HIV - HIV kuti ndi oopsa? AIDS zimakhudza mmene maselo? kupewa AIDS

AIDS HIV adzabwere khungu, amene chitetezo cha thupi, umene maselo sangathenso kuteteza chamoyo ku matenda. Asayansi akhala akuyesa kukhala mankhwala konsekonse chifukwa wosazindikira, koma sioneka bakiteriya otchedwa HIV.

Chiopsezo chachikulu cha HIV

HIV ili lentivirus, ndi subgroup wa retroviruses, amene yodziwika ndi zotsatira pang'onopang'ono pa thupi la munthu. Nthawi zambiri, mbali yaikulu ya gulu la matenda angasonyeze pamene kutenga kanthu adzakhala mochedwa kwambiri.

Kusanthula kwake dongosolo, kachilombo wa AIDS angathe yodziwika monga thunthu la pawiri wosanjikiza zamadzimadzi pamwamba pa amene anakonza glycoprotein chinthu chokhala ngati bowa, mkati limene lili unyolo nthunzi RNA. Chifukwa dongosolo zimenezi, likulowerera momasuka mwazi wa maselo a anthu. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ngakhale kuti kapangidwe ka maselo a mwazi ndi zovuta zambiri dongosolo kuposa kachilombo ka HIV, izo seamlessly zimatengera pa khungu ndi kuwononga kwathunthu.

Kuphunzira kachilombo

Popeza HIV AIDS zimakhudza aliyense kaya akhale a msinkhu kapena jenda, njira yokhayo yotulukira ndi kuti kuyambira matenda amapezeka Koma ngati zinthu zina, zikhoza kupewedwa. Komanso, ngakhale zinthu akauka kumene HIV akadali analowa m'thupi, mankhwala amakono amatha m'njira yake kuteteza kubalana ake ndipo, chifukwa, kuteteza chiwonongeko cha dongosolo anthu m'thupi.

Ngakhale kuti asayansi kale, chimene amenya maselo HIV AIDS, mbali zina za HIV akali unexplored. Mwachitsanzo, mmene kwenikweni chiwonongeko cha maselo pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, anthu ambiri ndi matenda akupitiriza kuyang'ana wathanzi kwathunthu kwa ndithu nthawi yaitali. Nkhanizi Musataye kufunika awo, ngakhale kuti HIV zimagawidwa monga HIV ambiri anaphunzira mbiri.

Malowedwe ndi fixation wa HIV

Pambuyo malowedwe mu thupi AIDS HIV infects maselo ofiira, cha gulu la T-lymphocytes, amene anakonza pa pamwamba molekyulu yeniyeni CD-4 ndi zina khungu munali mu kapangidwe kake yogwira cholandilira. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti kukhazikitsidwa ndi kufala winanso wa HIV thupi lonse sayenera chingatilimbikitse aliyense owonjezera, chifukwa kubalana pamafunika yokha selo kachilombo munthu.

Ndipotu mfundo majini osati likulowerera selo, chigoba chake kwathunthu zinaphatikizidwa ndi izo, kenako HIV kumayambira kupitilira pang'onopang'ono.

Mankhwala msanga chitukuko cha HIV

Pakali pano, asayansi kupitiriza kukhala katemera n'cholinga chofuna kupewa kachilombo ka HIV ankhondowo maselo, pofuna AIDS akhoza kukhala muyezo ndondomeko. Research mderali zachokera chakuti ambiri mavairasi amene alipo pa dziko, mfundo majini ndi ndiyotengera mu mawonekedwe a DNA, ndi kuphunzira mosavuta chilengedwe cha katemera panopa ndi mkulu. Komabe, HIV ndi ndiyotengera mu RNA, ndi kulola mwazi anthu ankamangidwanso kutembenuza RNA ake mu DNA ya munthu kachilombo pogwiritsa ntchito transcriptase n'zosiyana, mu izi selo mulo mosavuta poyera kuti kachilombo ka HIV.

HIV AIDS infects khungu kachilombo munthu pa maola 12 oyambirira kuchokera nthawi ya matenda, pamene iwo amayamba kuzindikira DNA ndi tizilombo monga ake, kwathunthu kumvera malamulo ophatikizidwa mkati mwake. Apa kachilombo HIV angathe kupewedwa pakumwa mankhwala ochepetsa cha gulu la zoletsa n'zosiyana transcriptase.

