Dnestr Chimoludaviyani Republic: mapu, boma, purezidenti, ndalama ndi History

Utatha wa dziko lalikulu, lomwe wotanganidwa wachisanu wa dziko, anapanga ndi kuchuluka kwa limati palokha kuti nthawiyomweyo amakumana ndi mavuto ambiri. Ndipo ngakhale ena a dziko akukana kuti azindikire. Izi ndi Pridnestrovian Republic Chimoludaviyani. Iwo lokhalamo anthu olimba mtima amene osati anatsutsa lonse "kutukuka" anthu, komanso anatsutsana kuthamanga ayankhe. Komabe, mbiri ya boma ndi losadziwika onse ndi chidwi kwambiri. maonekedwe ake pa mapu a dziko lapansi chifukwa osati mwa chifuniro cha anthu, komanso zochitika za m'mbuyomo. Pa nthawi imene malowa m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu analowa Russian Ufumu. Koma tiyeni tifufuze pang'ono zakuya zakale.

Kodi sintha m'dera

History of Transnistria si wosiyana kwambiri kuchokera m'mayiko oyandikana nawo. Kale, m'dera anali kulibe populata. Kwenikweni anakhalapo kuno Asilavo ndi Turkic mafuko. Pa nthawi kuderali kunali mbali ya Kievan Lazaro, izo ndiye m'gulu la wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu. M'zaka za m'ma XIV dziko wadutsa mu Grand Duchy la Lithuania. Popeza anthu anali ochepa, ndiye kusinthika kuchokera pansi pa ulamuliro wina ndi mzake si makamaka zimakhudza anthu. Koma m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu, pambuyo deta waikidwa mu malo a Russian Ufumu anayamba kusintha. Kusamalira chitetezo malire, boma analimbikitsa kusamuka kwa anthu pa malo amenewa. Ndipo anthu ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Mwa anthu ake anakumana Bulgarians ndi Russian, dziko la Germany ndi Ahelene, ndi, ndithudi, Moldovans. Pambuyo zitasintha, Moldova Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic unakhazikitsidwa m'deralo. Iwo anali gawo la SSR Chiyukireniya. Izo zinali kokha mu 1939, pamene Romania anakakamizika kubwerera mgwirizano wa madera kale ntchito, unakhazikitsidwa ndi Chimoludaviyani SSR, zimene zinaphatikizapo deta onse m'dziko. Kuti kumvetsa chifukwa chimene anthu a m'gawo, kodi sakufuna kukhala gawo la Moldova latsopano, ndikofunika kudziwa mbiri yake.

Industrial ovuta Mapangidwe

Pambuyo mapangidwe akuluakulu Chimoludaviyani nayamba kuwatumiza akatswiri apa ochokera ku mayiko a Soviet. Kwenikweni ife anamanganso dera atsopano a Ukrainians ndi Russian. Pazifukwa zandale, izo ziri pano amene analenga makampani akuluakulu mafakitale. Ndi nthawi mapangidwe ake mu maonekedwe ake panopa Pridnestrovie anapereka 40% ya GDP, 90% ya magetsi kwaiye. Komanso, inachokera 14 anagwirizana asilikali, ndithudi, zomangamanga chokwanira analengedwa. Iwo likukhalira kuti lero Pridnestrovian Republic Chimoludaviyani ali anaikira pa m'gawo lake pafupifupi lonse mafakitale angathe dziko, anapanga pambuyo kugwa kwa USSR.

