Chitaliyana zamaganizo Lombrozo Chezare: yonena, mabuku, ntchito ndi zina zomwe

Lombrozo Chezare - wotchuka criminologist, zamaganizo ndi Katswiri. Iye ndi woyambitsa wa sukulu ku Italy Anthropology chigawenga. M'nkhaniyi, yonena lake adzakhala anafotokoza.

Youth ndi maphunziro

Lombrozo Chezare anabadwa mu Verona mu 1836. banja la mnyamatayo anali olemera ndithu, monga anali zokwana kwambiri m'dziko. Mu unyamata wake, Cesare anaphunzira Chinese ndi zinenero Ayuda. Koma analephera kuti ntchito bata. Mapeto a linga pa mlandu chiwembu, kulandidwa chuma, kuchita nawo nkhondo kudzutsidwa pa mnyamata chidwi maganizo. Nkhani yoyamba pa nkhani lofalitsidwa mu Cesare zaka 19, kudutsa mphamvu mankhwala a maphunziro (University of Pavia). Iwo ankalankhula za tsogolo vuto zamaganizo cretinism. Mnyamata anaphunzitsa mwini nkhani zovuta monga ukhondo chikhalidwe ndi ethnolinguistics. Mu 1862 iye analimbikitsa kuti pulofesa wa mankhwala, ndipo kenako - pa Anthropology chigawenga ndi maganizo malamulo. Lombroso anachititsanso chipatala matenda a maganizo. A mbali yofunika kwambiri mapangidwe ake aluntha ankaimba nzeru za positivism. zopanda Aika - chiyanjo cha patsogolo kwa sayansi, umene analandira experimentally.

anthropological malangizo

Chezare Lombrozo tate wa mumaganiza anthropological pa malamulo a boma ndi milandu. Mbali yaikulu ya kukuchititsa zimenezi kuti milandu alowe njira ya sayansi zachilengedwe - kuonetsetsa ndi zinachitikira. Ndipo adzadziwire lobadwa pa ayenera kukhala malo kuphunzira.

Woyamba maphunziro anthropometric

Iwo anakhazikitsidwa asayansi mu 60s za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi. Cesare anali kugwira ntchito dokotala, ndiponso nawo kampani pofuna kuthetseratu banditry kum'mwera kwa Italy. Atasonkhana Pulofesa zinthu zowerengera wakhala chopereka zikuluzikulu chitukuko cha Anthropology chigawenga ndi chisamaliro chikhalidwe. Wasayansi kusanthula umboni wazotsatira ponena kuti osauka zinthu umoyo ndi zachuma kum'mwera kwa Italy, chinathandiza kubadwa m'dera lino anthu maganizo ndi anatomically mtundu anomalous. M'mawu ena, izi ndi wamba chigawenga umunthu. anomaly Izi Cesare kuwululidwa mwa Kupenda Psychiatric ndi anthropometric. Pa mfundo imeneyi, ndipo anapangidwa m'tsogolo ziyenera a mphamvu za umbanda. ulaliki wake wasayansi cilamulo anatsutsa akuluakulu a milandu, amene wawaika udindo pa munthu amene waphwanya lamulo.

craniography

Lombroso, woyambirira ofufuza za ntchito anthropometric njira ntchito craniography. Cesare chipangizo Izi amaona kukula kwa mutu ndi munthu ankaganizira. Zotsatira zinatuluka mwa iye ntchito "Anthropometry 400 olakwa", limene linatuluka mu 1872.

Chiphunzitso cha "chigawenga kubadwa"

Wasayansi anakonza mu 1876. Zinali anasiya ntchito yake "Munthu wachifwamba." Cesare amakhulupirira kuti olakwa simukhala, ndicho anabadwa. Kuti ali, malingana Lombroso, mlandu - komanso ndi chodabwitsa achilengedwe, imfa kapena kubadwa. Katswiriyu anazindikira izi amayerekezera zotsatira za maphunziro a nthenda zamaganizo, Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa ndi thunthu la zigawenga ndi awo deta anthropometric. Malinga ndi iye, wopalamulayo ndi otsika, ndi zomwe zikutsalirazi kumbuyo chitukuko cha zamoyo wa munthu wabwinobwino. Oterewa sangathe kuletsa khalidwe lawo, ndi njira yabwino - kuchotsa iye, kuwamana moyo kapena ufulu.

