Chiyambi ndi mbiri ya kutsetsereka

Skiing unachokera mu Scandinavia ku Middle Ages. Ngakhale mu zolembedwa mu 1700 limafotokoza mafuko pa zipangizo outdid patatha wagering. Izi zinali mwina mpikisano choyamba.

Mwalamulo, mbiri ya kutsetsereka anayamba a chitetezo Utumiki wa Norway. Othamanga chuma zipangizo analimbikitsa kulemba anthu usilikali mu magulu ski. Hans Emahuzenom mu 1733 linasindikizidwa kulangiza kwa asilikali pa maphunziro ski ndi kukondera masewera. Anali malamulo woyamba kupikisana ski, omwe unachitikira mu 1767 kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana chokumanako panopa slalom, Masewerera a Biathlon, kutsetsereka ndi kutsikatsika. Top othamanga akhala kupereka. Kulimbikitsa mtanda dziko kutsetsereka ku Oslo mu 1814, tinachita msonkhano masewera ndi asilikali review a anthu wamba dziko.

Mbiri wachuma wa kutsetsereka, kuyambira ku Norway, analandira chitukuko mofulumira mayiko onse akuluakulu a dziko. Pambuyo kukonza mu 1877 woyamba Norway ski masewera anthu kwa zaka zoposa 20 padziko lonse ali ndi ofanana masewera zibonga. Zinachitikira woyamba adakwatira pa Finland, mu 1883 - Hungary, 1891 - Austria ndi Switzerland mu 1803 - Germany ndi Italy, mu 1895 - Sweden ndi Russia, mu 1900 - United States ndi Bulgaria, mu 1902 ga - England, mu 1912 - Japan.

Kwambiri chopereka kwa kutsetsereka anapanga ofufuza Arctic: .. Adolf Nordenskiöld mu 1883-1884 biennium, Fridtjof Nansen pa kusintha kuti Masewerera a Ski kudutsa Greenland mu 1889, Roald Amundsen mu 1910-1911, pa ulendo ku South Pole, pamene ophunzira anali makilomita oposa 2,800 pa zipangizo. Mu XIX mochedwa - oyambirira XX zaka. mpikisano anayamba zonse zikuchitika m'mayiko onse akuluakulu a dziko. Komabe, malangizo a chitukuko cha mitundu mmaiko osiyana zinali zosiyana. Norway ali kusanduka leaps, akuyenda mtanda dziko ndi Masewerera a Biathlon. Mu Finland, patsogolo wakhala kutsetsereka m'Chigwa. Mountain maganizo anthu ambiri m'mayiko Alpine. Mu US, chitukuko cha specialization masewera mukopedwe atsamunda Denmark. m'dera Masewerera a Ski, mchikakamizo cha mabogi ku Austria, anali kutsetsereka ku Japan.

Latsopano Kankhani mbiri ya kutsetsereka wabweza pambuyo la International Masewerera a Ski Congress, ndi nawo maiko 10 mu 1910, ku Oslo. Kukhazikika pano mayiko Commission Masewerera a Ski anali reorganized mu 1924 mu mayiko Masewerera a Ski Federation (FIS) wakhala akufunafuna mwakhama ochitidwa ndi mpikisano World ski, kuphatikizapo mitundu yonse. Mu 1924, woyamba Games Zima Olympic mu 1926 - Championship World, ndipo mu 1928 - ndi Universiade.

Kukula kwa kutsetsereka ku Russia

mbiri Russian wa kutsetsereka idayamba m'ma XIX. othamanga Russian kwa nthawi yaitali wabwino monga yachilendo, chifukwa chitukuko inali yowawa, maphunziro ski mafizowa kwambiri zimasangalatsa. The mpikisano woyamba adakwatira malo February 13 1894 ku St. Petersburg. The Moscow club skiers (MCL) anaonekera mu 1894 ndi wopangidwa ndi chaka choyamba okwana mamembala 36. Masewerera a Ski otsatira kulimbikitsa chilakolako chawo mu Moscow ndiponso mizinda ina, kukopa kuti tithe ake mamembala atsopano yogwira. Club "kumalo ozizira Star" mu St. Petersburg anali pafupi kuzikwanitsa.

Chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwa zipangizo masewera khomo misa mu kalabu ski anali sichikupezeka. Ngakhale kulengedwa kwa zibonga latsopano ski ku St. Petersburg, Moscow, Ryazan, Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Smolensk, Tula ndiponso mizinda ina pa chiyambi cha XX atumwi. kutsetsereka sakanakhoza kulowa yogawa lonse mu Russia. Only pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa mu 1910 wa Moscow mgwirizano lyzhebezhtsev (MLL), zomwe zimabweretsa pamodzi zibonga 10 pomwepo, ndipo posakhalitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Union Onse-Russian wa skiers chawonjezeka chiwerengero cha zochitika, ndi mwayi Co-zapadera kayendedwe ka dziko ski.

Pakali pano, vuto kutsetsereka Russia ndi ukasintha osiyana. Iwo akhoza bwinobwino amati ndi masewera misa, makamaka m'madera ski. othamanga athu akutenga nawo mbali pa mpikisano onse aakulu, ndipo pa ndime ndi atsogoleri kupikisana kwa n'kulandira mendulo ya golidi.

Mitundu khalidwe la kutsetsereka

Mu kutsetsereka monga kutsikatsika kutsetsereka, mtanda dziko kutsetsereka pa mtunda wa amayesetsa zosiyanasiyana kuzikwatula (mpikisano ndi kulumpha) kulumpha. mitundu Conventionally kupikisana pa mtanda dziko kutsetsereka akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu kumpoto, mitundu ya m'mapiri, Freestyle ndi snowboarding.

mitundu kumpoto zigwirizana mtanda dziko kutsetsereka, Masewerera a Ski Jumping, orienteering, ski Masewerera a Biathlon kapena Masewerera a Nordic kuphatikiza. mitundu Alpine - zonse zimene zimapangitsa kutsetsereka: slalom, chimphona slalom, kutsikatsika, Super Giant Slalom, Alps kutsetsereka pamodzi. Otchedwa Freestyle kutsikatsika otsetsereka ndi ntchito zinthu tumbling ndi kuvina kutsetsereka. Potsetsereka - ndi mbadwa pa bolodi wapadera.

Palinso kotereku kutsetsereka monga Masewerera a Biathlon, skitour, maulendo ski, ski orienteering, ski mapiri. Kutsetsereka zodabwitsa osiyanasiyana ndi wolemera mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Aliyense kusankha okha yoyenera kuti adzakwaniritsa zosowa ndi luso lawo. Komanso, ndi masewera lolimbitsa thanzi ndipo akubweretsa zambiri zosangalatsa.