Zaluso ndi Entertainment, Zisudzo
Wotchuka Russian Ammayi Komissarzhevskaya Vera Fodorovna: yonena, moyo, ed udindo
Komissarzhevskaya Vera Fedorovna - yotamandika kwambiri Russian Ammayi zaka 19-20, amene ntchito yathandiza kwambiri pa chitukuko cha luso ed. Moyo wake anali wamfupi koma kwambiri ndi kowala. Phunziro la zochitika zake nkhani ya mabuku ambiri, nkhani dissertations. Pali Komissarzhevskaya Theatre (St. Petersburg), iye anauzira olemba ndakatulo kulemba ndakatulo za moyo wake anajambula. Ikhala mbali yaikulu ya luso Russian, ngakhale pambuyo pa zaka zoposa 100 pambuyo achire lapansi.
Makolo ndi zaka zoyambirira
Komissarzhevskaya Vera Fedorovna anabadwa November 8, 1864 ku St. Petersburg. mayi ake - Maria Nikolaevna, mwana wamkazi wa mkulu wa za Preobrazhensky Regiment, ndi atate wake - wotchuka kuimba mu St. Petersburg Mariinsky Theater. Anaphunzira Italy, ndiye anabwerera ku Russia. Makolo Vera tinakwatirana mu chinsinsi, inali nkhani yaikulu m'tawuni. Patapita nthawi, bambo wa Maria Nikolaevna anavomera. banjali anabadwa pafupifupi zotsatizana aakazi atatu. Chikhulupiriro ndi alongo anakulira mu chikhalidwe luso m'nyumba panali zambiri zisudzo, akatswiri a zojambulajambula, oimba. Bambo anali bwenzi la Mussorgsky. Chikhulupiriro zambiri amagwiritsira ntchito mapulogalamu kunyumba ndi zoimbaimba. Iye anali ndi mawu abwino, ndi atate wake ankaganiza kuti iye adzakhala woimba. Vera anadutsa masukulu angapo, koma osokoneza m'chilengedwe sanalole kuti iye aziphunzira zovuta. Pomaliza, bambo anatenga mayiwo kuphunzira kunyumba.
Izi zonse zinasintha pamene atate ake anamwalira Marya Nikolaevna, iye anapatsidwa cholowa anagula malo ndi pafupi Wilno ndipo anapereka mwana wake wamkulu kuphunzira mu yapamwamba Vera Institute for Noble Atsikana. mwamuna wake anakhala ku St. Petersburg, anapitiriza kuimba ndi sanazengereze kuyamba chibwenzi latsopano. Marya Nikolaevna anatenga chirema kwa banja okha ndi kulipira, anagulitsa munda. Yotsala ya moyo wake iye ankakhala moyo osauka kwambiri. mayi Vera anali kukhulupirira kuti cholinga chachikulu cha mkazi - mwamuna ndi ana. Choncho pamene banja lake linatha, iye linathyoka moyo wonse.
akuitanira
Komissarzhevskaya Vera Fedorovna nthawizonse wakhala pafupi kwa atate wake, ndi iye, iwo anali abale mizimu, koma pamene makolo olekanitsidwa, iye anakhala ndi mayi ake, monga bambo msanga kukwatiwanso. Pofuna kuthandiza mayi ake ndi alongo, Vera anali kukwatiwa, ndipo anavomereza maganizo a Chiwerengero Vladimir Muraviev. Koma anali pomwepo momveka bwino kuti ukwati ukulephera. Nyerere ankakonda kumwa, kodi boma ukagwira kukweza dzanja kuti mkazi wake. Ndiyeno kwathunthu ali pa chibwenzi ndi mlongo Chikhulupiriro wake wamng'ono - Hope. Izi kuperekedwa awiri kakasi aspiring zisudzo. Iye ndi mayi ake, anatenga mlandu lithe zatha ndipo ngakhale ali mu chipatala bongo. Ndi kuvutika kwachititsa chakuti chinatseguka ndi mphamvu talente Ammayi chachikulu kwambiri. Madokotala kwambiri anauzidwa kupeza chinthu zitisokoneze maganizo. Ndipo iye anayamba kumachita maphunziro kuchokera wosewera wa Alexandrinsky Vladimir Davydov. Anaona kuti kwambiri luntha ndi akulangizidwa kuti alembetse sewero sukulu. Koma moyo anaganiza mosiyana.