Palinso gulu la olakwa, kukonza ndi Cesare Lombroso. Mitundu ya oipa, mu maganizo ake ndi akuti: mbala, ogwiririra, akuba, ndi ambanda. Aliyense ali titadziwa makhalidwe atavistic chikhalidwe akusonyeza pamaso pa propensity chigawenga ndi slippage mu chitukuko. Professor allocated stigmata (maonekedwe) ndi makhalidwe maganizo, pamaso pa zimene zingakuthandizeni kudziwa munthu, kuvekedwa ndi kubadwa kwa zizolowezi chigawenga. Zikuluzikulu za umunthu wa wolakwayo Cesare ankaganizira Mwachidule sidelong, nsagwada lalikulu, otsika mphumi, wogwa mphuno yake, ndi zina zotero. D. kufika kwawo limachititsa kudziwa lobadwa patsogolo ntchito za upandu yokha. Pa nkhani imeneyi, wasayansi akufuna kukopa oweruza a akatswiri, Akatswiri a zachikhalidwe ndi madotolo, ndi funso mlandu m'malo funso la harmfulness chikhalidwe.

Mwa njira, pa mphindi miyezo anthropometric anapangidwa pafupifupi maiko onse a dziko lapansi. Ndipo ndi zina osati kwa mabungwe a chitetezo ndi asilikali. Mwachitsanzo, kudziŵa anthropometry zofunika pomanga zinthu zosakhudzana ndi zinthu, komanso kuphunzira misika ntchito (ogwira ntchito).

chiphunzitso kuipa

Cesare Lombroso maganizo sayansi anali kwakukulu ndithu ndipo alibe kuganizira zinthu zokhudza umbanda. Choncho, chiphunzitso cha wasayansi anali ongoyendayenda kutsutsa lakuthwa. Cesare ngakhale anali pansi udindo wake. Mu ntchito zake kenako n'chinthu chofunikira mtundu titadziwa anthropological, 40% ya olakwa. Komanso, wasayansi anazindikira kufunika sanali cholowa - sociological ndi psychopathological - zimayambitsa upandu. Pa mfundo imeneyi, zikhoza kutchedwa chiphunzitso biosotsiologicheskoy.

"Genius ndi misala"

Mwina ntchito wotchuka Chezare Lombrozo. "Genius ndi misala" linalembedwa ndi iye mu 1895. Mu buku lino, pulofesa atapereka nkhani yolembedwa wina waukulu. Lembali limati: "The namatetule - ichi nthenda ntchito ubongo, zomwe malire ndi psychosis khunyu." Cesare analemba kuti physiologically ofanana geniuses ndi atanganidwa ndi zodabwitsa chabe. Iwo analondoloza anachita zomwezo zochitika mumlengalenga, ndipo chibadwa ndi mtundu bwanji kubadwa wawo mwanjira yomweyo. geniuses ambiri anali misala. Izi zinaphatikizapo: Schopenhauer, Rousseau, Newton, Swift, Cardano, Tasso, Schumann, Comte, mikuza mawu ndi angapo aluso ndi asangalatsi. Mu zakumapeto m'buku lake Lombroso anafotokoza kuvutika kwa geniuses chigaza ndi anapereka zitsanzo za ntchito mabuku a openga olemba.

Sociology, upandu andale

chidutswa wake chidali ya cholowa mu mawonekedwe a kafukufuku, Cesare anachoka chilangochi. "N'ngopandukira" nkhani ndi "Kukwera ndale ndi umbanda" - ntchito awiri awa, olembedwa pa nkhaniyi. Ntchito izi n'ngotchukabe kunyumba wasayansi. The chodabwitsa cha upandu ndale zofala Italy 19-20 m'ma mu mawonekedwe a uchigawenga anarchist. Professor anafufuza m'njira, kuganizira wopalamulayo, amene amafuna zoyenera yabwino n'komwe za chilungamo chikhalidwe. Chikhalidwe cha Khalidwe wasayansi anafotokoza depreciation zolinga zapamwamba chilungamo chikhalidwe, katangale andale ndi vuto la demokalase ku Italy yamalamulo.

ntchito ina yotchuka ya Cesare Lombroso - "Chikondi amisala wa." Limavumbula chiwonetsero cha malingaliro a anthu wadwala matenda okhudza ubongo.