Official, koma sakudziwika mwa mapangidwe boma latsopano

Zadzidzidzi chinachitika pamene dziko lathu kale yaikulu ndisungunuka m'magulu khumi. Ndiko kuti, mugawo ili lakhala litazindikiridwa ndi UN, koma osati anthu. Popeza Moldova ali mbiri apangidwa ku madera awiri osiyana kwambiri, anthu ake unagawidwa "misasa". Center ankaona dera lonse. Only mu Pridnestrovie unachitikira ndi maganizo osiyana. MSSR yamalamulo anatenga "Chikhazikitso cha wodzilamulira" omwe amapha zotsatira za lamulo pa mapangidwe mabwalo mu Union. Koma mchitidwe womwewo ngati anamasulidwa ku dera la Transdniestria asapita boma ndi dziko latsopano monga anaphatikizidwa yamalamulo Chimoludaviyani zimafika zochita zake. Mu Tiraspol, osati kusokonezedwa ndi kulengezedwa wachisanu November 1991 PMR (anenedwanso - ndi Pridnestrovian Republic Chimoludaviyani) kuti chidziwitso chawo chinali mbiri ndithu zomveka.

Administrative - Kupititsa magawano

PMR ndi mabwalo a unitary, tichipeza mayunitsi asanu utsogoleri. Iwo monga ogulitsira asanu ndi mizinda iwiri, kumvera ndi mabwalo. Iwo - Bender ndi Tiraspol. Dnestr Chimoludaviyani Republic (onani chithunzi pamwambapa) amakhazikitsa zizindikiro boma mwini. Flag ndi mbendera ndi wofiira Mzere wobiriwira pakati. Mu ngodya zili anawoloka nyundo ndi chikwakwa. M'gawo limeneli pali midzi isanu ndi midzi midzi mazana makumi atatu ndi okwerera sitima zinayi. Part wa midzi ndi pansi utsogoleli wa Moldova. Mu 2011, anthu kuposa mitundu zikwi mazana asanu ndi makumi asanu. Anthu ambiri (40%) amadziona Moldovans, Ukrainians - 26%, Russian - 24%. PMR boma amagwiritsa zilankhulo zitatu boma bwino kwa anthu a magulu akuluakulu yosiyanasiyana. chipembedzo Main - Christianity, ngakhale ntchito ndi magulu ena chikhulupiriro ofotokoza.

malo Hrs

Transdniestrian Republic of Moldova (khadi lake alendo m'nkhani) ndi mokwanira yopapatiza Mzere wa dziko sandwiched pakati Moldova ndi Ukraine. Iye alibe mwayi kwa nyanja. M'dera la dziko lino - 4163 makilomita lalikulu. Pakuyenerera: chakhumi cha zakale Chimoludaviyani Soviet Socialist Republic.

PMR Pulezidenti ntchito mu Tiraspol, likulu la dziko. Palinso zili mabungwe a boma. The mtunda ndi mosabisa, nthawi zina pamakhala milimo. Land wambiri zigwirizana makamaka nthaka wakuda. Nyengo kotentha chokhala, mvula sikokwanira, koma ulimi si zoipa, monga ambiri a mtsinje umayenda m'deralo - Dniester. Komanso, mchere ndipo ali ndi mabwalo. PMR kusiyana mchenga galasi, miyala ya miyala yomangira laimu. Pali ceramic dongo. M'nkhalango kuti ili otsetsereka wa Dniester Mtsinje zimapezeka Boar zakutchire, partridge, kalulu, otter, nkhandwe, ermine. Mtsinje kupereka nsomba ndi matupi madzi ndi Nsombazi.

Zosemphana ndi Moldova

Boma lonena losadziwika monga pachimake mbali ya kale Chimoludaviyani Soviet Socialist Republic, limene, mogwirizana ndi tanthauzo la UN, ali m'malo ake malamulo. Nkhondo kwa nthawi yaitali anayesa kuthetsa. dongosolo Moldova utsogoleri wa mtendere analengedwa, malinga ndi zimene PMR anali kupanga ake "asymmetric chitaganya". Ndipotu, chikalata anakana ufulu wa m'deralo, amene anali mwalamulo kukhala gawo la Moldova, ngakhale mphamvu lonse kuyambira. Tiraspol anakana pempholo chifukwa inachokera pa mfundo za demilitarization, ndi zosaloleka kwa anthu. Panali kuopseza koopsa zida.

