Black ndi White mtundu ng'ombe: khalidwe

Mkaka zokolola za ng'ombe zimadalira maonekedwe a nyama zinthu, zaka komanso zinthu zina zambiri. Koma poyamba pa zonse - mtundu chiyambi. Pa dera la Russian ambiri kuyambira chiyambi cha m'ma chatha anali mtundu wakuda (akuda) ng'ombe, lomwe masiku ano ali ndi udindo kutsogolera.

maonekedwe

Mwa makhalidwe lenileni zokhudza kunja kwa nyama, ndithudi, ndi mtundu chachikulu. Ubweya nthawi zonse wakuda ndi woyera mtundu, osangalatsa kwambiri ndi wofewa kwambiri. Woonda khungu ndipamene makutu pang'ono m'thupi. Kumbuyo ndi tinsalu ziri chimodzimodzi molunjika mzere. Thupi elongated wa nyama ndi mimba m'malo bulky anayamba mofanana. Udder chikho zooneka ndi lobes asymmetric ndi kwambiri mwatcheru-spaced teats kumbuyo. miyendo amphamvu anapulumutsa mwachindunji. Thupi ng'ombe ayamba mofulumira. Ndi kulemera kwa makilogalamu 35 pa kubadwa kwa wachikulire kuti akulemera makilogalamu 470-550 ndi ponso masentimita 140 ng'ombe zamphongo kwambiri kovuta -. Kulemera kwa makilogalamu 850 kwa 900.

Features zimasokoneza

Black ndi White mtundu ng'ombe amatanthauza mkaka ndi nyama zina khalidwe ndi zogwira mtima ndithu. Funso "ndipo kwambiri ee ng'ombe akupereka mkaka" ndicho pamene potaya walakwitsa. mtundu umenewu akuti ndi wa asonyeza chiwerengero cha mkaka, mkaka zokolola zina kufika makilogalamu 7000 pa mkaka wa m'mawere.

Nyama ndi kusintha kwambiri zosiyanasiyana nyengo. Kuti zinthu zonse nyengo azolowere mofulumira, mosavuta kupirira ozizira ndi kutentha, thanzi labwino ndi dongosolo khola m'thupi, zikhoza kukhala nthawi yaitali msipu ndipo musawope kusintha kwinanso. The chakudya wodzichepetsa, Chofunika, kuti kunali chakudya - ngati msipu ndi nsipu ndi silage. Ndi zinthu zonse izi, alimi amakonda kuswana za mtundu umenewu.

magwero

Kukonda dziko lako Black ndi White mtundu ng'ombe ayipanga ndi obereketsa mu 30s zaka mazana makumi awiri. ng'ombe Local ochokera m'madera osiyanasiyana Russia anali anawoloka ndi ng'ombe Dutch. Ntchito amachitika mbali ziwiri: woyamba yokonza hybrids zosiyanasiyana, iwo panopa. The chilolezo cha boma ya Utumiki wa Agriculture, mtundu ngati palokha unalandira yekha mu 1959, kenako anayamba kufala osati dziko lathu komanso kunja, wakuda ndi oyera ng'ombe zimasokoneza.

zokolola

Great kufunika kwa chizindikiro ichi ndi ng'ombe kuswana dera. Mkaka mafuta okhutira peresenti 3.2-3.9, ndi mkulu pakhomo izo unkachitika mu ng'ombe Siberia, Estonia ndi Ukraine. Kuswana minda kudzitama ndi ofunika kuwachotsa, nthawi zina ukufika makilogalamu 6500. Kulimbana kwa otsogolera kupikisana pa magawo osiyanasiyana, alembe minda ndi boma ndi kukwaniritsa udoyu. Lembani chithunzi cha lero 10,000-12,000 kg. Chotero kuchuluka kwa mkaka pa mkaka wa m'mawere lero akhoza kupereka wakuda ndi woyera ng'ombe zimasokoneza. Zochita za nyama zokolola n'chosiyana kwambiri. 50 Only% zokolola za kupha nyama.

Pali mitundu yambiri ya mtundu umenewu, kusiyana ndi mbali zakunja kwa udoyu, malingana ndi malo kuswana. Pa Chiwerengerochi bwanji nyengo, mlingo wa ntchito kuswana mu dera ndi mtundu gwero la ziweto.

Zimaswana ng'ombe wa Chigawo chapakati cha Russia

Black ndi White mtundu ng'ombe mu gawo ili la Russia lili ndi makhalidwe yake. Izi ndi nyama zazikulu kwambiri. Ng'ombe ndi kulemera avareji makilogalamu 650 ndi zokolola mkulu (7500-8000 makilogalamu mkaka mafuta zili osachepera 3.6%). Ng'ombe zina kufika kulemera kwa makilogalamu 1000. Species analengedwa ndi kudutsa Mitundu m'deralo (Kholmogory, Yaroslavl neri Al.) Ndi German ndipo Dutch. Mitundu Inbreed zabweretsa ku Central Russia (Moscow, nepetsinsky ndi barybinsky) anali kudzipatula mu 2003-2004.

Zimaswana ng'ombe wa wakuda motley suti mu Urals ndi

nyama zimenezi kwambiri opepuka mtundu wa malamulo ali ogwirizana kwambiri ndipo ndi kukula kwa thupi penapake youma. Mtundu makamaka wakuda ndi mawanga woyera zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, yomwe ili m'thupi m'njira wachisokonezo. Makamaka ndi kudutsa Tagil miyala ndi woyera ng'ombe Baltic ndi anaonekera mu Urals, wakuda uyu akuda ng'ombe zimasokoneza. mkaka zokolola mbali yosiyaniranapo: mkaka zamafuta, kufika mpaka 4.0% mkaka zokolola sitinganene kuti lalikulu kwambiri. Ngakhale mu minda mafuko boma, iwo kawirikawiri upambana makilogalamu 5500. Mu 2003, ndi kudutsa ng'ombe Holstein ndi ng'ombe za wakuda motley mtundu obereketsa analenga interbreed mtundu - Ural.