Chiyambi kulamulira zochita zokhudza thupi

Cesare Lombroso, amene mabuku wotchuka padziko lonse lapansi, wakhala oyamba ntchito mu sayansi azamalamulo kukwaniritsa Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa. Mu 1880, asayansi anayamba kuyeza akuwakayikira kugunda kwa mtima ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi pa ndondomeko mafunso. Motero, iye mosavuta kuzindikira kuthekera chigawenga ligona kapena ayi. chipangizo A chifukwa kuthamanga kuyeza ndi zimachitika otchedwa ...

plethysmograph

Mu 1895, Lombrozo Chezare lofalitsidwa zotsatira analandira pambuyo ntchito zida zasayansi pa mafunso. Mu umodzi wa maphunziro awa pulofesa ntchito "plethysmograph". Kuyesa zinachitika motere: a akuganiza kupha anafuna kupanga maganizo mndandanda wa masamu. Pankhaniyi, chipangizo zikugwirizana olembedwa zimachitika. Ndiye zigawenga angathe asonyeza zithunzi zingapo za ana anavulazidwa (pakati pawo panali ntalawa wa mtsikana anaphedwa). Mbali yoyamba, zimachitika wake analumpha, ndipo chachiwiri chinali pafupi mwakale. Kuyambira Cesare izi anapeza kuti anali wosachimwa ndi akuganiza a. Ndipo zotsatira za kufufuza za apeza zimatsimikizira kuti iye anali kulondola. Zinali mwina woyamba wolembedwa choncho mabuku a ntchito chowunikira bodza, zomwe zinachititsa kuti sanam'peze ndi mlandu. Ndipo iye ananena kuti kuwunika zochita anthu thupi akhoza osati zinsinsi za n'kuwabisa, komanso kukhazikitsa wosachimwa.

Scientist anafa Turin mu 1909.

Lombroso ku Russia

malingaliro milandu pulofesa anali wotchuka m'dziko lathu. Iwo ankaimira angapo a moyo wake ndipo Mabaibulo posthumous wa Cesare Lombroso: "Mkazi chigawenga ndi hule", "Anti-Semitism", "n'ngopandukira," etc. Mu 1897, wasayansi anafika Congress madokotala Russian amene anali Chitaliyana wosangalatsidwa phwando. Mu Maulendo Ake, Cesare anasonyeza kuti nthawi ya mbiri yake. Iye anamnyoza kuti anthu ambiri Russian nkhanza apolisi ( "chikhalidwe cha yimitsira, chikumbumtima, umunthu maganizo") ndi authoritarianism.

Lombrozianstvo

akuti inafalitsidwa mu nyengo ya Soviet pamodzi ndi malangizo anthropological sukulu ya malamulo a boma. Makamaka anatsutsa ziphunzitso za Cesare A chigawenga anabadwa. jurists Soviet ankakhulupirira kuti njira yotere chosiyana mfundo kumbali, komanso kuloza reactionary ndi odana ndi dziko kuyambira anadzudzula kanthu chosintha anthu molakwika. Chotero nkani maganizo njira sanasamalidwe ambiri nyota pulofesa kuphunzira zimayambitsa wa Zionetsero ndi monyanyira mitundu ya kulimbana chikhalidwe.

Pomaliza

Ngakhale zolakwika komanso kutsutsa chilungamo cha ena n'kofunika chiphunzitso chake, Lombrozo Chezare - mmodzi wa asayansi wa m'zaka za chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi. Iye anali mpainiya kumayambiriro sayansi malamulo a njira cholinga. Koma ntchito yake anapatsidwa kutsogolera kwambiri kutukula wa zamaganizo malamulo ndi milandu.