kuyambira pa msewu
Mu 1890, Chikhulupiriro atate adagawana ndi mkazi wake wachiwiri ndi mwana wake anagwidwa naye. Chikhulupiriro amachita ndi zambiri gitala, amathandiza bambo ake ndi ophunzira. Kamodzi wophunzira dzina lake Stanislavsky anamupempha kuti amuthandize mu nyimbo kusaka mphanga, kumene Ammayi anali kudwala. Choncho Komissarzhevskaya Vera Fedorovna woyamba phazi pa siteji weniweni zisudzo. Pa nthawi imeneyo, madokotala anaona matenda a pakhosi aakulu, anali udzu yomaliza anasankha kukhala katswiri wa zisudzo. Iye atenge mbali ya Betsy mu sewerolo "zipatso za Chenicheni" mu "Society of Art ndi Literature" kusukulu kumene ntchito FP Komissarzhevsky. ntchito nyengo mu zisudzo motsogozedwa ndi Stanislavsky anali sukulu zabwino ndi mayeso kwa Ammayi aspiring. Posachedwapa, "Company" watha kwa Gawo zisudzo chifukwa cha mavuto a zachuma. Koma Komissarzhevskaya wapeza njira yake. Iye anaona ntchito P. Kisielewski - wosewera ndi, bwenzi la atate wake. Iye anam'pempha kuti ndi mbali mu Kuskovo mu zisudzo awiri, iye kwakukuru athane ndi pempho.
Novocherkassk
Mu 1893, Vera anasaina mgwirizano wake woyamba ntchito luso mu entreprise N. Sinelnikova Novocherkassk. Chikhulupiriro chimatithandiza Kiselevsky mkulu, koma pang'onong'ono imawunikidwa luso Ammayi lapansi. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti mapeto ake - sewero lanthabwala. Komanso, sanamange pa izo ndi zolinga zazikulu, monga ankayembekezera kuti kuli kokha kwa nthawi m'malo Ammayi wodwalayu. Ntchito entreprise anali hellishly kovuta. Mu miyezi isanu choyamba iye anali kusewera 58 maudindo. Izi ngakhale kuti analibe luso komanso Sewero lirilonse chofunika kuphunzira ndi kusinkhasinkha. A Komissarzhevskaya akadali anakwanitsa kuphunzira kwa anzake anachita zolemba za kuzipenya wa masewero awo ndi kuyang'ana mu zisudzo ndi. Nthawi zina iye anali kusewera mapulogalamu awiri tsiku, usiku anali kuphunzira ntchito. Masana rehearsals, madzulo - masewera pa siteji. Izi ntchito threading sanapereke ufulu zilandiridwenso ndi kufufuza njira zake, koma anapereka masewera luso pa siteji, anathandiza kudziunjikira zinachitikira. Ntchito pa nthawi iyi inaweramitsa waung'ono kwambiri, vodevilchiki kanthu, amene anaikidwa pa siteji ndi chiyani kuoneratu kuya kwa zokumana nazo kwambiri. Koma Vera kuwapatsa kuopsa changu, kuchitira aliyense phunziro lofunika kwambiri. Roswitha anali kukhala zovala zanu, kudzipangitsa mmwamba wojambula, ndipo ngakhale mkulu. Koma ntchito sanasangalale nazo, ndi kutsutsako wayamba chikondwerero masewero ake, poyamba mu mawu ochepa, ndiye mu ndime yonse. kutchuka ake anakula pamodzi ndi luso.
Pakuti chaka Komissarzhevskaya kuzimvetsa pang'ono chidaliro, chasanduka zidule ndipo anayamba kuganiza zambiri. Tisachedwe kuyamba ntchito pa zaka 29, n'kuyamba kuthamangira kuzindikira. Panthawi imeneyi akuwerenga zambiri sewero kwambiri ndi maloto ntchito. Entreprise kwambiri amadalira kukoma anthu, ndipo iwo anali wodzichepetsa kwambiri, Cossacks sanafune la zamasewero kusinkhasinkha kwambiri, koma zisangalalo yekha. Koma zisudzo Sinelnikov, amene analipo pa nthawi imeneyo zabwino za mtundu wake, koma nthawi zina amadzinenera chuma lalikulu, mwachitsanzo, "Tsoka kwa nzeru" ndi "Zipatso za Choonadi".
