Batala batala wamba 72,5% ya kapangidwe ndi ndemanga pa opanga

Batala lero mpake m'gulu mndandanda wa uphungu wofunikira. Koma masitolo mankhwala kwake zosiyanasiyana zimenezi mitundu kuti wogula wamba kwa nthawi yaitali ndi kukhumuditsidwa. The osiyanasiyana mankhwala zikuphatikizapo kirimu ndi batala wamba. Zimene ali zikuchokera malinga GOST, mosiyana ndi mtundu wina, ndipo ndani, ife kuphimba m'nkhani ino.

Nkhani ya batala

History of batala amabwerera kuposa zaka, koma mfundo chidwi yakuti mankhwala, makolo athu sanagwiritse ntchito kudya. Mu India, icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa miyambo ya chipembedzo ndi nsembe ku Greece ndi Rome mankhwala zolinga, makamaka zochizira matenda khungu. Batala kugulitsa yekha mu pharmacies. Monga chakudya mankhwala anayamba kutulutsa pafupifupi m'zaka VIII-IX ku Scandinavia, ndi m'zaka za zana XII izo kunja kuchokera kuno ku mayiko ena.

Pa nthawi ya Peter ku Russia ghee anali kufalitsa chifukwa chosowa refrigerators kuwonongeka wayamba kulawa zowawa. Kenako anayamba kuitanitsa batala ku Baltic ndi mayiko a ku Scandinavia. Mu Russia, mankhwala mpaka m'ma XIX, pafupifupi sanapange chifukwa chitukuko osakwanira wa ulimi nyama. Koma chifukwa wotchuka cheesemaker Nikolai Vereshchagin zinthu zasintha kwambiri.

Mu 1870 pa chionetsero mu Paris Russian wasayansi mwayi woti yesani Norman mafuta, chomwe chidwi iye ndi kukoma wake nutty ndi fungo, kuti anasankha onetsetsani kuti akonze mankhwala yemweyo kwawo. Choncho panali wotchuka Vologda, ndiyeno mafuta wamba, komanso ena mitundu ina. Lero, mankhwala chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphikira, ndi ntchito zake mu mawonekedwe woyera pa masangweji ndi phala.

Mitundu ya batala

M'kagulu batala kuchokera angapo malo.

Malinga ndi kutsitsimuka kirimu ntchito:

• lokoma ndi batala - yopangidwa kuchokera mwatsopano pasteurized kirimu;
• otukuka batala - yopangidwa kuchokera kirimu thovu ndi wapadera lactic asidi sitata mabakiteriya, choncho ali ndi kukoma chosiyana ndi fungo.

Malinga ndi kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa mchere mu zikuchokera amadziŵika:

• mchere;
• unsalted batala.

Malinga ndi mafuta zili (chiwerengero cha mafuta zikuchokera) ndi mafuta:

• Traditional (82.5%);
• Zofufuzafufuza (80%);
• Dziko (72.5%);
• sangweji (61%);
• tiyi (50%).

Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya mafuta analandira chifukwa cha pasteurization a kirimu pa kutentha madigiri 85-90. Zosiyana ndi chikhalidwe Vologodskoe mafuta, amene kupanga kirimu anabweretsa kuwira pafupi, i.e. ali pasteurized pa kutentha madigiri 98.

Kirimu amachita Mukalongosola batala ndi mafuta zili 98%. Komabe, pafupifupi mulibe zinthu aliyense biologically yogwira.

Mafuta wamba: GOST, mitundu kufotokoza

Wamba otchedwa mafuta amene okhutira mafuta 72,5%, ndi chinyezi wa chotsirizidwa si upambana 25%. Ndi lokoma ndi poterera ndi wowawasa kirimu ndi mchere ndi unsalted. Pangani batala wamba monga GOST 52253-2004. Palinso angapo zikalata zina zolimbana lolamulira khalidwe la mankhwala.

mafuta wamba ndi apamwamba kwambiri komanso loyamba kalasi. Kusiyana mankhwala amenewa anafotokoza osati kukoma komanso maonekedwe. Umafunika kalasi mafuta ali osiyana poterera kukoma kwa pasteurized mkaka fungo. Pamwamba slaboblestyaschey ayenera kukhala yosalala, youma mawonekedwe koma analola ndi madontho umodzi chinyezi. mafuta mtundu akhoza osiyanasiyana monga woyera kuti azioneka chikasu, koma ayenera kukhala yunifolomu pamwamba lonse. sitandade mankhwala zambiri kutha pamene kudula ndipo ali heterogeneity ena mwa kulemera.

