Zobwera chifukwa cha okosijeni nkhawa: udindo wa limagwirira, ndi zizindikiro

Kupanikizika imatengedwa kuti ayankhe si zenizeni za thupi zochita za zinthu mkati kapena kunja. tanthauzo limeneli anali anadzetsa mchitidwe H. Selye (Canada physiologist). kanthu kapena chikhalidwe kungakhale nkhawa. Komabe, munthu amatha kusiyanitsa Chinthu chimodzi ndi kuzitcha izo chifukwa chachikulu cha thupi anachita.

mbali

Pamene kupenda zimene sikuthandiza ngati zinthu (zosangalatsa kapena zosasangalatsa izo) lili thupi. Chidwi ndi mphamvu ya zosowa anatengera kapena rearrangement pansi zinthu. Thupi makamaka anakhudzidwa ndi wothandizila akutivutitsa amatsutsa mphamvu yake kuyankha flexibly kusintha kwa zinthu. Choncho, tingapeze mfundo yotsatirayi. Kupanikizika ndi zovuta dziphunzitsiranso mayankho ochokera thupi ngati zimakhudza chinthu. zodabwitsazi amatchedwa sayansi matenda ambiri anatengera.

siteji

Anatengera syndrome kumachitika panthawi. Akangofika siteji ya nkhawa. Thupi pa nthawi imeneyi kunena anachita mwachindunji mmene. Gawo lachiwiri - fundo. Apa thupi ndinazolowera azipeza zinthu. Pa gawo lotsiriza la kutopa amapezeka. Pochitika magawo poyerekeza lake amagwiritsa nkhokwe zake. Choncho, chomaliza iwo kwambiri zatha. Chifukwa, mkati thupilo adzayamba rearrangements structural. Komabe, nthawi zambiri sikokwanira kuti apulumuke. Choncho, mpaka kalekale masitolo mphamvu ali zatha ndi thupi ikutha atengere.

nkhawa zobwera chifukwa cha okosijeni

и прооксиданты при тех или иных условиях приходят в неустойчивое состояние. kachitidwe antioxidant ndi ovomereza-oxidants akamaziwononga kubwera mu boma osakhazikika. The zikuchokera zinthu dama zinthu zonse akamachita kulimbitsa mapangidwe ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira ufulu kapena mitundu ina zotakasika monga oxygen. могут быть представлены разными агентами. zimagwirira ntchito yaikulu ya mavuto aakulu nkhawa zobwera chifukwa cha okosijeni akhoza umaimiridwa ndi wothandizila osiyana. Zimenezi zingakhale zinthu ma: zopindika kupuma kwa mayitirokondiriyoni, michere yeniyeni. могут быть и внешними. The njira ya nkhawa zobwera chifukwa cha okosijeni akhoza kukhala kunja. Izi, makamaka, monga kusuta fodya, mankhwala, mpweya ndi zina zotero.

ufulu ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira

Iwo zonse aumbike mwa thupi la munthu. Mu zina, chifukwa cha njira mwachisawawa mankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, pali ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira hydroxyl (o). maonekedwe awo amagwirizana ndi kukhudzana zonse ionizing cheza ndi milingo otsika superoxide kumasulidwa chifukwa elekitironi kutayikira ndi awo unyolo zoyendera. Nthawi zina zimenezi, a ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira chifukwa kutsegula kwa phagocytes ndi kupanga okusayidi nitric ndi maselo za indofeliyamu.

The njira ya nkhawa zobwera chifukwa cha okosijeni

MASANKO zosayembekezereka ya ufulu kwakukulu ndi mawu chamoyo ayankhe pafupifupi moyenera. Pankhaniyi, n'zosavuta kwambiri kuti kusuntha bwino wachibale mokomera ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira ndi. . Chifukwa cha sayansi akusokoneza selo ndi nkhawa zobwera chifukwa cha okosijeni amapezeka. Ambiri a zinthu mu udindo kulekerera digiri makezana za vutoli. Ichi ndi chifukwa kukhalapo kwa maselo nyumba reparative. Iwo kuzindikira ndi kuchotsa mamolekyulu zowonongeka. Pa malo a kuthungo zinthu zatsopano kufika. . Komanso, maselo ndi luso pofuna kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo poyankha nkhawa zobwera chifukwa cha okosijeni. Mwachitsanzo, makoswe anayikidwa mu zikhalidwe ndi mpweya wangwiro, kufa patapita masiku angapo. Akuti mu mlengalenga yachibadwa lili 21% O _2. Ngati zimakhudza nyama pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezeka mlingo wa mpweya, chitetezo awo chidzakula. Zotsatira chingapezeke kuti makoswe ndi akhoza kusamutsa 100% O ₂ ndende. способен вызвать серьезные разрушения или гибель клеток. Komabe, nkhawa amphamvu zobwera chifukwa cha okosijeni kungachititse kapena selo imfa.

zinthu kukulitsa

Monga tangotchulawo, muyezo thupi anakhalabe ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira ufulu komanso kuwateteza. вызывается как минимум двумя причинами. Kuchokera pamenepa tinganene nkhawa kuti zobwera chifukwa cha okosijeni chifukwa cha zifukwa ziwiri. Woyamba ndi kuchepetsa ntchito chitetezo. Lachiwiri ndi kuonjezera mapangidwe ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira ndi digiri ngati kuti antioxidants amalephera n'chongoletsa iwo.