Kwa chaka cha Ammayi anali wokhoza kuti moonetsera, koma sanali kuwonjezera kwa anzake ogwira chikondi. Communication naye Zinali zovuta, chifukwa anali wovuta kwambiri ndipo iwowo ndiponso anthu ena. nyengo yatha, koma sanapeze kuyembekezera Komissarzhevskaya maganizo kuwonjezera mgwirizanowo. The gululo anabwerera bolevshaya Medvedev, Kisielewski anaona kuti Vera safuna zikhazikike maudindo mu vaudeville, ndipo anataya chidwi, anzake pa siteji amasirira ake, ndipo sanali kumvetsa izo. Onse kunadzetsa chakuti Komissarzhevskaya anayenera kusiya entreprise Sinelnikov.
ulendo
ndi actresses onse a Russian Ufumu pa nthawi kukhalabe malo awo ndalama kugwirizana ndi repertory lapansi. owonetsera n'kupuma anali ochepa, makamaka m'mizinda ikuluikulu. Choncho malo troupes anali angapo. Kusiya Novocherkassk, Vera Komissarzhevskaya pa kuyitana kwa Tiflis luso m'dera amapita nawo pa ulendo. Pano iye anali wokhoza maudindo 12, Pakati pa "tomboy" Comedy, "ndalama chachikulu" ndi ena. Otsutsa ndi anthu Ammayi wabwino kutenga ngakhale bambo ake akutamanda masewera ake. Ngakhale bwino, chikhulupiriro chomwe sichinali mpaka mapeto a wosangalala, akupitirizabe ndimalota za repertoire yaikulu kwambiri. Izi kusadalira kupewedwa Komissarzhevskaya kupeza chibwenzi chabwino. Atayenda ulendo ku Tbilisi, iye anabwerera ku Moscow mu chiyembekezo chopeza ntchito, koma bungwe ndi mantha kupita ndi kuwona ndi chisoni mmene gululo wodzazidwa ndi kusiya, koma ikhala opanda ntchito. Mwadzidzidzi Tiflis mnzake amauza ake kuti kutenga nawo mbali pa ulendo mu Ozerki ndi Oranienbaum. entreprise Izi ankasiyana repertoire zikuluzikulu, zomwe ndi zosangalatsa Chikhulupiriro. Apa n'zotheka aziisewera miyezi 3 14 udindo watsopano mu masewero monga "chidwi ndi Chikondi" Schiller, "Vasilisa Melentyeva" AN Ostrovsky, "steppe ngwazi" IA Salov.
bwino Zinaonekeratu kwambiri kuti pempho anatsimikizira ntchito pa Alexandrinsky Theatre. Koma iye kachiwiri mantha a osadziwa awo, anaganiza muyambe ku repertory Nezlobin mu Vilna. Omvetsera ndi repertoire wa gululo akhala aakulu kwambiri anthu yapita onse, imene ntchito Komissarzhevskaya. Pano Kwa zaka 2 iye wachita maudindo 60, Pakati pali kale anali woonekeratu mwayi: Larissa mu "Mkwatibwi" AN Ostrovsky, Sophia mu "Tsoka kwa nzeru" A. Griboyedov, Louise "chidwi ndi Chikondi" Schiller. Apa masewera ake kuzindikira Nemirovich-Danchenko, Kachalov, Brushtein. Mu Nezlobin Komissarzhevskaya kwathunthu kukulitsa anasonyeza luntha lake kwambiri, zomwe mpaka ndiye unakanizidwa ndi ena, ndi luso lake. Koma iye osazindikira kwambiri wotsogolera wabwino, amene akhoza kusamalira masewera ake.