Panopa, chitetezo imayendetsedwa ndi peacekeepers ndi, kudzera mwa Russian, Moldova ndi makonsolo asilikali. Ngakhale zokambirana zonse pansi pa mothandizidwa OSCE, kuti kuchepetsa mavuto a nkhondo ndi kosatheka kuti apindule. Yoweyula wotsiriza unali m'chaka cha 2014, pamene anthu wamba anatembenukira kwa pulezidenti wa Russia ndi pempho chigamulo pa inalowa la Russia ku PMR. mwambo umenewu zinachitika Crimea masika. Potengera anthu ankaganiza kuti adzakhala ndi mwayi kulumikiza kwawo mbiri. Back mu 2006, nainte seveni nzika anakuvoterani osati kupandukira Moldova, komanso kulowa zambiri la Russia. Pa nthawi yomweyo anakuvoterani peresenti makumi asanu ndi atatu omwe adzaponye chisanko. Koma referendum "kutukuka m'dera" anazindikira undemocratic.

PMR Pulezidenti

Dziko ali Constitution yake, imene ndiyo kuti ndi mawonekedwe linakhalapo. Malinga ndi lamulo yakuti, mutsogoleli PMR amusankha ndi voti mwachindunji. Chisankho umachitika pakapita zaka zisanu zilizonse. Pali zoletsa zina kuti lingagwiritsidwe ofuna. Udindo uwu akhoza ntchito kokha nzika ya Republic amene mfumukazi ya zaka makumi asanu, kuposa khumi a iwo mu dziko lino. Tsopano pulezidenti wa PMR wa - Shevchuk Yevgeny Vasilyevich. Iwo ali kuloŵedwa m'malo, amene wagwira ntchito ku udindo uwu kwa zaka makumi awiri. Iwo Smirnov Igor Nikolaevich, amene gawo wakhala waponya mabvuto pamene akukhala mu dziko si yachibadwa. Chisankho cha Pulezident chatha anali mu 2011.

chuma

Ngakhale kuti pali chachikulu mabizinezi mafakitale, iwo musataye munthu ndalama mu dziko. Mwa mavuto amene amatchulidwa mu udindo woyamba wa boma. Si anazindikira kuti chindiletsa kumanga zikulumikizana zachuma ndi kugwira nawo ntchito yaikulu. Yopanga makampani amagulitsidwa pa malire a Ukraine ndi Russia. Last PMR wapitiriza thandizo. Mwachitsanzo, malo ambiri amasonyeza likukulirakulira kwako ya boma yosadziwika mpweya (peresenti 400 GDP). Ndalama Transnistria - ndi Transnistrian ruble. Iwo anayamba kubala mu 2005. Kupezeka ndi ngongole chipembedzo 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200 ndi 500 rubles. Palinso ndalama za Pridnestrovian Republic Chimoludaviyani, motere: 5, 10, 25 ndi 50 masenti. Dongosolo banki, komanso m'mayiko ena awiri gawo. The choyamba - bungwe dziko, wachiwiri - malonda. Ndalama ya Pridnestrovian Republic Chimoludaviyani ananenedwanso yekha m'gawo lake. Kumakhudzana ndi udindo womwewo wa boma yosadziwika.

kuthekera zokopa alendo

Republic akuyesera kuti akope ndalama. Pulogalamu yapadera imeneyi. mfundo zimenezi kumathandiza kuti malo aakulu ndi bwino anayamba zoyendera dongosolo la boma. Komanso, pali midzi amene akhala wolemera. Waukulu wa iwo - Kamenka, pamene pali zambiri mapulani zipilala. Pakati pawo: mipingo, masitepe ndi kosungira vinyo. Anthu mokondwera kusonyeza alendo Manor Field polimbana P. H. Vitgenshteyna, limene mbali anasunga mu mzinda. Mu PMR (chithunzi) chilengedwe malo - "Iagorlic". Panopa ankaona kuti n'zotheka chitukuko zokopa alendo m'dziko wobiriwira, limene mphamvu zokwanira. Alendo amalangiza kwenikweni Mpingo St. Paraskeva la Chisebiya, limene lili m'mudzi wa Valea Adîncă owonetsera zakale zovuta "Bendery Linga". M'dzikoli muli zifukwa amanyadira paleontological zovuta "Kolkotovaya mtengo" ndi zachilengedwe ofunika zofunika dziko.