Kumvera malamulo, amene amapereka selo kachilombo, zigawo zikuluzikulu HIV pulogalamu kuyamba kusewera zosiyanasiyana zigawo zikuluzikulu za HIV, amene ndiye mu maselo chomwecho mwanjira siteji ya akhakula "kumanga" latsopano mkulu amasankha HIV. Ngakhale kuti utangoyamba HIV sangathe kugwira yomweyo zotsatirazi selo, lamamatira kwa DNA ya selo, zomwe zinabala, iye akagona ndi puloteni ina HIV amatchedwa protease. Ndi kwathunthu mitundu yatsopano tizilombo khola, kenako amapeza luso matenda ndi AIDS HIV infects selo lotsatira.

posungira

Tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane funso la angati amakhala kachilombo koyambitsa Edzi, ayenera kulabadira kuti ena maselo ndi moyo wautali, monga macrophages ndi monocytes, akhoza kukwaniritsa wambirimbiri HIV kamodzi ndipo komabe zipitirire kugwira ntchito popanda kufa.

Ndipotu, ndi madamu wodzala ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Ndi chifukwa chake ngakhale ndi phwando yake ya mankhwala mavairasi oyambitsa sizitanthauza kuti AIDS sangathe alimbikitsidwe mu chipinda amenewa, pamene iye anali ali, ndipo sadzakhala yogwira, koma adzakhala kwathunthu otetezeka ku zotsatira za mankhwala. Choncho, kachilombo sizingatheke kuti tikuona m'thupi kwathunthu, ndipo angayambe nthawi iliyonse.

Kukula kwa HIV pambuyo matenda

Virus aliyense m'kati kwa mlingo payekha. Mbali ya odwala kudwala kwa zaka zingapo choyamba pambuyo matenda, ndi zina zaka zoposa 10-12, izo zonse zimadalira zinthu zina. Mlingo wa HIV zingakhudze:

• mbali munthu wa thupi.
• Mantha dongosolo.
• osauka.

Nthawi zambiri, matenda kumachitika chifukwa cha magazi a munthu amene ali kulowa m'magazi alibe matenda - izi zingachitike jekeseni pamene angapo a syringe disposable kapena kudzera kuikidwa magazi kachilombo. Komanso matenda HIV pa kugonana mosadziteteza kugonana kapena kudzera pakamwa.

Kodi chimachitika chifukwa cha matenda

Nthawi ya mawonetseredwe yogwira chitetezo HIV mpaka miyezi itatu, kenako mwa kuyesa kwa magazi kwa HIV immunologist kapena matenda venereal angasonyeze magazi awo. Ngakhale ndi zotsatira zabwino a kuwunika n'kofunika kwambiri kupita kachiwiri, pokhapokha munthuyo kuti afotokoze matenda.

Ngakhale kuti kupewa Edzi akhoza zayamba kuchepetsa kufala kwa matendawa, mosavuta matenda alipo munthu aliyense. Pankhaniyi, maselo a dongosolo anthu m'thupi, kudzindikira kachilombo koyambitsa Edzi kulowa njira zawo mwachizolowezi. Iwo udzachitike mu kudziwika HIV ndi kusamutsa mwachindunji kwa mwanabele, amene ayenera za chiwonongeko chotheratu cha HIV. Komabe, kamodzi HIV ukufika cholinga amayamba patsogolo mofulumira mu thupi.

Anthu ambiri kachilombo ongoyendayenda mitundu choopsa cha matenda - viremia, chifukwa chimene ntchito zoteteza za thupi ndi kuchepetsedwa ndi theka yomweyo, ndipo munthuyo amayamba kuona zizindikiro zofanana monga mu nkhani ya SARS. Patapita miyezi ingapo kulimbana ndi matenda AIDS HIV kufa, koma pang'ono. Ambiri mwa miyambo ya HIV adakali ndi mpata mizu mu maselo. Pambuyo pake, mlingo wa lymphocytes T-4 pafupifupi mwathunthu limabwezeretsa ziwerengero m'mbuyomu. Nthawi zambiri, anthu pambuyo mawonekedwe pachimake cha HIV sikuti ngakhale akuganiza kuti thupi lake mofulumira patsogolo HIV, popeza palibe mawonetseredwe achindunji a HIV alibe.

zodzitetezera

Chifukwa lero ogwira mankhwala HIV silinakwaniritsidwe anakamba, ndi mankhwala alipo yekha amachepetsa mphamvu ya HIV, AIDS ndiyo njira yokhayo yolondola njira za momwe angapewere kachirombo.

Anthu ambiri amaganiza angakapeze kachilombo koyambitsa Edzi ngakhale pamene wamba kukhudzana ndi munthu amene ali, koma zimenezi si zoona. Mukhoza mosavuta kukhalira limodzi ndi munthu amene ali, koma ayenera kudziwa kuti pali matenda amene kwambiri pa chiopsezo matenda. Mwachitsanzo, opatsirana pogonana matenda kapena kugonana kumatako. Onetsetsani kuti adzatsatira malamulo a chitetezo chapadera dera lapamtima, ndi kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi kupewa kutenga izi kachilombo koopsa, monga AIDS.