Alexandrinsky zisudzo
Mu 1896, iye anali pachiyambi kundivutitsa pamene siteji ya Alexandrinsky Theatre. Udindo wa petitioner iye sanali, iye anali nkhawa ndikuganiza za sewerolo kwa Bakuman. Zonsezi kwa Ammayi 32 wazaka anali kale kovuta. Koma iye bwinobwino ankaimba kuwonekera koyamba kugulu kusewera "Gulugufe Boy" ndipo kwambiri kutamandidwa otsutsa. Ammayi anabweretsa kwa siteji kalembedwe latsopano la zisudzo, anamanga mu moyo wamkati. Kwa zaka sikisi mu Alexandrinsky Komissarzhevskaya ankaimba maudindo awo abwino, anapanga wotchuka ake ndi kunyada kwa zisudzo Russian: izo Larissa mu "Mkwatibwi", Nina Zarechnaya mu "The mbalameyi", Desdemona mu "Othello", Marikka mu "Kuwala midsummer" Margarita " Faust. " The kusewera "The mbalameyi" anali wapamwambatu ovoteledwa ndi Chekhov, amene mpaka mapeto a masiku ake ankakhulupirira kuti anali chimake bwino cholinga wolemba wake. Iye anali ndi makalata yaitali ndi Ammayi, ndipo pamodzi anakambirana njira ya chitukuko cha Russian maganizo zisudzo. The kusewera "The mbalameyi" anali osavomerezeka ndi anthu ndi otsutsa, kulephera izi zinandipweteka yaikulu kwa Wolemba wina ndi zisudzo.
Mu bwalo lamasewera, Vera mwapeza bwenzi - wotsogolera EP Karpov, amene sanali ngati odzikuza, koma anayenda ndi gawo latsopano pamodzi kupeza njira yoyenera. Kudzera mgwirizano uno, Ammayi anazindikira momwe waukulu wotsogolera ntchito pa tsoka la zisudzo la. mgwirizano uno Vera anali okhoza kumvetsa maganizo ake pa luso, zimene zinachititsa ake kufunafuna njira zatsopano.
Kufunafuna zisudzo latsopano
Ammayi analakalaka zamasewero latsopano, lingaliro iye kamodzi anamugwira ndi Stanislavsky ndi osangalatsa loto la zisudzo zake zomwe zikhoza ankadziwa. Alexandrinsky Theatre oletsa izo zoletsa zambiri apayu anali ndi mfundo ndiwofatsa. M'makalata ake ndi zolemba zonse pali mutu njira, ndi kufunafuna zisudzo latsopano. Wosewera zisudzo Komissarzhevskaya anamanga pa psychologism, ndi Alexandrinsky izo afunsidwa mawonetseredwe makamaka zakunja popanda akusunsa mu kuya kwa moyo wa munthuyo. Iye akuona kuti tikungotaya nthawi yanu, kuti ntchito zake pa siteji Imperial kumabweretsa ake paliponse. Choncho, mu 1902, anaganiza kusiya Alexandrinsky. Ndalama pa zisudzo zawo alibe, ndi iye ali kupita pa ulendo wautali, iye anabwera pafupifupi onse pa dziko, ntchito ku Yalta, Kiev, Siberia, Kharkiv. Koma repertoire anali ofooka, otsika kwambiri malangizo. Ankafunika Dayilekita, ndipo iye anamupeza munthu wa VE Meyerhold.
zisudzo omwe
Drama Theatre Komissarzhevskaya anaonekera mwalamulo mu 1904, iye amachotsa kumanga naye. Koma kupanda ndalama amachititsa kuti yomweyo kupita pa ulendo ndi 2, iye amayenda kuzungulira dziko, busking ndi kusewera mu zisudzo lachiwiri kalasi pa mowa pagulu. khama amunamuna ndi thandizo la anthu amaganizo amodzi wakhala pamodzi kuchuluka kwa 70 zikwi rubles, ndi Komissarzhevskaya potsiriza akuyamba kulenga n'kupuma Repertory Bwalo la St. Petersburg. cholinga chake - ndi mfundo yatsopano luso, "la zamasewero ku moyo" pakuti ichi anafunika repertoire wapadera ndipo gululo. Komissarzhevskaya limati chiwerengero chachikulu cha masewero ano amasankha amalowa wake wa Ibsen, Chekhov, Gorky. The zisudzo gululo wapangidwa ndi anthu amaganizo amodzi omwe amafunitsitsa kusonyeza dziko maganizo atsopano pa zisudzo. Mu 1906 Meyrehold anavomera kugwira ntchito zisudzo, iye amaika 13 zisudzo pakati pawo Baibulo nzeru za sewerolo "Hedda Gabler," "zisudzo zoonera", "The moyo wa munthu." Koma ubale pakati pa Ammayi ndi wotsogolera anapanga ndi zovuta, kwa phidigu okwana ndi zisudzo kumabweretsa chophukacho. Drama Theatre Komissarzhevskaya ambiguously akutenga omvera pano zoipa izi zimachitika. Koma chinali chifukwa achilengedwe a zochita chosintha wa kampani. Ntchito mu zisudzo wake, Vera nacho kusamvetsetsa, kuperekedwa, ndi olephera, komanso ndi kupambana kwakukulu.