Yafupika ayankhe zoteteza

Amadziwika kuti dongosolo antioxidant mwachuluka amadalira zakudya zoyenerera. Chotero, izo Ndizachidziwikire kuti kuchepetsa chitetezo cha thupi chifukwa cha zakudya osauka. N'zodziwikiratu kuti matenda ambiri a anthu amayamba ndi kuperewera kwa zakudya antioxidant. Mwachitsanzo, neurodegeneration ndi wapezeka chifukwa chakuti ankamwa osakwanira odwala thupi lake sangathe metabolize mafuta vitamini E moyenera. Palinso umboni amati ali ndi HIV anthu, wobwezeretsedwa wapezeka mu lymphocytes glutathione mu woipa otsika kwambiri.

kusuta

Ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu ukutipanikiza zobwera chifukwa cha okosijeni mu mapapo ndi zimakhala zina zambiri za thupi. Utsi ndi utomoni olemera ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira. Ena mwa iwo angathe pomenyana molekyulu ndi kuchepetsa ambiri mavitamini E ndiponso C. Utsi akutivutitsa kwa macrophages m'mapapo, potero kubala superoxide. Mu mapapo osuta pali neutrophils kuposa sanali osuta. Fodya nkhanza, anthu kudya bwino ndi kunyeketsa mowa. Choncho, chitetezo awo anafooka. провоцирует тяжелые нарушения клеточного метаболизма. maganizo aakulu zobwera chifukwa cha okosijeni amakwiya kuphwanya choopsa cha kagayidwe ma.

Kusintha mu thupi

Zolinga matenda, ntchito zosiyanasiyana zolembera za nkhawa zobwera chifukwa cha okosijeni. Izi kapena kusintha ena mu thupi amasonyeza yeniyeni matenda malo ndi zinthu, kuutsa. : Mu kuphunzira mapangidwe ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira ufulu mu chitukuko cha ofoola ziwalo ntchito zizindikiro ngati za nkhawa zobwera chifukwa cha okosijeni:

1. Malondialdehyde. Chili mankhwala yachiwiri ya ufulu kwakukulu makutidwe ndi okosijeni (CPO) lipids ndipo ali ndi zopweteka pa kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya Kakhungu lapansi. Zimenezi kumapangitsa ndi kuwonjezeka permeability awo kuti ayoni calcium. Kuwonjezera ndende ya malondialdehyde mu njira ya kwenikweni ndi sekondale-kupata angapo sitepe sclerosis woyamba akutsimikiza nkhawa oksislitelnogo - kutsegula ufulu kwakukulu makutidwe ndi okosijeni.
2. Schiff m'munsi ndi mapeto mankhwala a SRO-mapulotini lipids. Kuwonjezera ndende ya Schiff zapansi akutsimikiza mtima wa kutsegula aakulu ufulu kwakukulu makutidwe ndi okosijeni. Ndi mwai ambiri malondialdehyde kuwonjezera mankhwala ndi kwenikweni sekondale mwapang'onopang'ono sclerosis mwina chiyambi cha ndondomeko zowononga. Yankholo mu kugawikana ndi chiwonongeko wotsatira wa nembanemba lapansi. misinkhu apamwamba Schiff zapansi kumasonyezanso gawo loyamba nkhawa zobwera chifukwa cha okosijeni.
3. Vitamini E. Ndi antioxidant kwachilengedwenso interacts ndi ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira ufulu ndi zamadzimadzi peroxides. ballast mankhwala aumbike mwa zotani. Vitamini E ndi oxidized. Amati ndi neutralizer bwino mpweya singlet. Kutsitsa ntchito vitamini E m'magazi kumasonyeza vutoli mu sanali enzymatic dongosolo kugwirizana AO3 - mu chipika yachiwiri nkhawa zobwera chifukwa cha okosijeni.

