ENEA - kumalo okwerera sitima. okwerera sitima "ENEA"

The Moscow Metro, kukhala waukulu wa mabasi ndi magalimoto likulu la likulu, akubweretsa ntchito angapo. Kuwonjezera pa chitetezo champhamvu wa anthu ndi kuchita ntchito pa onse chitetezo wachibadwidwe wa mzinda, Moscow Metro ndi lofunika kwambiri chikhalidwe chipilala cha dziko lathu, bwino kusonyeza mbiri ya chitukuko ndi magawo chitukuko cha anthu.

Chionetsero chachikulu cha USSR

Chionetsero cha zipambano Economic wa USSR (VDNKh) nalo dzina lake mu 1959. Poyamba, dzina lake wakewu "Onse-Union ulimi Exhibition." Zovuta chinamasulidwa mu Moscow mu 1939 ku dera lalikulu pakati pa Main Botanical Garden ndi Ostankino Park zosangalatsa ntchito mpaka 1941. Nkhondo itatha, ndi kufotokoza linatsegulidwa yekha mu 1954, ndipo mu 1992 anadzatchedwa onse-Russian Exhibition Center (VVC). M'zaka prewar, chionetserocho ofanana unachitikira amatchedwa "Onse-Russian ulimi Chotsimikizika mafakitale chionetsero" pa Mpheta Hills, ndipo kuyambira 1923.

Chaka pamaso renaming ndi okwerera sitima ENEA anatsegula zitseko zake alendo a zovuta, kupanga izo chifupi anthu m'njira loona mawu. Dera ENEA mulinso chipilala "wantchito ndi Mgwirizano Farm Woman" ndi ziboliboli Vera Mukhina, kasupe "Ubwenzi wa Peoples wa USSR" ndi "Stone Flower", akasupe 14 a Alley chapakati, atatu arches kaso wa Central, Central ndi South makomo, komanso za makumi asanu ndi anayi pavilions anamanga pa Square mabwalo a zionetsero.

Kodi ife timachitcha?

"VDNH" siteshoni okwerera sitima unayambitsidwa May 1, 1958 monga siteshoni yomaliza ya Riga utali wozungulira "Prospekt Mira" - "ulimi Exhibition". Pamaso kupatsa chionetsero cha dzina latsopano pa malo wotchedwa chimodzimodzi inali pamwamba pa malo chionetsero - "ulimi Exhibition". Mu 1992, pambuyo renaming wa ENEA mu VVC, izo anafunsa kusintha dzina la pasiteji, koma kukwaniritsidwa kwa ntchito pa moyo adzasiyidwa. Simunalandira mabuku ntchito zina kwa mphoto ya maina atsopano siteshoni, "chionetsero", "Rostokino", "Space" - maina awa nthawizonse kukhala pa pepala.

nthambi Orange

Riga osiyanasiyana inayamba mu 1958, inkakhala okwerera anayi okha: "Botanical Garden" (tsopano "Mira"), "Riga" "Mtendere" (Aka "Scherbakovskaya" ndi "Alekseevskaya") ndi "ulimi Exhibition" (tsopano "ENEA"). Momwe pa okwerera sitima ku malo a mzinda kapena chionetsero cha mgwirizano lonse, kuyambira tsopano zinatha kwa vuto. Poyamba, izi zikhoza kuchitidwa pa dziko mayendedwe a likulu.

Patatha zaka zinayi, mu 1962, ntchito anayamba Kaluga nthambi utali wozungulira. Iye zikugwirizana mbali yaikulu ya mzinda ndi nyumba yatsopano kum'mwera chakumadzulo napita ku siteshoni "Novye Cheryomushki". N'zochititsa chidwi kuti siteshoni "Shabolovskaya" anaikidwa mu ntchito kokha mu 1980, ngakhale kuti anali m'gulu ntchito poyamba. "Kaluga" siteshoni kwa nthawi yoyamba inali mu zofikira (kukoka cha nambala faifi "Kaluga"). Mu 1974 izo zinali kutsekedwa, popeza ndinayamba nsanja latsopano la dzina chomwecho mu dongosolo.

mzere chitukuko

Agwirizane madera awiri mu 1972, pansi pa dzina la aliyense wa radii zakale anatumizidwa utangoyamba zonse kunachitika nthambi dzina "lalanje mzere". Mu 1978, kuwonjezera mzere, kubweretsa "Medvedkovo" siteshoni, wachinayi siteshoni kumpoto kwa "ENEA". Metro mu Moscow kusiyana chaka chilichonse, cobwebs enveloping mobisa awo chimakwirira m'madera ambiri a likulu. Mu Mipingo sanafune mzere kum'mwera chakumadzulo mu 1990 anatsegula siteshoni komaliza "Bitsa Park" (tsopano "Novoyasenevskaya") ndi kufalitsidwa deadlocks. Mu 2014 zinandipangitsa kukambirana, kupereka okwera mwayi kusamutsa kwa Skytrain mzere L1.