udindo yabwino
Komissarzhevskaya Vera Fedorovna, udindo wa amene adakali ndi zitsanzo za sukulu maganizo, pa pachimake ankaimba ambiri anzeru, khalidwe nzeru. kalembedwe ake a kusewera ndi abwino kwambiri kukwaniritsidwa kwa heroines Chekhov a. Kotero, Sonya ku "Amalume Vanya," Sasha a "Ivanov" ndi Nina Zarechnaya mu "The mbalameyi" anali ndi ganizo wochenjera ndisinthe chikhalidwe. Komissarzhevskaya kumvetsa cholinga wolemba, iye anamverera cholinga luso. Ndipo ngakhale kuti amaonetsa ambiri sanamvere zoterezi kutanthauzira, Wolemba wina kudzitcha kuti kumasulira bwino.
Ndi mmodzi wa maudindo apadera monga iye Komissarzhevskaya Larissa ku "Mkwatibwi" ndi A. Ostrovsky, Natasha Bobrova kwa "nkhani Magic" Potapenko, Nora "Nyumba A zidole" mwa Ibsen, Varvara mu "chilimwe wokhalamo" Gorky a. M'zonse, anapeza kutanthauzira wake, iye ankakhoza kuwona njere ya ntchito ndi kupereka maganizo ozama a munthuyo.
Zokhumudwitsa mu bwalo lamasewera
Mu 1908, seweroli Theatre, kale monga Komissarzhevskaya Theatre (St. Petersburg), akupanga ulendo mu US, kumene Vera afika ndemanga laudatory kwambiri. Iwo anaitana mmodzi wa actresses wa m'zaka 20. Koma Komissarzhevskaya akukumana wosasangalala a zisudzo wake. Kugwira ntchito ndi symbolist Meyerhold Ammayi anaphedwa mu mphamvu, iye sanaganize talente yake anafuna. Chikhulupiriro amaona kuti zolinga pafupifupi konse anazindikira zisudzo, ndi zisudzo ndi atsogoleri sindikumvetsa mzake, limaonetseratu molakwa lingaliro la zisudzo latsopano. Aliyense kusewera latsopano Komissarzhevskaya ngati wolephera. Mu 1909, zimatengera zovuta kwambiri kusiya zisudzo.
chiyembekezo
Komissarzhevskaya Ammayi zosaneneka talente maloto wokongola, maganizo zisudzo, ndinazindikira kuti zisudzo, ndaleredwa mu miyambo yakale, inu simungakhoze kuchita chilichonse. Ndipo iye ankadziwa kuti kutsegula zisudzo sukulu kuphunzitsa zisudzo za mapangidwe latsopano. Iye anakonza kukumbukira maphunziro a bambo ake, omwe anali mphunzitsi wabwino ndi chochitika ed wa Stanislavsky, amene analenga dongosolo lake la masewera luso. Iye ankafuna kuphunzitsa ndekha kukambirana zimene wake wabweza movutikira amenewa, ndiponso kuitana anzawo a zisudzo otchuka ndi atsogoleri, monga iye ankafuna kuti A. White, D. Merezhkovsky, V. Ivanova kuphunzitsa nkhani, kuwonjezera M'maso. Potengera maganizo atsopano ndi chiyembekezo, Komissarzhevskaya anatumiza kwa ulendo omaliza a Siberia mu miyoyo yawo.
zachinsinsi
Vera Komissarzhevskaya, yonena ndi waufupi ndi odzazidwa ndi zisudzo, sanayese n'komwe kukwatira kachiwiri. Mochuluka mwamphamvu kuti mwamuna woyamba, Vladimirom Muravevym. Koma mu 1887, pamene mankhwala mu Makhachkala, anakumana ndi Sergei Ziloti, kapitawo, munthu wophunzira kwambiri, wokonda mabuku ndi zisudzo. Pakati pawo kuwonjezera asapita ofunda kwambiri, Sergei ngakhale kumabweretsa chikhulupiriro kuti chuma cha makolo ake, ndipo ngati mkwatibwi. Mu nyumba iyi Komissarzhevskaya nthawizonse zakhala ansangala ndi omasuka. moyo wake wonse anali abwenzi ndi banja lonse Ziloti zambiri ankabwera Znamenka awo. Koma akwatiwe Sergei sanabwere kuchokera.