zotsatira

? Kodi udindo wa nkhawa zobwera chifukwa cha okosijeni chiyani? Dziwani kuti exposures osati lipids Kakhungu ndi mapuloteni, koma chakudya. Komanso kusintha ayamba mu kachitidwe m'thupi ndi endocrine. Yogwira enzyme thymus lymphocytes kapangidwe amachepetsa, kumawonjezera mlingo wa timene, mahomoni anayamba adzamasulidwa. Pamene maganizo akuyamba zidulo oxidizing mkati, mapuloteni, chimasanduka, kumaonjezera zili wonse wa lipids m'magazi. Kupititsa patsogolo amasulidwe timadzi adrenocorticotropic chifukwa tima azingokhala ATP msasa zosayembekezereka. Last Choncho imayendetsa mapuloteni kinase. Mkaziyo Kenako, timapeza nawo ATP phosphorylation cholinesterase wakusintha mafuta esters mu mafuta ufulu. Kompyuta ya mapuloteni kaphatikizidwe, RNA, DNA, pamene imodzi glycogen yolimbikitsa ya zofikira mafuta, mafuta minofu kuwola zidulo (apamwamba) ndi shuga kumachititsanso nkhawa zobwera chifukwa cha okosijeni. считается одним из наиболее серьезных последствий процесса. Okalamba ndi imodzi mwa mavuto aakulu kwambiri kwa ndondomekoyi. Komanso, pali kanthu kukula mahomoni chithokomiro. Imakhala liwiro lamulo BMR - kukula ndi zosiyanasiyana za zimakhala mapulotini, zamadzimadzi, zimam'patsa kagayidwe. Yofunika kwa glucagon ndi insulin. Akatswiri ena, zochita shuga ngati mbendera ya kutsegula kwa adenylate cyclase, ndi tsMAF - kwa kupanga insulin. Zonsezi kumachititsa intensification wa oipa a glycogen mu minofu ndi chiwindi, liwiro la biosynthesis chakudya ndi mapuloteni, liwiro shuga makutidwe ndi okosijeni. Akufotokozera asafe bwino zoipa, kumaonjezera ndende ya mafuta ndi lipids ena magazi. Glikagon amalimbikitsa mapangidwe shuga, kumabwezera mmbuyo kuwonongeka yake asidi lactic. Mu nkhani iyi, chodzala kumam'phunzitsa chinawonjezeka gluconeogenesis. Zimenezi ndi kaphatikizidwe wa mankhwala si zimam'patsa ndi shuga. Monga woyamba kuchita pyruvic acid ndi asidi lactic, glycerol, komanso mankhwala alionse amene angagwiritsidwe kusandulika ndi catabolism wa pyruvate kaya mbali wapakatikati trikarbonovokislotnogo mkombero. The magawo waukulu komanso ndi amino zidulo ndi lactate. A mbali yaikulu pa kusintha kwa chakudya limabweretsa shuga-6-mankwala. pawiri Izi kwambiri kubweza fosfoliriticheskogo glycogen kusokonezeka. Shuga 6-mankwala yambitsa enzyme shuga zoyendera mu glycogen uridindifosfoglyukozy apanga. Pawiri komanso amachita monga gawo lapansi kwa kusinthika wotsatira glycolytic. Pamodzi ndi iyi pali kukula kaphatikizidwe michere gluconeogenic. Makamaka, ndi mmene chifukwa phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. Izo zimatengera liwiro ndondomeko mu impso ndi chiwindi. The chiŵerengero cha gluconeogenesis ndi glycolysis akugwiritsa kumanja. The glucocorticoids zinthu monga inducers wa kaphatikizidwe enzyme.

matupi ketone

Iwo amachita ngati ogulitsa mafuta a impso, minofu. Pamene zobwera chifukwa cha okosijeni maganizo kuchuluka kwa matupi ketone ndi kuchuluka. Amagwira ntchito ngati yang'anira kuteteza yolimbikitsa kwambiri zidulo mafuta kuchokera zofikira lapansi. Ichi ndi chifukwa zimakhala ambiri ayamba kuchepa mphamvu chifukwa chakuti shuga chifukwa chakuchepa insulin sangathe kulowa mu selo. Pa woipa mkulu zidulo mafuta mu madzi ndi kumawonjezera mayamwidwe awo ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni a chiwindi, limawonjezera mphamvu ya triglyceride kaphatikizidwe. Zonsezi kumachititsa kuchuluka kwa matupi ketone.

Komanso

Science amadziwa ndi zodabwitsazi monga "zobwera chifukwa cha okosijeni zomera nkhawa." Akuti funso kulunjika chikhalidwe atengere zosiyanasiyana zinthu amakhalabe maganizo lero. Ena olemba ndikukhulupirira kuti atakumana akumane ndi zochita zovuta za chikhalidwe chilengedwe. ntchito zake sikudalira chibadwa cha chinthu lapansi. Akatswiri ena amanena kuti mtendere wa mbewu anatsimikiza ndi mayankho omveka. Ndiko kuti, anachita chinthu chokwanira. Pakali pano, ambiri asayansi amavomereza kuti ndi mayankho si yeniyeni mosabisa zimachitika. Pankhaniyi, m'mbuyomu Sizotheka kudziwa ndi maziko a zochita zambiri konsekonse.