Zothandiza ndi zosangalatsa za njoka

Chotero kwambiri la nthano analenga chachinsinsi zachilendo zolengedwa, ngati njoka, anthu padziko lonse. Koma ngati ena a mitundu njoka - chinthu chopembedzedwa ndi deification, amene akuimira mphamvu, nzeru, watsopano, ena amaopa waukulu ndi kukwawa nyama. Nkhaniyi itithandiza kuuzidwa zoona zachilendo ndi chidwi za njoka.

Zimphona njoka dziko

Lero padziko lathuli, pali anthu oposa 3,000 mtundu wa njoka, ndipo pafupifupi 1,000 a iwo - chakupha. Kukula nyama zimenezi zingakhale yosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, Indonesia, kumadzulo kwa chilumba cha Sumatra anakwatulidwa zikuluzikulu tsiku, ndi Python, kutalika - 15 mamita.

Potsatira anaconda ndi boa ndi kutalika mamita 5 mpaka 6, ngakhale pali nthawi ndi mamita oposa 9. Kwa zaka zambiri, anthu a America South mantha ana ndi nthano zawo za njoka yokutidwa ndi zofiirira mawanga movutikira ndi moyo mu nyanja chete ndi madoko mtsinje. anaconda Kale otchedwa komanso madzi njoka, zomwe kwenikweni silimadzitsutsa choonadi: njoka Zimenezi wa subfamily wa boas, ndipo iye akonda madzi.

Other zosangalatsa za njoka kuthana ndi mitundu chakupha, motalikitsa pakati pawo ndi mfumu mamba, zomwe thupi kungakhale kwa mamita 6.

Koma mu USSR akale, nthumwi yaikulu zapoizoni ankaona mamba banja la njoka. Iwo akhoza kukula kwa mamita awiri yaitali mpaka makilogalamu 3.

Njoka kapena nyongolotsi?

Laling'ono njoka - microhylidae dvuhlineychataya (Leptotyphlops bilineata) - amakhala zilumba zimenezi Caribbean ngati Martinique, Santa Lucia, Barbados, ndipo m'litali kawirikawiri kuposa 10 cm nthumwi ina kakang'ono zapoizoni -. Slepun brahminic (Typhlops braminus), kapena potting njoka wa slepozmeek banja. Zosangalatsa za njoka za banja MUKACHULUKIDWE chakuti iwo kwenikweni ali akhungu chifukwa maso awo pafupifupi anatseka ndipo khungu underdeveloped. Komanso, slepuny amakonda kukhala miphika, anaika mu lachikondi la msewu kapena m'munda. Nyoka amakhala ku Asia South, kuzilumba za Pacific ndi nyanja ya Indian ndi miphika maluwa, ndipo anasamukira ku Hawaii Islands, Madagascar ndi Mexico.

Zachilendo mfundo za mafupa njoka

asayansi amakono kudziwa pafupifupi chilichonse za njoka, koma silimatha Timasangalalanso m'maganizo a dongosolo la mafupa awo. Mosiyana ndi nyama zina zonse, zokwawa alibe miyendo. Only pa toyesa ochuluka zedi boas mukhoza kupeza zokhudzana ndi mafupa a chiuno ndi miyendo yakumbuyo. Mwachindunji chigaza ndi akulowa thunthu, palibe kusiyana, kupatulapo kukula, pakati pa vertebrae mulibe zigawo zonse zisanu. Total vertebrae kungakhale 200 400. Chiwerengero cha m'mbali mwa njoka angafikire ku 200, ndipo ndi vertebrae a mafupa ndi ogwirizana ndi dongosolo la Mitsemphayi zotanuka ndi akatumba.

thunthu

No mfundo zochepa zosangalatsa za njoka tinapeza pamene tidzayamba kuphunzira kapangidwe ka ziwalo zawo mkati. Choncho, impso zapoizoni awa sali anaikidwa pa dzanja lamanja ndi lamanzere, titero, mmodzi - kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Koma njoka mtima amapita kwambiri ku malo awo oyambirira, amene kumathandiza kuti ndimeyi yachibadwa chakudya kuwameza kudzera matumbo.

Wina, m'malo zosayembekezereka, pafupi njoka: ali wogontha ku kumvetsa kwathu mawu, chifukwa likalowa m'makutu ndipo makutu pakati kuti kwathunthu atrophied. Wokhudza mimba pansi, zokwawa izi kugwira zosiyanasiyana Phokoso thupi ndi Phokoso, kuphatikizapo phokoso.

M'malo kusuntha njoka zinaphatikizidwa ndi mzake ndi poyela ngati magalasi zovuta, zikope. Iwo kuteteza maso zisaonongeke zosiyanasiyana njoka pa ulendo , kapena kokasaka.

Pamene pomenyana pakamwa njoka angathe chinatseguka 180 ^0. Nsagwada chapamwamba zapoizoni okonzeka ndi mizere iwiri, ndipo pansi - mzere wa mano. M'moyo onse, kuphatikizapo canines, zikusintha. Mano yaitali wotchuka African Gabon mamba iwo iye akhoza amakula 3 cm.

Kodi iwo kusaka?

Kumene, kukuuzani zonse za njoka mu nkhani ina sizigwira ntchito, koma pa njira anatiyangata kusaka payokha.

njira kusaka zimadalira mitundu imene limabweretsa chokwawa lapansi. anthu chakupha amakonda kudikira nyamazo abisalire, ndi kuchititsa molondola ndi kusala nkhonya, kupha wovulalayo. Ngati inu munaphonya njoka, ananena chakudya iye adzathamangitsa adani yaitali - mamita 1-3, ndiyeno kachiwiri amaundana chete, kuyembekezera. Koma mamba ndi virulence ake onse si nthawi zonse kukhala mu chiwembu: njoka Awa wakutheker kugonjetsa ataliatali pofunafuna nyama. Sandy EFA ndi Sitimayo inagunda mphiri akhoza zimalowa mu kamakumba una wa makoswe ndi apo kudya nyamazo, koma kusaka ndi abisalire amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Anthu amene alibe njoka, angodikira akuvutika awo anagwidwa ndi kumeza iwo kapena kutsatira njira ya strangulation. Njoka kumeza nyamazo moyo, koma pythons ndi boas kupha woberedwa, youmba mozungulira thupi lake ndipo pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera mphamvu ya mphete psinjika, malingana ngati iye sanafe wa asphyxiation. Pakuti kusaka nthawi njoka anawagawa:

• tsiku;
• madzulo;
• usiku.

njoka nyanja

zokwawa amenewa akupezeka poyambilira mu madzi otentha ofunda ya Pacific kumadzulo. Pakati Borneo ndi Singapore amakhala mitundu 27 yosiyanasiyana ya njoka nyanja. Madzi ku Australia m'mphepete mwa nyanja 21, ndi Great Barrier Reef - 14 mitundu zapoizoni m'madzi. Okwana pali pafupifupi 70 mitundu ya nyama zokwawa m'madzi.

Chinthu chidwi kwambiri za njoka kuti moyo m'nyanja, kuti, kupatula cherpahoobraznyh, iwo ndi owopsa ndipo angathe kuyambitsa mavuto aakulu kwa thanzi la munthu. Cherepahoobraznoy njoka nyanja si owopsa kwa anthu chifukwa iwo kudya mazira nsomba. Mchikakamizo cha zakudya izi mano awo lidzasinthidwa mbale imodzi, kotero kuti iwo akhale ngati kamba. Chiphe sangabereke iwo, ndi mano a jekeseni ake sali.