Dongosolo m'mimba mwa mbalame. Kapangidwe mkati mbalame

Zinthu zofunika kwambiri ukubwera ntchito, kusintha ndi excretion wa undigested zotsalira m'thupi amachita dongosolo m'mimba. Mbalame, nyama akukasintha kuthawa, ndi mbali zina za dongosolo mkati. Iwo makamaka anafuna kuchepetsa thupi lawo kulemera. M'mimba dongosolo - yotero.

Dongosolo m'mimba mwa nyama

chordates onse, monga mbalame, ndi dongosolo ofanana a dongosolo m'mimba. Imayamba ndi M'mimbamo m'kamwa. Komanso, kudzera pharynx ndi chakudya akulowa kum'mero - chubu zikubweretsa m'mimba. Mbali iyi ya dongosolo m'mimba ndi kutambasuka, imene chakudya ndi mwachilungamo nthawi yaitali. Mayamwidwe komaliza zakudya akupezeka pa intestine kakang'ono, ndipo excretion a zotsalira undigested chakudya akuchita thirakiti komaliza. Njirayi imatchedwa m'mimba, kutsegula kunja cloaca kapena chotulukira.

Features a dongosolo m'mimba mwa mbalame pamaso pa khosi lotupa - patsogolo kum'mero ndi kuchepetsa kutalika kwa intestine lapansi. zizindikiro zimenezi structural zimathandiza kuti kwambiri chimbudzi kwambiri ndi kuchepetsa thupi la mbalame.

The Tinganenenso chimodzimodzi kachitidwe ena limba?

Kapangidwe mkati mbalame (Table).

thupi dongosolo	mbali structural
m'mapapo	Anapereka kupuma thirakiti (mphuno, pakhosi, trachea, bronchi), mapapo ndi sacs mpweya
magazi	Zinayi chambered mtima (atria awiri ndi ventricles awiri) ndi dongosolo chatsekedwa Mitsempha. Mbalame ziwiri kufalitsidwa: yaikuluikulu. Chifukwa cha magazi venous ndi wolumikizira si kusakaniza, ndi mbalame magazi ofunda nyama. Choncho, kutentha thupi lawo zimadalira pa kutentha yozungulira.
excretory	Amakhala impso wophatikizidwa ndi ureter, amene ducts lotseguka mu cloaca lapansi.
mantha	Ubongo ndi msana, kumene m'madipatimenti ndi ambiri otukuka cerebellum.
kugonana	Mbalame - nyama dioecious. dongosolo ubereki ankaimira gonads: testes mu amuna ndi akazi unpaired n'kuwasanganiza, amene akutumikira ngati akufuna kuti kuchepetsa thupi lawo.

chakudya nkhuku

Kuti dongosolo lomwe lili ndi mbalame dongosolo m'mimba, mbali yake ndi kusiyana, poyamba pa zonse, chifukwa chikhalidwe cha chakudya. City okhala kudya tizilombo, mbewu ndi zotsalira za chakudya anthu.

Kukumana zokonda za mbalame zosiyanasiyana ndithu. Gull kumwa madzi mchere, imathandiza kuti kudzera tonsil lapansi.

Chakupha mbalame flycatcher ndi chifukwa mbali chakudya. Iwo amagwiritsa kafadala. njoka awo mu khungu ndi nthenga. Ngakhale flytrap ali ndi chitetezo chokwanira khola kuchitapo kanthu ake. Munthu akhoza kutenthedwa ndi kukhudza izo. Koma nyama zazing'ono kwambiri amafa ndi mavuto a poizoni flycatchers.

Mbalame zimene zimakhala m'tchire ankadya zipatso zokoma, inakhala kakang'ono ndipo ngakhale zovunda. Kuti tichite zimenezi, iwo ali ndi zida zonse.

mlomo

Mbalame mulibe mano. Koma kupirira mtedza kwambiri ndipo mbewu yaing'ono mosavuta. Inde, poyamba ntchito ya mano ndi mulomo. Mothandizidwa ndi mbalame wosweka, kutiwononga kapena kuswa chakudya. Mlomo hornlike imakhala nkhani olimba angathe komabe kulemera mokwanira mkulu ndi katundu yaitali. Mwachitsanzo, matabwa zichitidwe mu woodpecker makungwa dzenje 10 cm kudya tizilombo mphutsi.

The mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa mulomo amadalira zimene mbalame kudya.

Mwachitsanzo, ogwirira aakulu yokhota kumapeto mulomo, amene mosavuta akathyole ndi kunyenga wovulalayo. Peregrine akuukira ngakhale nkhandwe lalikulu ndi nkhandwe. Forest mbalame kuti wachotsa tizilombo ku makungwa, monga chisel, kupanga mabowo izo.

Amathandiza kopeza chakudya ndi chinenero ili M'mimbamo m'kamwa. Iwo ali wapadera tentha mthupi papillae, zomwe zimathandiza kusunga chakudya mu kamwa.

Dongosolo m'mimba mwa mbalame akupitabe pharynx, ndi thandizo lomwe kale pang'ono kukonzedwa chimachititsanso chakudya pamodzi pamsewu.

Kum'mero ndi mbewu

Kum'mero mbalame ali ndi dongosolo zachilendo. Izi si chubu zikubweretsa m'mimba. Ndipamene ukugwirizana wotchedwa Chotupa chija. Ichi ndi kumene Chakudya anachedwa kwa nthawi zina ndipo ndi mankhwala ankachitira ntchito malovu. gull A vuwo, natisunthitsa mu mbewu ya anapiye kudyetsa kudya malo chisa.