Kunyada kwa mtundu

Ngakhale pa chiyambi chake Soviet, siteshoni dzina akadali n'chimodzimodzi ndi mawu amanyadira Moscow. The Center Exhibition, yapansi pafupi kwa iye, yaikulu chionetsero m'dera la Soviet Union, hotelo "Cosmos" komanso chipilala odziwika "Antchito ndi Mgwirizano Farm Bakuman" - nthawizonse kukhala chizindikiro cha sosholisimu anayamba mkati likulu la fuko lathuli. Pakali pano, mbewu si polekezera mfundo ya Moscow nthambi okwerera sitima. Ndi chipilala mbiri, kusonyeza mapulani ndi zomangamanga mphamvu ya nthawi.

siteshoni Making

"VNDH" - siteshoni kwambiri maziko. Mobisa mlingo wa opanda mamita asanu mphambu zitatu ndi theka, kupangitsa munthu wa malo ovuta wa Moscow okwerera sitima. Trehsvodchataya siteshoni kapangidwe ali kutalika pylons zisanu ndi zinayi (khumi). Special kukongoletsa chokongoletsera nsanja sangathe kudzitama chifukwa anamangidwira mu zaka za ndalama kwambiri. Izo poyamba zinakonzedwa kuti apereke pylons pommel ornametnom wobiriwira, konsekonse ndi amajambulapo maluwa okongola golide tsamba pa za Florence zithunzi. Ntchitoyi, panali ena wojambula mwapadera anapempha Vladimir Andreevich Favorsky.

Patapita nthawi, iye analenga kapangidwe wapadera kwa siteshoni "chionetsero Center". Metro makumi asanu kudziika dissimilarity kamangidwe ka lililonse siteshoni. Inde okha ndi mabasi panthawiyo anali wamng'ono. Posachedwapa, nkhondoyo inatha, mphamvu yaikulu antchito anatumizidwa kuti ayambe chuma cha dziko. Komabe, chirengedwe cha mkati Moscow yapansi anafika bwinobwino. Wathunso ndi "chionetsero Center". The intertwining masamba thundu ndipo maliboni organically chokongoletsedwa pylon woyamba anamangidwira siteshoni. Komabe, kuchepekedwa ndi chuma ndi mavuto awo. Mose pulasitala ndi penti ndi utoto wobiriwira, osati woyamba wa dongosolo yothandizira, komanso aliyense wa zipilala.

M'deralo, osati

Panopa mobisa siteshoni - mmodzi wa aang'ono okwana lotanganidwa m'dera Moscow. Yofunika mu sewero ili limene lili m'dera la yaikulu chionetsero zovuta "VDNKh" okwerera sitima.

Map of Moscow mofulumira polumikizira dongosolo la mzinda susonyeza kapena kupatsira chidzalo ndi kukula kwa tsiku magalimoto zonyamula kudutsa siteshoni. Kapezekedwe ka wakunja kwatawuni zoyendera kutonthozana likulu anawonjezera mbali yaikulu ya anthu pogwiritsa ntchito "ENEA" kuti apeze pa yapansi m'mawa ndi kuwasiya iwo pakutha pa tsiku, kufika kunyumba. Mytishchi, Korolev, Sergiev Posad, Pushkino, Ivanteyevka, Forest glade - uwu si mndandanda wa midzi wakunja kwatawuni, ndi kumene inu angafikire basi TPU "ENEA". Moscow Metro mu nkhani iyi ndi nkhani kupitiriza kwa mayendedwe mtsempha wamagazi pakati pa likulu, ndi kutsidya lina la izo.

Musaiwale za mtengo wa anthu yapafupi ya Moscow Metro sanabadwe nayo nthawi kuponya nthambi maukonde awo. Ostankino, Rostokino, Marina Grove, Yaroslavl dera - anthu ambiri kuno ndi siteshoni "chionetsero Center" kuti apeze ntchito kapena ku likulu la likulu. Free basi kutumikira matawuni akuluakulu kukagula, monga "Golden Babulo" mu Rostokino kapena «XL» mu Mytishchi pafupi Moscow, komanso amathandiza kuti kuchuluka kwa siteshoni katundu. Angathe alendo kugula tambirimbiri zosangalatsa m'madera onse a Moscow amakopeka ndi kuthekera kwa ufulu kuyenda pa dziko zoyendera malo kugula.

Kuchoka ku siteshoni

Mpaka m'ma 1997 kugwiritsira ntchito kokha North Ground modutsa mu mawonekedwe a rotunda ndi lotseguka kumbuyo mu 1958. Komabe, mphamvu ndi bwino sikokwanira kulimbana ndi tsiku kuwonjezeka siteshoni katundu okwerera sitima "chionetsero Center". Zotuluka pa mbali zonse za Chiyembekezo Mira anatsegula August 25, 1997. South holo kumabweretsa okwera kuti underpass ya pansi motorway ndi wapereka pamwamba pa opita Alley, kapena pa gawo la Kachisi wa Tikhvin chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu Alexeyev.

Mu June 2013 pafupifupi chaka chinatsekedwa kwa kukonza ku North modutsa anatumikira cholinga chawo ndi wokongola ankavala escalators. Latsopano zochotsa asilikali anaikidwa mu ntchito June 1, 2014. zipangizo zamakono kuti kunandithandiza bandiwifi, komanso kukumana ndi mfundo chitetezo ISO9001-2011.

pomaliza

okwerera sitima "ENEA" wakhala ndi kukhala chizindikiro cha chitukuko ndi chipilala mbiri mu mitima ya ku Russia. Kudzera anawasema ake mobisa ndi tsiku motsogozedwa maulendo wa Moscow Metro kwa apaulendo yachilendo. Oposa 150 000 Anthu tsiku lililonse akulowa lubwe ozizira a chuma chake. siteshoni wakhala moyo imeneyi mu ntchito zambiri zolembalemba, mwachitsanzo, mu buku Dmitriya Gluhovskogo "Metro 2033" ndi "phata otsiriza chikhalidwe ndi kumudzi wakumpoto wa chitukuko Kaluga-Riga mzere."