Komissarzhevskaya Vera Fedorovna, wina moyo anali kwambiri, nthawi yambiri ndiponso khama zinachitikira pa siteji ndipo anali chokwanira kwa iye. M'nthawi anauzidwa kuti anali kukondana ndi Chekhov, koma sanayese n'komwe anamuuza izi. Ngakhale kuli kotheka kuti iye anali mu chikondi ndi talente Ammayi ake, osati mkazi. Iye anali ndi mabuku ochepa ndi wotsogolera EP Karpov, mnyamata wosewera NP Roshchin-Insarov, ndi nthumwi SS Tatishchev, ndakatulo Bryusov, koma palibe mmodzi wa iwo anatembenuka mu ukwati, chifukwa chinthu chachikulu mu moyo wake zonse anakhalabe zisudzo.
chisamaliro
Ulendo wa Siberia ndi Far East kwambiri Komissarzhevskaya wotopa, iye anadandaula kwa dokotala ululu makutu. maganizo amenewa saloledwa kugona, iye anali tsiku lililonse ankaona poipa. Anaitanidwa kuti dokotala mkaziyo idaikira iye yekha mankhwala - craniotomy. Malaise sanali pochitika, ndi pamene izo zinali mu Tashkent, zisudzo angapo gululo anadwala ndi nthomba, boma la Vera Feodorovna komanso atakula, kunapezeka kuti iye, nayenso, nthomba. ululu wake chosaneneka, 27 January iye anakomoka. Zilonda anaphimba thupi lake, ululu uwonjezeke. M'katikati mwa February, Ammayi anali ndi AP Chekhov, iye ankaona ngati chizindikiro chabwino. Koma chikhalidwe lafika poipa kwambiri mu masiku angapo, pa February 23 anadza ziwalo za mtima ndi Komissarzhevskaya kwambiri anamwalira. Monga mwa chifuniro chake mu Ora loyamba pambuyo makalata imfa ndi zolemba zinawonongedwa kunja kwa bokosi lamaliro ake. Anandiuza kuti wamuika m'manda nkhope yake yokutidwa, kotero kuti anthu sanaone ngati matenda maonekedwe owonongeka. Komissarzhevskaya Vera Fedorovna (1864-1910) anaikidwa pa Tikhvin manda ku Saint Petersburg.
chikumbukiro
Kusamalira kwambiri Ammayi anakhala mantha kwenikweni kwa Russia yokha pambuyo pa imfa ya mwadzidzidzi anazindikira kufunika zosaneneka za njira zake luso ndi kuchuluka luntha. Memory Komissarzhevskaya akadali kunyumba dziko ndi nditamva. Zisudzo Komissarzhevskaya (Novocherkassk) monyadira anati masiku pamene pali inawala Ammayi izi. Komanso kwaziwonetsero Ussuriysk. Mfundo ya moyo wake - Drama Komissarzhevskaya Bwalo la St. Petersburg. Iye zodziwika mdziko lonse. Street Komissarzhevskaya uko mu Tyumen, Donetsk ndi Voronezh. chithunzi analandidwa zosiyanasiyana ndakatulo ndi Alexander Blok ndi Bryusov. talente wake anauzira chilengedwe nyimbo, kotero Knaifel A. analemba chidutswa cha zingwe zida "Chikhulupiriro", P. Gapon analemba kukumbukira Waltz "zingwe osweka." moyo wake ndi ntchito ya odzipereka zodabwitsa filimu "Ine - katswiri wa zisudzo," Viktor Sokolov. Udindo Chikhulupiriro inkalondola kwambiri Ammayi Natalia Saiko. Wotsogolera sanafune kutenga chithunzi kuchuluka, iye anasankha njira nzeru - analenga kanema wa osiyana, zifukwa nkhani chiwembu kuti adzawulule mbali zosiyanasiyana za chikhalidwe kwambiri za Ammayi lapansi. Mufilimuyi zikusonyeza tsoka la moyo, amene mtengo wa Luso bata komanso chimwemwe.
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