Kodi mkaka mbalameyo

Dzina la mchere chokoma ndi bwino kuti onse kuyambira ali mwana. Iwo nalo dzina lake pa kufanana kwa zinthu zimene angathe kumasuka yekha mbalame.

Ena mbalame zopangitsa apadera osagwirizana michere frothy misa anapanga. Izi mankhwala ofunika ntchito fledging.

mkaka mbalame ziribe kanthu kochita ndi nyama mkaka. Si madzi, koma ndi ofanana creamed kanyumba tchizi. Komanso muli zambiri zinthu organic ndi mavitamini kuti akhoza kupereka thupi ndi akhanda zonse zofunikira.

Anyani mkaka mbalame opangidwa mmimba osati kholingo, uli wachuma mu mafuta. mankhwala n'kofunika kuti chitukuko cha anapiye Pamakhala mavuto kumpoto. Ndipo anyani akuluakulu ntchito mafuta thupi osati amasangalatsa thupi, koma monga chakudya ndi mphamvu. Vysizhivaya anapiye miyezi ingapo, amuna musatisiye malo a zomangamanga. Mmenemonso, kwangokhala sangakwanitse kupeza chakudya ndi kukhala umoyo chifukwa m'matangadza subcutaneous.

Features ya kapangidwe ka m'mimba mwa mbalame

M'mimba mbalame alinso mbali khalidwe. Amakhala ndi magawo awiri.

M'mimba amatchedwa glandular ndi akulu. Woyamba kukonzedwa chakudya chapamimba madzi, i.e. pano akupitiriza mankhwala mankhwala ake. Akulu khadi pamwamba ali ndi filimu zinthu keratinous. Ndi kuti, chakudya ndi kuuluka kwa boma slurry ngati.

Ine ndikutsimikiza ambiri aona ngati mbalame n'kumamujompha mwendo timiyala yaing'ono. Iwo amachita zimenezi osati chifukwa sadziwa kukoma kwawo. Kamodzi intestine, ndi akulu, miyala zimathandiza kuti umapezeka makina a roughage. Choncho, kuchepetsa ndi kusapezeka kwa mano mbalame.

matumbo

Kukonzedwa chakudya kuchokera mmimba akulowa intestine yaing'ono, imene lotseguka ducts ya chiwindi ndi kapamba. Mu gawo ili la dongosolo m'mimba chakudya m'mimba kwathunthu ndi odzipereka mu m'magazi.

Kunja intestine amatsegula cloaca. Ndi dzenje imene linanena bungwe kunja undigested mankhwala chakudya chamoyo kugonana ndi machitidwe excretory.

m'mimba dongosolo mbali ndi m'litali yaing'ono. Izo zimatengera chikhalidwe cha chakudya. Mwachitsanzo, mbalame kuti amakonda chakudya zamasamba, matumbo yaitali kuposa thupi nthawi 8. Nthumwi za mbalame insectivorous - 4 okha.

Mwa njira, voracious ambiri ankaona mbalame - ngwazi ya kukula kwake zazing'ono. Inu anaganiza? Chabwino, ndithudi, ndi mbalame ija yotchedwa hummingbird. Pa tsiku amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mungu, zaikidwa pa nthawi 2 kulemera yake.

A wren kwa tsiku limodzi kubweretsa anapiye kuti mbozi 500 ndi tizilombo. Ndi kudya!

Ndipo miimba - ndi opambana pakati pa zamoyo kwambiri adyera komanso womangofuna chuma. Ndi wambirimbiri chakudya chimene amadya chakudya chochuluka, kotero kuti sangathe kuti avule. Vuto miimba ndi kuthetsedwa mwachibadwa: dikirani kuti misa amachepetsa thupi.

Nkhuku kugaya chakudya mofulumira, mwamsanga kuchotsa matumbo. Izi zimathandiza kuchepetsa thupi lawo kulemera ndi kupereka thupi chofunika kuchuluka kwa mphamvu. Normal mpheta mbozi angathe kudya kwa mphindi 15, ndipo mbewu - 3 paola. N'chifukwa chake ambiri a moyo wake mbalame pochita kukafunafuna chakudya.

m'mimba England

Malovu, kapamba ndi chiwindi - apa ndi mndandanda wa zopangitsa m'mimba, omwe ndi mbalame. Iwo secrete zinthu biologically yogwira - michere. Iwo imathandizira njira ya chimbudzi, komanso yogawanika ya chakudya zovuta kuti monosaccharides, mapuloteni ndi kwa amino zidulo, lipids kuti glycerol ndi zidulo mafuta. Mu fomu iyi nkhani organic akhoza kutengera ndi thupi.

Makamaka mbalame m'mimba ndondomeko

Kapangidwe mkati mbalame (tebulo anapereka m'nkhani) zikusonyeza kuti mbali zonse za bungwe lawo anatomical umalimbana anatengera kuthawa. Izi imakhudzanso ziwalo m'mimba dongosolo.

M'malo mwa masaya ndi milomo mbalame ndi mulomo, amene kulamulira adani ndi posungira chakudya. M'mimbamo m'kamwa ndi m'kamwa molimbika. Limakwirira mucosa, limene wapadera phirilo zooneka papillae. Ndi thandizo lawo, chakudya amasuntha mu kholingo. chakudya kuti asagwe mu m'mphuno, Palatine kudula kuchita minofu kale nebnochelyustnye.

M'mimba, kuchita ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kulimbikitsa tima processing chakudya. intestine The wapangidwa ndi magulu awiri - yaing'ono ndi yaikulu.

dongosolo m'mimba mbalame limapereka njira zonse za moyo wa mbalame. Mbali A dongosolo ake obuslovlovlivayut luso la nyama chodabwitsa kuwuluka.