zodzitetezera pa umoyo

PMR boma limalipira mwatcheru nkhani ya maphunziro ndi thanzi. A maphunziro naini chaka ndi mokakamizidwa. Total mu dziko umagwira makumi asanu ndi atatu mphambu zinayi zana sukulu (sikisi - payekha). Mu sate-firii kuphunzitsa chinenero Moldova, atatu - mu Ukraine, mu zina - mu Russian. The TMR atatu State University, kuwonjezera, pali nthambi mayunivesite Russian ndi Ukraine. Mwachitsanzo, University (sukulu moyo) analembetsa ophunzira khumi zikwi. Achinyamata angathe kupeza maphunziro apamwamba ku Russia, amene amazindikira satifiketi awo. Chisamaliro chaumoyo ukugwira ntchito kupyolera ndalama pagulu. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, pano tili handiredi ndi twente ndipo zana zachipatala mabedi pa anthu zikwi khumi. Pali malo utumiki siyana zina za nzika, kuphatikizapo akazi ndi amayi ndi ana, olumala World nkhondo II.

malonda

State wolowa eni mankhwala ndi zipangizo. Dama simenti, miyala, mchenga. More pa wolowa ndi katundu wa zitsulo akakhala, luso lopanga, mphamvu ndi nsalu. Kwambiri mankhwala ndi kunyeketsa Russian Federation ndi Ukraine. Koma palinso abwenzi ochokera m'mayiko. Izi Syria ndi Turkey, Serbia ndi Romania, pafupifupi mazana mayiko. PMR imports yemweyo gasi feedstock kwa makampani zitsulo, mankhwala mafuta processing. Dziko opangidwa zigawo zikuluzikulu zokwanira luso lopanga, iwonso kuti kunja.

Komanso, mankhwala ena chakudya kunja ochokera m'mayiko (makamaka mankhwala nyama). The ogulitsa chachikulu ndi Russia ndi Kazakhstan mabizinezi a Moldova ndi Germany, Ukraine ndi Italy. boma ndi nkhawa kuti imports kwambiri upambana zogulitsa kunja kwa dziko. Zimenezi ndi zoona makamaka chakudya. Pulogalamu kukhala ubongo wawo, zinthu zachilengedwe ndi yabwino.

chiphunzitso asilikali

The TMR ali ake ankhondo mwini nkhondo, analenga basi kuteteza malire ace ku mokwiya kunja. Asilikali Chiphunzitso cha Republic limaoneka ngati chinthu kumbuyo. Mwatsoka, asilikali akupita kusonyeza mokwiya yapafupi mnansi - Moldova. Kapangidwe tichipeza asilikali pansi, malire, mkati ndi Air Force. Komanso, anakhazikitsa zaufulu Cossack formations. Limalamula ankhondo, Pulezidenti wa PMR. Republic ananena yokha boma ndale. Ku nyumba iliyonse, sakuikamo ndipo sakufuna kulowa. asilikali ndi kulembedwa ntchito pa maziko yolembedwa usilikali chilengedwe chonse, ndi mayunitsi Cossack - pa maziko kwawo. Kuti De-escalate mavuto m'dera Transnistria la Moldova mobwerezabwereza akatulukire kwa mwatsatanetsatane kusunga demarcation ya malire ndi chiyambi cha Kusiya. kumvetsa sichinayambe anafika pa nkhani imeneyi. Mabwalo ndi Sikuyenda Gulu la asilikali Russian. cholinga chake chachikulu - kutetezeredwa arsenals zaka za thupi lina la Soviet Army.