Zokolola sheya

zokolola ndi imodzi mwa mfundo zofunika kwambiri pa chiphunzitso ndalama. Mfundo ambiri mumayesto mphamvu ya ndalama iliyonse akhoza anakonza motere: ". The apamwamba ngozi, ndi apamwamba zokolola" The Investor amafuna azipeza zokolola za sheya mbiri kuti ali ndi wake, pamene kuchepetsa mavuto kugwirizana ndi umwini. Chotero, kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito amanena ntchito zimenezi, ndi Investor ayenera kukhala zida bwino adziwe n'zosangalatsa kumva mawu onse - zowopsa ndi profitability ya ndalama. Ndipo ngati vutoli, monga gulu la apamwamba, zovuta kwambiri formalize ndi kuchuluka kubwerera, kuphatikizapo zokolola kwa masheya a mitundu yosiyanasiyana, akhoza akuti ngakhale munthu alibe zambiri katundu ukatswiri.

Zokolola pa sheya kwenikweni ake akuimira kusintha kuchuluka mtengo wa masheya pa nthawi. Monga ulamuliro, nthawi kuthetsa kwa mtima adzabweranso ndi imodzi Chaka chino, ngakhale watsala pang'ono kutha mankhwala a pepala, chaka sichinathe.

chiphunzitso ndalama limatchula mitundu yambiri ya kubwerera. Poyamba ankagwiritsa ntchito chinthu choterocho monga panopa sheya zokolola. Iwo limanenedwa ngati chiŵerengero Muwerenge malipiro onse analandira ndi mwini pachaka chifukwa umwini wa masheya mbiri kuti phindu msika wa kalembera wa. Mwachionekere, njira imeneyi akhoza okhawo magawo umene n'zotheka lopeza malipiro (i.e., makamaka ankakonda katundu) ndi nsinga chidwi, kuonetsanso malipiro coupon. Ngakhale yooneka ngati yosavuta, njira imeneyi ali drawback kwambiri: zilibe chifukwa cha otaya ndalama, amene kwaiye (kapena kumachitika) chifukwa kukhazikitsa msika sekondale kapena kukhwima wa amabweretsera kakatundu issuer. N'zachionekere kuti, monga ulamuliro, ngakhale yaitali mwadzina nsinga kwambiri kuposa Uwerenge malipiro onse coupon yotentha ndi kwa nthawi ya mankhwala ake. Komanso njira zimenezi sizingathetsedwe ntchito kwa zida ofala ndalama monga nsinga kuchotsera.

deficiencies onsewa mosatsata wina chizindikiro cha profitability - zokolola kukhwima. Mwa njira, ine ndiyenera kuti chithunzi ichi chili mu IAS 39 kuwerengera phindu chilungamo cha sheya ngongole. Potsatira mfundo lonse, zomwezo analanda ambiri a dongosolo la mlandu mitundu m'mayiko olemera.

mlingo Izi ndi zabwino chifukwa amaganizira osati ndalama pachaka ku ndalama za umwini wa wodalirika, komanso zokolola za sheya, zimene Investor amalandira kapena wotaya chifukwa kuchotsera chifukwa kapena umafunika malipiro kupeza ndi amtengo chuma. Ndipo, pamene izo zifika kumatenga nthawi yaitali, chotero kuchotsera kapena umafunika amortized pa akuti otsala kukhwima a chitetezo. Njira imeneyi ndi zothandiza ngati mukufuna kudziwa Mwachitsanzo, zokolola pa nsinga boma, lomwe nthawi zambiri amakhala nthawi yaitali.

Mu kuwerengetsa zokolola kukhwima Investor ayenera kuona yekha ndi chizindikiro zinthu zofunika kwambiri monga mlingo chofunika adzabweranso. Amafuna mlingo wa kubwerera - zingati pa likulu, limene kuchokera ku mawonedwe a Investor, iwo akhoza kukwaniritsa mavuto kugwirizana ndi kusunga zinthu zimenezi. Choncho, ndi chizindikiro ichi amadziwa ngati chidwi mwankhanza ubale ndi ankagulitsa pa msika pa mtengo pamwamba kapena m'munsimu par. Mwachitsanzo, ngati chofunika mlingo wa kubwerera pamwamba mlingo wa pachaka coupon, ndiye kusiyana ndi Investor adzafunafuna zoperewerazo m'malo mwa kuchotsera pa mtengo mwadzina la nsinga. Ndipotu, ngati chofunika mlingo wa kubwerera poyerekeza mlingo pachaka coupon, ndi Investor adzakhala okonzeka kulipira wogulitsa kapena issuer kumangidwa kuchuluka choposa mtengo mwadzina wa masheya a.