphamvu yomanga. Maziko lonse mbale Zhiguli hydropower mbewu linamalizidwa mu July 1954. Mbiri ya nyumba anabwera mfundo yofunika kwambiri - chilengedwe cha damu la. chiyambi chidapatsidwa mwa August 15, 1955, anayamba alipo ya kumanzere mtsinje wa Volga, ndi damu zadothi anali watenganso kwa miyezi 2. Mu October, madzi mtsinje anayambika kudzenje.

Toyalana ndi banki lamanja la mtsinje linamalizidwa mu nthawi umboni, akatswiri anatenga maola oposa 19 ntchito zovuta. M'sabata ziwiri, tinali ntchito pothetsa zopindika kakang'ono mu thupi la damu la. Mu November 1955 madzi anayamba kudzaza Kuibyshev posungira.

Project madzi mlingo mu izo ingafikiridwe mu June 1957. Pa nthawi ya kufika zikugwira ntchito mphamvu Kuibyshev mosungiramo inali yaikulu m'dziko - m'dera wotanganidwa za 6000 makilomita lalikulu, kutalika - mamita 510, m'lifupi m'madera ena anafika makilomita 27.

malekodi

History Zhiguli hydropower zomera July 1955 zinali zodzaza ndi ndime ya chotengera choyamba kudzera mwa zipata m'munsi m'madzi. Mu November, panali alipo mwa njira yaikulu ya Volga, mu December anamaliza unsembe wa unit woyamba hayidiroliki anayamba kugwira ntchito zamalonda. Ena khumi mayunitsi hydropower anali anapezerapo pa 1956-1957 nthawi. Woyamba biliyoni kilowatt-maola analandiridwa mu October 1956. Deti la akamaliza waukulu gawo yomanga akuti ndi 14 October 1957, pamene turbines onse HPP Chatuluka magetsi mafakitale.

Khazikitsa lililonse mphamvu chopangira mphamvu 150 zikwi MW amatenga pafupi mwezi, pambuyo powapatsa iwo ntchito zinaonekeratu kuti kukhala turbines ndi mphamvu mpaka 115 MW. Chifukwa mayunitsi kachiwiri chodetsa anatengedwera, ndipo anaika mphamvu opangira magetsi ziwonjezeke kwa 2.3 GW.

Zonsezi wotsatira akhala mwachindunji kwa yomanga nyumba zaboma pa zomangamanga siteshoni ndi zipangizo chikhalidwe Zhigulevsk ndi Stavropol. HPP Zhiguli - dongosolo lapadera, ndi matamanda a madzi lonse inamangidwa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri. Nthawi imeneyi, zinachitika pafupifupi 200 miliyoni kiyubiki mamita wa earthwork, anaika miliyoni 8 kiyubiki mamita konkire, anaika matani 200 zikwi a nyumba zitsulo ndi zida.

yokumba

Zhiguli mbewu hydropower inali yololedwa anatsegula pa August 9, 1958 mwambo wapadera pamaso pa anthu woyamba wa USSR. Tsiku lotsatira, siteshoni anadzatchedwa wa Volga opangira magetsi Mphamvu Station ndi ntchito Lenin. ophunzira ambiri a pomanga alandira mphoto boma. Zokambirana pa ntchito yomanga akaidi anawamasula m'tchire ndi Amnesty, ena kukhalabe yafupika nthawi kutumikira chiweruzo.

Ndi chiyambi cha August 1966 Zhiguli hydropower zomera anayamba mwambo biliyoni 100 kilowatt-maola magetsi. Pa nthawi yomweyo panali zokha mwadongosolo njira zonse ulamuliro pa siteshoni mpaka mapeto a 70 zikuluzikulu wamakono wa zida zinachitikadi.

Ndi kusintha kwa dongosolo la zachuma mu 1993 kanasinthika udindo wa siteshoni: chifukwa cha ziŵalo kampani anakhala zochepa kampani anthu. Mu 2001 HPP Zhigulevskaya anakhala mbali ya kampani "Volga Hydropower kugwa". Popeza 2003, opangira magetsi siteshoni mphamvu ndi katundu magetsi ku msika wa chipiku, omwe amagulitsa 15% ya mphamvu kwaiye, zinthu zina zilipo kwa malamulo msika feduro.

modernity

Chibwenzi, mwini siteshoni ndi atagwira kampani "RusHydro". Zhiguli hydropower mbewu - ichi ndi opangira magetsi mtsinje bedi, onse zipangizo za kalasi yoyamba yodalirika. Kapangidwe ka zomangamanga zikuphatikizapo:

• Zadothi damu kutalika mamita 52 (m'lifupi - 750 m, kutalika - 2800 m).
• Opangira magetsi siteshoni nyumba mamita 700 yaitali.
• Spillway damu mamita 980 yaitali.
• Kutumiza maloko.

Kutalika kwa Zhiguli hydropower chomera mu damu gawo mamita 40,15, mphamvu nyumba ali ndi kutalika mamita 81,1. Pamwamba pa damu adayikapo sitima ndi msewu tsamba uthenga Moscow - Samara. ч . Station mphamvu ndi 2320 MW, ndi mphamvu pafupifupi linanena bungwe kusungidwa pa maola biliyoni 10,5 kVt⋅. ч , и 4 машины мощностью 120 МВт⋅ ч . The makina chipinda 20 yatenganso mayunitsi hayidiroliki pachimake-vane mtundu, 14 umene ndi mphamvu 115 MVt⋅ H ndi 4 makina pa 120 MVt⋅ maola.

wamakono

Mu 2010 kampani "RusHydro" walemba pangano ndi OAO "Makina mphamvu" wamakono mayunitsi hayidiroliki. Ndi June 2017 pomwe analandira magalimoto 19, akamaliza zovuta lonse la miyeso zakonzedwa November 2017. miyeso anatengedwa kusintha kwa thumba zingawonjezere mphamvu chomera ndi kwa 2488 MW.

Kumanga woyamba, ndi lero ndi kukwapula zomera mphamvu Zhiguli zomera hydropower. okwerera Photo, madamu ndi lonse zovuta za opangira magetsi kuuzira kulemekeza namatetule opanga ndi omanga.