Kupanga mafuta wamba sanasambitsidwe ndi madzi. Njira imeneyi zimathandiza inu muyenera kutchula zonse zofunika mu utumiki ndipo m'mbuyo njira makutidwe ndi okosijeni kuti zimachitika mwa mankhwala.

The zikuchokera mafuta wamba monga GOST

Pa ma CD mafuta umafunika kalasi motero kuti wapangidwa ndi kirimu pasteurized. Ndipotu, malinga ndi chuma GOST 52969-2008 yaiwisi wamba mafuta osati zonona, komanso:

• mkaka zachilengedwe ng'ombe;
• kutungira mkaka;
• sekondale yaiwisi mkaka buttermilk analandira kupanga mafuta wokoma;
• youma zachilengedwe ndipo amayengapo mkaka ufa ;
• lactic asidi mabakiteriya zikhalidwe tizilombo;
• mchere owonjezera kalasi;
• carotene utoto.

Kupanga mafuta zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zipangizo za m'banja ndi zina yaiwisi, kuphatikizapo chakudya zina inatha.

Mavitamini ndi zowonjezera zakudya

The zikuchokera batala mafuta wamba GOST kwenikweni monga mavitamini A (10 mg / kg), E (200 mg / kg) D (0.05 mg / kg). chiwerengero chawo ayenera kukhala mogwirizana kwambiri ndi malamulo okhazikika, sipangakhalenso kutsimikizika pa zasayansi kufufuza mankhwala.

Komanso mavitamini mafuta wamba batala wokoma (GOST) anawonjezera chakudya ochekenera carotene (3 mg / kg), mchere; kutetezera (asidi sorbic acid benzoic asidi, ndi mchere Hud), stabilizers ndi emulsifiers kugwirizana. chiwerengero sitiyenera olumpha malire analola kuti mtundu uwu wa zowonjezera chakudya.

Chakudya ndi mphamvu mtengo wa mafuta m'mphawi

Mafuta ndi thanzi ndithu. magalamu 100 mankhwala chokoma ndi wathanzi lili ngati mmene 748 zopatsa mphamvu. Wamba mafuta (72.5%), zikuchokera yemwe ali mmodzi wa wolemera kwambiri mu dziko, imakhala mitundu 150 osiyana zidulo mafuta, zimalimbikitsa ndi unsaturated (linoleic, oleic, linolenic). Ndi yotsirizira Zikatero, amapeza ndi mafuta zoipa m'thupi.

The poterera wamba mafuta lili mavitamini A, B _1, B _2, C, E. Komanso mankhwala lili mchere monga magnesium, kashiamu potassium ndi phosphorous. Kuchuluka kwa mafuta mu mafuta wamba limafanana ndi nusu Unyinji wa mafuta pa phukusi ndipo 72,5, chiwerengero cha mapuloteni ndi chakudya mu mankhwala ndi wofanana ndi khalidwe 0,7 ndi 1 motero.

Zothandiza zimatha batala m'mphawi

Anthu ambiri mwadala kukusalani kwa mafuta awo zakudya, chifukwa iwo akukhulupirira imakafika yekha ndi kuwonjezeka mlingo wa mafuta m'magazi ndi thupi wosatenga phindu. Komabe, zoona zake n'zakuti zimenezi si zoona. Mafuta wokoma batala m'mphawi ntchito mu pang'ono (palibe magilamu 10 patsiku) n'kofunika kumanga mpanda chotengera ndi kupanga mahomoni kugonana mkazi.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kirimu motere:

• zikusintha maselo thupi;
• kuchuluka luso aluntha a mwanayo;
• bwino khungu, tsitsi;
• pali kukula opindulitsa microflora m'matumbo;
• ndi wofooka chitetezo kumawonjezera.

Kodi kuonanso bwino mafuta kukumana alendo?

Malinga ndi GOST 52969-2008, batala anali ayesedwa ndi 20 kufika pamlingo. mfundo Organoleptic mafuta woyamba ndi kalasi apamwamba. Amaona apamwamba khalidwe mankhwala, adziwe zimene zimasiyanasiyana mu osiyanasiyana mfundo 17-20, kuphatikizapo kukoma ndi fungo mwa mfundo 8, kugwirizana kwa osachepera 4 mfundo mtundu 2 mfundo mfundo 3 ma CD. Batala wamba sitandade akuyerekezera kuti mfundo 11-16. Ngati mankhwala ali avareji mfundo zosakwana 11, kugulitsa, iye sayenera kuloledwa.