Black ndi woyera ng'ombe Siberia

The chifukwa cha ng'ombe Dutch kuswana Siberia ndi zikamera wa nyama zazikulu ndi chachikulu masekeli mpaka makilogalamu 560. Zokolola ukulu mkaka ranges kuchokera 4500 mpaka 5000 makilogalamu, ndi kuswana minda ng'ombe angapereke ndi makilogalamu 8000. Mkaka ali amaposa mafuta. Mitundu Inbreed analengedwa Siberia (Priobsky, Ilmensky) bwino ndinazolowera nyengo ku Siberia.

Chifukwa majini a Holstein ng'ombe, makamaka kunja ndi kupanga mkaka akukhala kufanana kwambiri, amene ali wakuda akuda ng'ombe zimasokoneza. Photos nyama kuti angapezeke mu mabuku si wosiyana kwambiri, chifukwa kuli kovuta kudziwa - ayipanga zimasokoneza mu Siberia ndi Urals. Onsewo ndi malamulo ofanana kwambiri ndipo makamaka yamkaka mtundu Kuwonjezera.

Holstein mtundu ng'ombe

Kuwonjezera wakuda motley mtundu wa obereketsa zoweta ng'ombe kuti ntchito pa ntchito Holsteins awo. Poyamba ku Netherlands, nyama zimenezi, chifukwa cha ubwino wake yabwino, kufalitsa padziko lonse, makamaka wotchuka mu Germany kukhala. kulembetsa Official a mtundu anali mu 1983 mu North America. Masiku ano, iye ali kumeneko 90% ya chiwerengero cha ng'ombe ayipanga m'gawo. Amphamvu malamulo komanso chachonde mkulu akhala zizindikilo za yotchuka mtundu Holstein ng'ombe. Black ndi woyera mtundu wa nyama zimenezi ndilo, koma pali nthumwi za mtundu wakuda kwambiri ndipo ngakhale ofiira ndi variegated. kulemba White zambiri ili pa mimba, miyendo ndipo pa nsonga ya mchira.

Ng'ombe ndi mafupa, minofu bwino anayamba ndi mitundu momveka bwino mkaka. Calyciform udder losiyana mphamvu yaikulu. Per tsiku mkaka zokolola angafikire makilogalamu oposa 60, ndiponso kupanga pa mkaka wa m'mawere - 8000 kg. Pa msinkhu wa masentimita 150 ng'ombe angafikire yolemera makilogalamu 700, ng'ombe - pa makilogalamu 1100. Mwa kupereka apamwamba nyama zakudya, Chiwerengerochi angakhale ngakhale apamwamba. Ng'ombe ndi anabadwa akulemera makilogalamu 38 ndi 47. Zikhalidwe m'ndende oimira Holsteins ndi wovuta kwambiri, kotero muyenera kufikako nkhaniyi mosamala kwambiri. Iwo alibe mkulu nkhawa kulolerana, koma pa nthawi yomweyo wodzala ndi mopanda kuwononga zachilengedwe. M'nthawi ya chilimwe, monga chakudya chokwanira udzu kuti ng'ombe ndi pa akungoyendayenda, koma mu nthawi yozizira m'pofunika ntchito legume udzu mu zakudya, soya chakudya ndi chimanga.

Yaroslavl mtundu ng'ombe

Iwo anachokera mu Province Yaroslavl ndi kusankha ng'ombe m'deralo, amene nalo dzina lake. mtundu umenewu ndi limodzi mwa mabuku akale mu Russia, ndi lero koposa m'malo ndi ena, ndi zokolola apamwamba. Izi wakuda ndi woyera ng'ombe zimasokoneza ndi zosiyana pang'ono okhota kukula kwa thupi, yopapatiza chifuwa ndi minofu underdeveloped. The peculiarity wa suti ya mtundu Yaroslavl ndi lalikulu mtundu wakuda ndi mawanga yaing'ono woyera pa mutu, pamimba ndi malekezero. Nyama aafupi, kuti asapitirire masentimita 127 pa zinafota ndi kulemera kawirikawiri upambana makilogalamu 500. Bwino anayamba udder anamaliza mawonekedwe amapereka mkulu mkaka zokolola - 6000 makilogalamu, okhutira mafuta 4.2-5.2%.

Today Yaroslavl zimasokoneza chifukwa cha ntchito yawo ofooka sikuchokeranso kufunika zachuma monga kale. Chiwerengero cha ake yafupika, koma, ngakhale, ndi wofunika kwambiri pa kuswana. Choncho, chifukwa interbreeding ndi yaroslavok Holstein ng'ombe, mtundu watsopano wa Yaroslavl zimasokoneza - St. Michael, ndi mkulu kupanga mkaka. Komanso, nyama zimenezi zimasiyana precocity, moyo wautali, zosavuta kuti azolowere zinthu m'deralo.

Ndipo mu payekha gawo lero ambiri mu wakuda ndi woyera ng'ombe zimasokoneza. Reviews kuti eni angapo ubwino pa wina aliyense. Kuswana ntchito, zomwe nthawi zonse ikuchitika masiku ano ndi mtundu umenewu, cholinga chake polenga nyama zazikulu, ndi amadwala zokolola ndi kukonza zolakwika zonse kunja kwa.