Ndi kukhazikitsa sanaloledwe mafuta ndi extraneous rancid, mwandele, yankhungu, zachitsulo fungo ndi kukoma, komanso zomatira kapena anagwa kugwirizana, yunifolomu mtundu, ndi ma CD zowonongeka. Mwa mfundo mankhwala, chiwerengero cha mafuta mu izo ayenera kufanana mtengo wa 72,5%, chinyezi 25% kwa unsalted ndi 24% mankhwala mchere.

Payokha kutsimikizidwa mafuta zikuchokera ndi misa kachigawo asalowe analola zina chakudya, kuphatikizapo colorants, oonetsera, mavitamini, stabilizers, emulsifiers ndi mchere; kutetezera.

Mafuta wamba: ndemanga makasitomala pa opanga

kafukufuku Market zasonyeza kuti ogula amafuna zopangidwa wamba mafuta monga "Vkusnoteevo" ndi "Kuban wamkaka". Malinga ndi iwo, kukoma chipatso cha zopangidwa awa ndi zambiri amatikumbutsa mafuta okongoletsedwa. Iwo ali bwino poterera kukoma ndi kununkhira kulitchula. Wokongola yunifolomu wotumbululuka chikasu ndipo lili ndi kugwirizana pulasitiki ndi 72,5% mafuta wamba chizindikiro "Ostankinskoe". Kukoma makasitomala adakonda kwambiri kuposa mankhwala a zopangidwa kale m'nkhaniyo.

Zoipa ndemanga kasitomala anachoka pa mafuta wamba zopangidwa "mkaka munda" ndi Ecomilk ". Folk tasters kudziŵika kuti mankhwala choyamba masamba ngokayikitsa m'kamwa ndi mafuta filimu pa mano, ndipo chachiwiri adakali fungo zachibadwa.

Kupereka cholinga ziyenera a mafuta wamba, mankhwala ankaimira zopangidwa watumidwa kwa zasayansi ndi liwunikidwenso.

Kuchokera pa maphunziro choyezera, "Dziko" batala

Kuchepetsa mtengo wa chotsirizidwa, opanga wosadalirika ali m'malo zachilengedwe mkaka mafuta ndi zotsikirako mtengo ndi zoipa masamba mafuta, monga kokonati kapena kanjedza. Izi basi monga unsalted batala m'mphawi "Mkaka Farm". deta Katswiri lifanane ndi maganizo a tasters otchuka.

Pa zasayansi kafukufuku wa mankhwala kulitsimikizira kapangidwe kake, komanso mankhwala zogwirizana ndi mfundo organoleptic. N'kofunika zili mafuta zidulo zofunika (oleic ndi ena). Mwa mankhwala pa msika zoweta, kuphatikizapo chiwerengero cha mafuta zidulo yopindulitsa ndi mtsogoleri mafuta "Dziko" mtundu "Little House m'mudzi."

Kodi kusankha batala wabwino

The malangizo m'munsizi zidzathandiza makasitomala kusankha batala kwenikweni apamwamba (osauka):

1. Werengani ma CD mosamala. Izo ziyenera kulembedwa kuti mafuta "m'mphawi batala 72,5% mafuta wokhutira." dzina, umene unali wovomerezeka ndi malamulo ndipo alembedwa mu alendo. mankhwala A ayenera mwachindunji yekha pasteurized kirimu kapena mkaka wa ng'ombe.
2. Chinanso chofunika ndi mtengo. Wamba batala mu phukusi masekeli magalamu 200 sangathe ndalama rubles zosakwana makumi asanu ndi awiri.
3. Posankha mafuta wamba mu sitolo ayenera kulabadira fungo la. Kuti tichite zimenezi, mukhoza kutsegula phukusi ndi fungo poterera misa. Zosasangalatsa fungo chachikondi, angachitire umboni kuti uyu ndi mankhwala olephera kapena achinyengo.

Tsimikizani khalidwe la mafuta anasankha akhoza kukhala kunyumba. Bwino anasankha mankhwala chimasungunula pamene usavutike pang'onopang'ono, mosiyana ndi kufalikira amene amayaka ndipo margarine, amene n'kukhala mafuta.